太白贝母种植年限对土壤重金属含量及酶活性的影响
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摘要
通过实地调查与采集重庆市巫溪县8份不同生长年限太白贝母根际区土壤,研究太白贝母根际区土壤酶活性、重金属含量的变化规律,揭示生长年限对其根际土壤中酶活性及重金属含量的影响情况.结果表明,不同生长年限太白贝母根际土壤酶活性、重金属元素含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05),呈现出不同的变化规律并具有一定的相关性.整体上,太白贝母栽培品根际土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶随着生长年限的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,磷酸酶、蔗糖酶随着生长年限的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,野生品根际土壤酶活性与其变化趋势不一致.随着生长年限的增加,太白贝母栽培品根际土壤Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni含量先升高后下降,As和Cu含量变化不大.野生品根际土壤重金属含量与其变化规律一致.Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Ni含量均远低于国家农用地土壤风险筛选值,Pb含量除S7(中贝)外均低于国家农用地土壤风险筛选值,Zn含量均远高于国家农用地土壤风险筛选值,土壤污染属轻度污染,应采取安全措施,以保证太白贝母的入药安全性.相关分析得知,根际土壤酶活性与重金属含量之间存在相关关系,既存在协同作用,又具有拮抗作用.
In order to reveal the effects of enzyme activity and heavy metal contents in the rhizosphere soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis, 8 rhizospheric soils of Fritillaria taipaiensis were collected periodically throughout the growth years of Fritillaria taipaiensis. The soil enzyme activities and the variation rule of heavy metal content of rhizospheric soil for Fritillaria taipaiensis were studied. The results showed a significant difference(P<0.05), as well as different variation rules and a certain relative correlation between the rhizospheric soil enzyme activities and the heavy metal content of Fritillaria taipaiensis that was collected from the different growth years. Overall, the activity of soil protease, urease and catalase in the cultivated Fritillaria taipaiensis variety decreased first and then increased, while phosphatase and saccharase increased first and then decreased with the increase of years. However, the soil enzyme activities of the wild variety did not show the same trend with the cultivated variety. The content of Cd, Hg, Pb,Zn and Ni in cultivated Fritillaria taipaiensis variety increased first and then decreased, while As and Cu changed little with the increase of years. The heavy metal content of the wild variety showed the same variation trend with the cultivated variety. The content of Cd, Hg, As, Cu and Ni were much lower than the national soil use risk screening values. The content of Pb was lower than the national soil use risk screening values except S7 and the Zn content was much higher than the national agricultural land soil risk. Screening values showed a mild pollution level therefore safety measures should be taken to ensure the drug safety of Fritillaria taipaiensis. The correlation analysis showed there were the correlation between the soil enzyme activities and the heavy metal content performing the synergism and antagonism.
In order to reveal the effects of enzyme activity and heavy metal contents in the rhizosphere soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis, 8 rhizospheric soils of Fritillaria taipaiensis were collected periodically throughout the growth years of Fritillaria taipaiensis. The soil enzyme activities and the variation rule of heavy metal content of rhizospheric soil for Fritillaria taipaiensis were studied. The results showed a significant difference(P<0.05), as well as different variation rules and a certain relative correlation between the rhizospheric soil enzyme activities and the heavy metal content of Fritillaria taipaiensis that was collected from the different growth years. Overall, the activity of soil protease, urease and catalase in the cultivated Fritillaria taipaiensis variety decreased first and then increased, while phosphatase and saccharase increased first and then decreased with the increase of years. However, the soil enzyme activities of the wild variety did not show the same trend with the cultivated variety. The content of Cd, Hg, Pb,Zn and Ni in cultivated Fritillaria taipaiensis variety increased first and then decreased, while As and Cu changed little with the increase of years. The heavy metal content of the wild variety showed the same variation trend with the cultivated variety. The content of Cd, Hg, As, Cu and Ni were much lower than the national soil use risk screening values. The content of Pb was lower than the national soil use risk screening values except S7 and the Zn content was much higher than the national agricultural land soil risk. Screening values showed a mild pollution level therefore safety measures should be taken to ensure the drug safety of Fritillaria taipaiensis. The correlation analysis showed there were the correlation between the soil enzyme activities and the heavy metal content performing the synergism and antagonism.
引文
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[10] 唐力,夏静芬,芦晨,等.宁波市浙贝母主产地土壤重金属形态分析及污染评价[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):1171-1176.TANG L,XIA J F,LU C,et al.On the distribution features and contamination situation assessment of heavy metals in Ningbo soil planting Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(3):1171-1176(in Chinese).
[11] 廖海兵,李云霞,邵晶晶,等.连作对浙贝母生长及土壤性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2203-2208.LIAO H B,LI Y X,SHAO J J,et al.Impacts of continuous cropping on Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.growth and rhizosphere soil[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(10):2203-2208(in Chinese).
[12] 边雪廉,岳中辉,焦浩,等.土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(4):634-640.BIAN X L,YUE Z H,JIAO H,et al.Soil enzyme indication on soil environmental quality:A review[J].Soils,2015,47(4):634-640(in Chinese).
[13] 马世五,谢德体,张孝成,等.三峡库区重庆段土地生态状况时空格局演变特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):8512-8525.MA S W,XIE D T,ZHANG X C,et al.Spatiotemporal variation in the ecological status of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23):8512-8525(in Chinese).
[14] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-35.BAO S D.Agricultural soil analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricul Ture Press,2000:14-35(in Chinese).
[15] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:274-339.GUAN S Y.Soil enzyme and its research method[M].Beijing:China Agricul Tural Press,1986:274-339(in Chinese).
[16] 李忠宝.农业用地土壤重金属污染特征分析与评价[J].南方农业,2018,12(32):187-188.Li BZ.Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution characteristics of agricultural land[J].South China Agriculture,2018,12(32):187-188(in Chinese).
[17] 国家药典委员会编.中华人民共和国药典(2015年版四部)[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:101-102.National Pharmacopoeia Commission.Ch.P(2015)[S].Beijing:China Medical Science Press,2015:101-102(in Chinese).
[18] 颜秋晓,何腾兵,高安勤,等.不同种植年限下山银花产地土壤及花蕾重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):310-315,328.YAN Q X,HE T B,GAO A Q,et al.Heavy metal contamination characteristics of soil and buds of lonicerae flos in different planting years [J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):310-315,328(in Chinese).
[19] 杨会玲,黄仁华,陈珂,等.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对铯胁迫宿根高粱生长及根际土壤酶的影响[J].环境化学,2015,34(4):712-717.YANG H L,HUANG R H,CHEN K,et al.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on growth of Sorghum haipense and rhizosphere soil enzymes activities under Cs stress[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(4):712-717(in Chinese).
[20] 王怀玉,马鹏,彭锐.不同生长年限太白贝母中贝母辛和总生物碱的含量测定[J].中药材,2011,34(7):1034-1037.WANG H Y,MA P,PENG R.Quantitative determination of peimisin and total alkaloids in Fritillaria taipaiensis of different growing stage[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2011,34(7):1034-1037(in Chinese).
[21] 唐将,钟远平,王力.三峡库区土壤重金属背景值研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(4):848-852.TANG J,ZHONG Y P,WANG L.Background value of soil heavy metal in the Three Gorges Reservoir District[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(4):848-852(in Chinese).
[22] 胡晰,马润则,刘颖倩,等.重庆巫溪县文峰地区孤峰组稀土矿化特征及分布情况[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):294-295.HU X,MA Z R,LIU Y Q,et al.Characteristics and distribution of rare earth mineralization in Gufeng Formation,Wenfeng area,Wuxi County,Chongqing[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2015,35(S1):294-295(in Chinese).
[23] 周浓,张杰,郭冬琴,等.三峡库区栽培重楼中重金属元素的含量与评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1758-1760.ZHOU N,ZHANG J,GUO D Q,et al.Content and evaluation of heavy metal elements in cultivated heavy buildings in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(9):1758-1760(in Chinese).
[24] 高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等.重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.GAO X L,XING W Q,RAN Y L,et al.Effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils on enzyme activities[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):331-336(in Chinese).
[25] 张珍明,乐乐,林昌虎,等.种植年限对山银花土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):66-72.ZHANG Z M,LE L,LIN C H,et al.Effect of cultivating years of flos Lonicerae Confusae on soil quality[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):66-72(in Chinese).
[2] 游静,张德全,潘兴娇,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定太白贝母与暗紫贝母中9种核苷类成分的含量[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(1):174-179.YOU J,ZHANG D Q,PAN X NNJ.et al.Simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides contents using high performance liquid chromatography in Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li and Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2016,42(1):174-179(in Chinese).
[3] 周浓,郭冬琴,沈力,等.太白贝母与暗紫贝母中4种生物碱的含量比较[J].食品科学,2014,35(12):133-136.ZHOU N,GUO D Q,SHEN L,et al.Comparative contents of four alkaloids in bulbs of Fritillaria taipaiensis and Fritillaria unibracteata[J].Food Science,2014,35(12):133-136(in Chinese).
[4] 周浓,郭冬琴,沈力,等.太白贝母与暗紫贝母中砷、汞、镉、铅的含量比较[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(24):67-69.ZHOU N,GUO D Q,SHEN L,et al.Comparison of the content of arsenic,mercury,cadmium and lead between Fritillaria taipaiensis and FritiLlaria unibracteata by wet digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrum[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2013,34(24):67-69(in Chinese).
[5] 党华美,赵欢,何腾兵,等.贵州不同种植年限钩藤土壤重金属的安全评价[J].中药材,2015,38(11):2257-2261.DANG H M,ZHAO H,HE T B,et al.Safety evaluation of heavy metals in soil of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq.ex Havil.in different planting years in Guizhou province[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2015,38(11):2257-2261(in Chinese).
[6] 秦樊鑫,张明时,张丹,等.贵州省地道药材GAP基地土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].土壤,2008,40(1):135-140.QIN F X,ZHANG M S,ZHANG D,et al.Heavy metal contents and pollution evaluation of soils in Chinese Medicinal Herbs GAP Bases in Guizhou Province[J].Soils,2008,40(1):135-140(in Chinese).
[7] 陈碧华,杨和连,周俊国,等.大棚菜田种植年限对土壤重金属含量及酶活性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):213-218.CHEN B X,YANG H L,ZHOU J G,et al.Effect of cultivating years of vegetable field on soil heavy metal content and enzyme activity in plastic shed[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):213-218(in Chinese).
[8] 沈力,周浓,付绍智,等.太白贝母栽培品的生药学研究[J].中药材,2014,37(1):45-49.SHEN L,ZHOU N,FU S Z,et al.Pharmacognostical study on cultivated Fritillaria Taipaiensis[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2014,37(1):45-49(in Chinese).
[9] 翟琨.湖北贝母种植土壤和药材中有机农药及重金属残留分析[J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):976-979.ZHAI K.Residues′ analysis of organic pesticides and heavy metals in a medicinal Herb (Hubei Fritillaria) and its planting soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(4):976-979(in Chinese).
[10] 唐力,夏静芬,芦晨,等.宁波市浙贝母主产地土壤重金属形态分析及污染评价[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):1171-1176.TANG L,XIA J F,LU C,et al.On the distribution features and contamination situation assessment of heavy metals in Ningbo soil planting Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(3):1171-1176(in Chinese).
[11] 廖海兵,李云霞,邵晶晶,等.连作对浙贝母生长及土壤性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2203-2208.LIAO H B,LI Y X,SHAO J J,et al.Impacts of continuous cropping on Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.growth and rhizosphere soil[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(10):2203-2208(in Chinese).
[12] 边雪廉,岳中辉,焦浩,等.土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(4):634-640.BIAN X L,YUE Z H,JIAO H,et al.Soil enzyme indication on soil environmental quality:A review[J].Soils,2015,47(4):634-640(in Chinese).
[13] 马世五,谢德体,张孝成,等.三峡库区重庆段土地生态状况时空格局演变特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):8512-8525.MA S W,XIE D T,ZHANG X C,et al.Spatiotemporal variation in the ecological status of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23):8512-8525(in Chinese).
[14] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-35.BAO S D.Agricultural soil analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricul Ture Press,2000:14-35(in Chinese).
[15] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:274-339.GUAN S Y.Soil enzyme and its research method[M].Beijing:China Agricul Tural Press,1986:274-339(in Chinese).
[16] 李忠宝.农业用地土壤重金属污染特征分析与评价[J].南方农业,2018,12(32):187-188.Li BZ.Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution characteristics of agricultural land[J].South China Agriculture,2018,12(32):187-188(in Chinese).
[17] 国家药典委员会编.中华人民共和国药典(2015年版四部)[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:101-102.National Pharmacopoeia Commission.Ch.P(2015)[S].Beijing:China Medical Science Press,2015:101-102(in Chinese).
[18] 颜秋晓,何腾兵,高安勤,等.不同种植年限下山银花产地土壤及花蕾重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):310-315,328.YAN Q X,HE T B,GAO A Q,et al.Heavy metal contamination characteristics of soil and buds of lonicerae flos in different planting years [J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):310-315,328(in Chinese).
[19] 杨会玲,黄仁华,陈珂,等.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对铯胁迫宿根高粱生长及根际土壤酶的影响[J].环境化学,2015,34(4):712-717.YANG H L,HUANG R H,CHEN K,et al.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on growth of Sorghum haipense and rhizosphere soil enzymes activities under Cs stress[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(4):712-717(in Chinese).
[20] 王怀玉,马鹏,彭锐.不同生长年限太白贝母中贝母辛和总生物碱的含量测定[J].中药材,2011,34(7):1034-1037.WANG H Y,MA P,PENG R.Quantitative determination of peimisin and total alkaloids in Fritillaria taipaiensis of different growing stage[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2011,34(7):1034-1037(in Chinese).
[21] 唐将,钟远平,王力.三峡库区土壤重金属背景值研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(4):848-852.TANG J,ZHONG Y P,WANG L.Background value of soil heavy metal in the Three Gorges Reservoir District[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(4):848-852(in Chinese).
[22] 胡晰,马润则,刘颖倩,等.重庆巫溪县文峰地区孤峰组稀土矿化特征及分布情况[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):294-295.HU X,MA Z R,LIU Y Q,et al.Characteristics and distribution of rare earth mineralization in Gufeng Formation,Wenfeng area,Wuxi County,Chongqing[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2015,35(S1):294-295(in Chinese).
[23] 周浓,张杰,郭冬琴,等.三峡库区栽培重楼中重金属元素的含量与评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1758-1760.ZHOU N,ZHANG J,GUO D Q,et al.Content and evaluation of heavy metal elements in cultivated heavy buildings in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(9):1758-1760(in Chinese).
[24] 高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等.重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.GAO X L,XING W Q,RAN Y L,et al.Effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils on enzyme activities[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):331-336(in Chinese).
[25] 张珍明,乐乐,林昌虎,等.种植年限对山银花土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):66-72.ZHANG Z M,LE L,LIN C H,et al.Effect of cultivating years of flos Lonicerae Confusae on soil quality[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):66-72(in Chinese).