喀斯特林地土壤重金属形态特征及其评价
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摘要
通过野外调查与室内分析,对喀斯特林地土壤重金属全量及形态构成进行了调查,对土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性进行了评价,并探讨分析了土壤重金属与土壤pH值的相关性。结果表明:中性土壤As,Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn及Cr全量均大于酸性土壤的全量;As以酸溶态为主,Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn及Cr以残渣态为主,残渣态土壤重金属比例为中性高于酸性土壤;酸性和中性土壤重金属Pb全量、中性土壤的As和Cu全量均高于贵州土壤背景值;中性和酸性土壤重金属As,Cd和Ni全量及酸性土壤重金属Cu全量超过土壤环境质量二级标准值;酸性土壤为轻度污染,中性土壤为中度污染;重金属生物有效性表现为As>Cd>Cr>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cu,酸性土壤As生物有效性指数最高,与中性土壤相比,酸性土壤重金属生物有效性高;Cu全量、可氧化态Pb、残渣态Cu与pH值呈极显著正相关,酸溶态Zn与pH值呈极显著负相关,酸溶态Cr与pH值呈显著负相关,残渣态As与pH值呈显著正相关。喀斯特林地土壤主要受到As,Cd,Cu,Ni这4种重金属的影响,除As外,其余3种元素属于"高背境,低活性"状态。
The field survey and indoor analysis were carried out to investigate the characteristics of total contents and the speciation of heavy metals in forest soil of Karst, to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, and to discuss and analyze the correlation between heavy metal and soil pH value. The results showed that the total contents of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr in neutral soil were higher than those in acid soil, As mainly occurred in acid soluble fraction, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr mainly occurred in residual fraction, and the proportion of residual fraction of heavy metal in neutral soil was higher than that in acid soil; the total contents of Pb in acid and neutral soils were higher than the soil background value in Guizhou Province, and the total contents of As and Cu in neutral soil were higher than the soil background values in Guizhou Province; the total contents of As, Cd and Ni in neutral and acid soil were higher than the secondary standard values of soil environmental quality, the total content of Cu in acid soil was higher than the secondary standard values of soil environmental quality. The comprehensive pollution index showed that the acid soil was slightly polluted, the neutral soil was moderately polluted. The bioavailability of heavy metals decreased in the order: As>Cd>Cr>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cu, the bioavailability of As in acid soil was the highest, and the bioavailability of heavy metals in acid soil was higher than that in neutral soil. The total content of Cu, the oxidizable fraction of Pb, the residual fraction of Cu were extremely significantly positively correlated with soil pH value, the acid soluble fraction of Zn was extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value, the acid soluble fraction of Cr was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value, and the residual fraction of As was significantly positively correlated with soil pH value. The forest soil in karst was mainly affected by As, Cd, Cu and Ni. Except As, the other three soil heavy metals belong to the state of high environmental background and low activity.
The field survey and indoor analysis were carried out to investigate the characteristics of total contents and the speciation of heavy metals in forest soil of Karst, to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, and to discuss and analyze the correlation between heavy metal and soil pH value. The results showed that the total contents of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr in neutral soil were higher than those in acid soil, As mainly occurred in acid soluble fraction, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr mainly occurred in residual fraction, and the proportion of residual fraction of heavy metal in neutral soil was higher than that in acid soil; the total contents of Pb in acid and neutral soils were higher than the soil background value in Guizhou Province, and the total contents of As and Cu in neutral soil were higher than the soil background values in Guizhou Province; the total contents of As, Cd and Ni in neutral and acid soil were higher than the secondary standard values of soil environmental quality, the total content of Cu in acid soil was higher than the secondary standard values of soil environmental quality. The comprehensive pollution index showed that the acid soil was slightly polluted, the neutral soil was moderately polluted. The bioavailability of heavy metals decreased in the order: As>Cd>Cr>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cu, the bioavailability of As in acid soil was the highest, and the bioavailability of heavy metals in acid soil was higher than that in neutral soil. The total content of Cu, the oxidizable fraction of Pb, the residual fraction of Cu were extremely significantly positively correlated with soil pH value, the acid soluble fraction of Zn was extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value, the acid soluble fraction of Cr was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value, and the residual fraction of As was significantly positively correlated with soil pH value. The forest soil in karst was mainly affected by As, Cd, Cu and Ni. Except As, the other three soil heavy metals belong to the state of high environmental background and low activity.
引文
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[14] 赵志南,严冬,何群华,等.ICP—MS测定《全国土壤污染状况详查》项目中14种元素[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):448-452.
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[16] 郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[17] 冯艳红,郑丽萍,应蓉蓉,等.黔西北炼锌矿区土壤重金属形态分析及风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(2):142-149.
[18] 何勇田,熊先哲.复合污染研究进展[J].环境科学,1994,15(6):79-83.
[19] 王铁宇,吕永龙,罗维,等.北京官厅水库周边土壤重金属与农药残留及风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(4):57-61.
[20] 钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属生物有效性的研究:以江苏昆山市为例[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):240-248.
[2] 吴迪,程志飞,刘品祯,等.蓬莱仙界园区土壤—蔬菜系统重金属形态解析及关联特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(3):581-587.
[3] 黄东风,王利民,李卫华,等.重金属钝化剂对蔬菜—土壤系统Cd和Pb的钝化效果研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(7):1242-1249.
[4] 楚春晖,佘宇晨,佘济云,等.亚热带不同森林类型的土壤重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):258-263.
[5] 韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[6] Rai P K.Heavy metal pollution in lentil ecosystem of sub-tropical industrial region and its phytoremediation[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2010,12(3):226-242.
[7] 武永锋,刘丛强,涂成龙.贵阳城市土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].矿物学报,2008,28(2):177-180.
[8] 杨秀敏,任广萌,李立新,等.土壤pH值对重金属形态的影响及其相关性研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):79-83.
[9] 林承奇,胡恭任,于瑞莲.九龙江和厦门西港近岸表层沉积物中汞的赋存形态及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(4):749-756.
[10] 姚永慧,张百平,周成虎.贵州森林的空间格局及组成结构[J].地理学报,2003,58(1):126-132.
[11] 颜蒙蒙,王济,胡丰青,等.贵阳郊区菜地土壤重金属Zn,Cd,Pb,Cu污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):336-341,380.
[12] 张家春,曾宪平,张珍明,等.不同功能区土壤—钩藤系统重金属累计特征及评价[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(20):3746-3752.
[13] 吴先亮,黄先飞,李朝婵,等.黔西煤矿区土壤重金属污染水平及其形态[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):335-341.
[14] 赵志南,严冬,何群华,等.ICP—MS测定《全国土壤污染状况详查》项目中14种元素[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):448-452.
[15] 卢少勇,焦伟,金相灿,等.滇池内湖滨带沉积物中重金属形态分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):487-492.
[16] 郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[17] 冯艳红,郑丽萍,应蓉蓉,等.黔西北炼锌矿区土壤重金属形态分析及风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(2):142-149.
[18] 何勇田,熊先哲.复合污染研究进展[J].环境科学,1994,15(6):79-83.
[19] 王铁宇,吕永龙,罗维,等.北京官厅水库周边土壤重金属与农药残留及风险分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(4):57-61.
[20] 钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属生物有效性的研究:以江苏昆山市为例[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):240-248.