复合土壤修复剂对镉砷污染稻田的影响研究
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摘要
为治理镉砷复合污染农田土壤,选取了湖南省某矿区附近的镉砷复合污染稻田,以小区对比试验研究了复合土壤修复剂(亚硒酸钠+钙镁硅肥+聚合硫酸铁+膨润土+硫磺+氯化钙)对土壤中镉(Cd)、砷(As)有效态、土壤pH,稻谷中Cd、As含量及稻谷产量等指标的影响。结果表明,在2 700 kg/hm~2施用水平,施用土壤修复剂能提高土壤pH 0.4单位,土壤CEC增加9.23 cmol/kg,有机质增加14.32 g/kg;施用土壤修复剂土壤有效态镉、有效态砷含量分别降低41.93%、64.34%,稻米中镉、无机砷含量分别降低81.25%、77.92%,达到国家食品污染物限量标准;同时,施用土壤修复剂能在一定程度上提高稻谷的长势及产量,稻谷产量增加6.82%。
In order to remediate soil contaminated by cadmium-arsenic,paddy soil near a mining area in Hunan Province was selected. It was investigated for remediation effect of the composite soil repairing agent(sodium nitrite+ calcium and magnesium silicon fertilize+ polyferric sulfate+ bentonite+ brim stone+ calcium chloride)on bioavailable cadmium and arsenic in soil, soil pH, cadmium and arsenic contents in rice, rice yield and other indexes. The results showed that, under 2 700 kg/hm~2 restoration agents,soil pH values increased by 0.4 units, soil CEC increased by 9.23 cmol/kg, organic matter increased by 14.32 g/kg, the contents of available cadmium and available arsenic in soil decreased by 41.93% and 64.34%.The content of arsenic and inorganic arsenic in rice grain decreased by 81.25% and 77.92%, respectively, which achieved the national food pollutant limit standard;at the same time, the application of soil restoration agent can improve rice growth and yield to a certain extent, and the rice yield increased by 6.82%.
In order to remediate soil contaminated by cadmium-arsenic,paddy soil near a mining area in Hunan Province was selected. It was investigated for remediation effect of the composite soil repairing agent(sodium nitrite+ calcium and magnesium silicon fertilize+ polyferric sulfate+ bentonite+ brim stone+ calcium chloride)on bioavailable cadmium and arsenic in soil, soil pH, cadmium and arsenic contents in rice, rice yield and other indexes. The results showed that, under 2 700 kg/hm~2 restoration agents,soil pH values increased by 0.4 units, soil CEC increased by 9.23 cmol/kg, organic matter increased by 14.32 g/kg, the contents of available cadmium and available arsenic in soil decreased by 41.93% and 64.34%.The content of arsenic and inorganic arsenic in rice grain decreased by 81.25% and 77.92%, respectively, which achieved the national food pollutant limit standard;at the same time, the application of soil restoration agent can improve rice growth and yield to a certain extent, and the rice yield increased by 6.82%.
引文
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[19] 王林,徐应明,孙扬,等.海泡石及其复配材料钝化修复镉污染土壤[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(9):2093-2098.
[20] 朱奇宏,黄道友,刘国胜,等.改良剂对镉污染酸性水稻土的修复效应与机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):847-851.
[21] 罗远恒,顾雪元,吴永贵,等.土壤调理剂对农田土壤镉污染的原位钝化修复效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):890-897.
[22] 王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):314-320.
[23] 陈杰,宋靖珂,张晶,等.不同钝化剂对铜污染土壤原位钝化修复[J].土壤,2016,48(4):742-747.
[24] 谢洪珍.某金矿含砷铅碱性工业废水的处理试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2011,30(4):336-339.
[25] 蒋茂林.膨润土及其复合材料脱除模拟废水中砷(V)的试验研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[26] 任海,付立东,王宇,等.硅肥与基本苗配置对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019(1):108-116.
[2] 陈英旭.环境学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:113-114.
[3] CHANEY R L,REEVES P G,RYAN J A,et al.An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks[J].Biometals,2004,17(5):549-553.
[4] 崔岩山,陈晓晨.土壤中镉的生物可给性及其对人体的健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):403-408.
[5] 陈朗,宋玉芳,张薇,等.土壤镉污染毒性效应的多指标综合评价[J].环境科学,2008,29(9):2606-2612.
[6] 陈同斌.土壤溶液中的砷及其与水稻生长效应的关系[J].生态学报,1996,16(2):147-153.
[7] 唐彬,邱亚群,胡立琼,等.含铁材料修复砷污染土壤的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(12):3692-3695,3729.
[8] VAN VLIET O P R,FAAIJ A P C,TURKENBURG W C.Fischer-Tropsch diesel production in a well-to-wheel perspective:A carbon,energy flow and cost analysis[J].Energy conversion and management,2009,50(6):855-876.
[9] 林海,靳晓娜,董颖博,等.膨润土对不同类型农田土壤重金属形态及生物有效性的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):945-952.
[10] 蔡瑞,李玉奇.生物质炭对不同质地镉污染土壤性质及有效镉的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(3):70-72.
[11] 陈晓婷,王果,梁志超,等.钙镁磷肥和硅肥对Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤上小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(1):109-112.
[12] 张海勃,李相奎,白瑞琴,等.硅肥和钙镁磷肥对作物吸收重金属镉的抑制作用研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(4):54-55.
[13] 刘大锷,郭明选,高汉清,等.施用生石灰对镉污染酸性土壤中水稻镉积累的影响[J].湖南农业环境科学,2016(12):24-26.
[14] 蓝兰,涂仕华.不同中微量及有益元素对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响[J].四川农业科技,2018(3):43-47.
[15] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[16] 张传琦,程丽娅,黄勤,等.ICP-MS法测定土壤中有效态砷的研究[J].分析试验室,2011,30(7):83-86.
[17] 梁学峰,徐应明,王林,等.天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(5):1011-1018.
[18] 刘昭兵,纪雄辉,王国祥,等.赤泥对Cd污染稻田水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):692-697.
[19] 王林,徐应明,孙扬,等.海泡石及其复配材料钝化修复镉污染土壤[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(9):2093-2098.
[20] 朱奇宏,黄道友,刘国胜,等.改良剂对镉污染酸性水稻土的修复效应与机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):847-851.
[21] 罗远恒,顾雪元,吴永贵,等.土壤调理剂对农田土壤镉污染的原位钝化修复效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):890-897.
[22] 王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):314-320.
[23] 陈杰,宋靖珂,张晶,等.不同钝化剂对铜污染土壤原位钝化修复[J].土壤,2016,48(4):742-747.
[24] 谢洪珍.某金矿含砷铅碱性工业废水的处理试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2011,30(4):336-339.
[25] 蒋茂林.膨润土及其复合材料脱除模拟废水中砷(V)的试验研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[26] 任海,付立东,王宇,等.硅肥与基本苗配置对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019(1):108-116.