舟山海域表层沉积物重金属分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
以舟山海域表层沉积物为研究对象,测定了研究区33个采样站位中Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg、As、Cr等7种重金属的含量,并分析评价了其污染分布、来源和潜在生态风险。结果表明:舟山海域表层沉积物各重金属含量差异较大,其分布总体呈西高东低、近岸海域高于远岸海域、局部存在高值区的特征。Zn、Cu、Pb、Hg、As、Cr主要受钱塘江、甬江沿岸工农业生产及入海排污口的影响;Cd可能受到海洋沉积环境对重金属在不同环境相转换机制的影响。Cd和Hg是研究区主要的潜在生态风险因子,高值区主要位于杭州湾口外、中街山列岛及长白岛-秀山岛等附近海域。
Concentrations of 7 heavy metals(Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Hg,As and Cr) from 33 surface sediment samples in Zhoushan sea area were determined to study their distribution,possible sources and potential ecological risks.The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the surface sediments exhibited great differences.The distribution of heavy metals decreased gradually from the west to the east,and from the offshore to the open sea.Some regions had very high concentrations.Zn,Cu,Pb,Hg,As and Cr mainly originated from Qiantangjiang River,Yongjiang River coastal industrial or agricultural production and land-sourced pollutants,and there might be a special transformation of Cd in different environmental medium.The results of potential ecological risk assessment showed that Cd and Hg were the main potential risk factors in the study area,and the high values mainly appeared at the Hangzhou Bay estuary,Zhongjieshan archipelago and Changbai-Xiushan sea area.
Concentrations of 7 heavy metals(Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Hg,As and Cr) from 33 surface sediment samples in Zhoushan sea area were determined to study their distribution,possible sources and potential ecological risks.The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the surface sediments exhibited great differences.The distribution of heavy metals decreased gradually from the west to the east,and from the offshore to the open sea.Some regions had very high concentrations.Zn,Cu,Pb,Hg,As and Cr mainly originated from Qiantangjiang River,Yongjiang River coastal industrial or agricultural production and land-sourced pollutants,and there might be a special transformation of Cd in different environmental medium.The results of potential ecological risk assessment showed that Cd and Hg were the main potential risk factors in the study area,and the high values mainly appeared at the Hangzhou Bay estuary,Zhongjieshan archipelago and Changbai-Xiushan sea area.
引文
[1] 柴小平.杭州湾及其邻近海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征与污染评价研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
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[13] 黄磊,孙桂华,袁晓婕.福建近岸海域表层沉积物重金属、PCBs潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):167-172,185.
[14] 徐艳东,魏潇,夏斌,等.莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋科学进展,2015,33 (4):520-528.
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[18] 王丕波,宋金明,郭占勇,等.海洋表层沉积物再悬浮的诱因及其对生源要素循环的影响[J].海洋科学,2005,29 (10):77-80.
[19] 粟启仲.浙江近岸海域沉积物中重金属与酸可挥发性硫化物的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2015.
[2] HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[3] 张志忠,李双林,董岩翔,等.浙江近岸海域沉积物沉积速率及地球化学[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(3):15-24.
[4] 徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[5] 何海星.厦门西港近岸海域沉积物重金属污染及铅锶同位素示踪研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2014.
[6] 王帅,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.九龙江河口表层沉积物中重金属污染评价及来源[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(10):1110-1118.
[7] XU X D,CAO Z M,ZHANG Z X,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):596-602.
[8] 白有成,高生泉,金海燕,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋学研究,2011,29(4):32-42.
[9] 钱晓佳,段舜山.珠海近岸海域表层沉积物中的重金属及生态危害评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2123-2129.
[10] DOU Y G,LI J,ZHAO J T,et al.Distribution,enrichment and source of heavy metals in surface sediments of the eastern Beibu Bay,South China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,67(1/2):137-145.
[11] ZAHARESCU D G,HOODA P S,SOLER A P,et al.Trace metals and their source in the catchment of the high altitude Lake Respomuso,Central Pyrenees[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(11):3546-3553.
[12] SURESH G,SUTHARSAN P,RAMASAMY V,et al.Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments,India[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,84:117-124.
[13] 黄磊,孙桂华,袁晓婕.福建近岸海域表层沉积物重金属、PCBs潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):167-172,185.
[14] 徐艳东,魏潇,夏斌,等.莱州湾东部海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋科学进展,2015,33 (4):520-528.
[15] 国家海洋局东海分局.2010-2014年东海区海洋环境公报[EB/OL].(2011-09-09)[2015-04-13].http://www.eastsea.gov.cn/xxgk_166/xxgkml/hytj/dhqhyhjgb/.
[16] EVANS R D.Empirical evidence of the importance of sediment resuspension in lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1994,284(1):5-12.
[17] ZHONG A P,GUO S H,LI F M,et al.Impact of anions on the heavy metals release from marine sediments[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2006,18(6):1216-1220.
[18] 王丕波,宋金明,郭占勇,等.海洋表层沉积物再悬浮的诱因及其对生源要素循环的影响[J].海洋科学,2005,29 (10):77-80.
[19] 粟启仲.浙江近岸海域沉积物中重金属与酸可挥发性硫化物的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2015.
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