基于Jason-2校正辐射计的降雨率估计算法研究
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摘要
采用Jason-2校正辐射计的亮温数据与GPM Ku波段测雨雷达的降雨率数据,开展基于Jason-2校正辐射计的降雨率估计算法研究。为避免波束填充效应,对Ku波段测雨雷达降雨率数据进行网格化处理,分别构建3×3,5×5及7×7网格的建模数据集和验证数据集,通过建模数据集建立了3种基于校正辐射计的降雨率估计算法研究,并通过验证数据集进行检验。结果表明:对GPM Ku波段测雨雷达的降雨数据进行3×3,5×5及7×7的网格化处理,可以在降雨率估计算法研究时有效避免波束填充效应,7×7网格化处理方法效果最优。对3种不同的算法比对,发现利用校正辐射计3个通道亮温信息的线性组合形式估计降雨率效果最优,相对偏差可达42.33%。
Rainfalls have negative impacts on the measurement accuracy of the satellite radar altimeter, and thus obtaining the rain rate in the altimeter observation area is very important. In this paper, we explored the rain rate estimation algorithms by using the brightness data from the Jason-2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer(AMR) and the rain rate data from the GPM Ku band precipitation radar. In order to avoid the beam-filling effect, the rainfall data of Ku-band rain radar were gridded. The datasets with grids of 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 were constructed for model development and validation, respectively. Three rain rate estimation algorithms were established and assessed. The results showed that the beam filling effect could be effectively avoided by dividing the Ku PR rain rate data into 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 grids, with the best results found for 7×7 grids. The comparison between the different algorithms showed that the linear algorithm was the best, with the percentage bias of 42.33%.
Rainfalls have negative impacts on the measurement accuracy of the satellite radar altimeter, and thus obtaining the rain rate in the altimeter observation area is very important. In this paper, we explored the rain rate estimation algorithms by using the brightness data from the Jason-2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer(AMR) and the rain rate data from the GPM Ku band precipitation radar. In order to avoid the beam-filling effect, the rainfall data of Ku-band rain radar were gridded. The datasets with grids of 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 were constructed for model development and validation, respectively. Three rain rate estimation algorithms were established and assessed. The results showed that the beam filling effect could be effectively avoided by dividing the Ku PR rain rate data into 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 grids, with the best results found for 7×7 grids. The comparison between the different algorithms showed that the linear algorithm was the best, with the percentage bias of 42.33%.
引文
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[15] SMITH E A,COOPER H J,XIANG X,et al.Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements.part I:brightness-temperature properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,31(6):17-39.
[16] KUMMEROW C.A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space.part I:algorithm description[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994,33(1):19-34.
[17] MCCOLLUM J R,FERRARO R R.Next generation of NOAA/NESDIS TMI,SSM/I,and AMSR-E microwave land rainfall algorithms[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D8):8382-8404.
[18] KUBOTA T,SHIGE S,HASHIZUME H,et al.Global precipitation map using satellite-borne microwave radiometers by the GSMaP project:production and validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2007,45(7):2259-2275.
[19] SEO E,SOHN B,LIU G.How TRMM precipitation radar and microwave imager retrieved rain rates differ[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(34):497-507.
[20] SHIGE S,YAMAMOTO T,TSUKIYAMA T,et al.The GSMaP precipitation retrieval algorithm for microwave sounders—part I:over-ocean algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2009,47(9):3084-3097.
[21] WILHEIT T T,KUMMEROW C D.Use of the TRMM-PR for estimating the TMI beam filling correction[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2009,87(87):255-263.
[22] OLSON B,GRECU M,MUMCHAK J,et al.Precipitation estimation using combined radar and microwave radiometer observations from/GPM—initial validation[C]//AGU Fall Meeting.San Francisco,America:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2015:5188-5194.
[23] MEYERS P C,FERRARO R R.Precipitation from the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations & Remote Sensing,2016,9(6):2611-2618.
[24] KUMMEROW C,PETKOVIC V.Passive microwave rainfall estimates from the GPM mission[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.Vienna,Austria:EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2017,19:2545.
(1)OLSON W S,LAFONTAINE F J,SMITH W L,et al.Recommended algorithms for retrieval of rainfall rates in the tropics using SSM/I,University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI,1990:10.
[2] GUO Y T,MIAO H L,ZHANG G S,et al.Study on neural network model of estimating the sea state bias for radar altimeters[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(7):124-130.郭迎婷,苗洪利,张国首,等.雷达高度计海况偏差估计神经网络模型研究[J].海洋学报,2017,39(7):124-130.
[3] ZHOU X,YANG X F,HAO Y L,et al.Evaluating and correcting rain effects on dual-frequency altimeter Jason-1 wind measurements[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(4):917-924.
[4] BROWN S.A novel near-land radiometer wet path-delay retrieval algorithm:application to the Jason-2/OSTM advanced microwave radiometer[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2010,48(4):1986-1992.
[5] WILHEIT T,KUMMEROW C D,FERRARO R.NASDA rainfall algorithms for AMSR-E[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2003,41(2):204-214.
[6] KUMMEROW C,HONG Y,OLSON W S,et al.The evolution of the goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) for rainfall estimation from passive microwave sensors[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001,40(11):1801-1820.
[7] LI Q,FERRARO R,GRODY N.Detailed analysis of the error associated with the rainfall retrieved by the NOAA/NESDIS SSM/I algorithm:1.tropical oceanic rainfall[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1998,103(D10):11419-11427.
[8] WENTZ F J,SPENCER R W.SSM/I rain retrievals within a unified all-weather ocean algorithm[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1996,55(9):1613-1627.
[9] SHORT D A,North G R.The beam filling error in the Nimbus 5 electronically scanning microwave radiometer observations of Global Atlantic Tropical Experiment rainfall[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1990,95(D3):2187-2193.
[10] CNES,EUMETSAT,JPL,NOAA/NESDIS.OSTM/Jason-2 products handbook[EB/OL].(2017-01-13)[2017-12-18].http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/fileadmin/documents/data/tools/hdbk_j2.pdf.
[11] SKOFRONICK-JACKSON G,HUFFMAN G,STOCKER E,et al.Successes with the global precipitation measurement (GPM) mission[C]//Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS).Beijing:IEEE International,2016:3910-3912.
[12] WILHEIT T T.Retrieval of monthly rainfall indices from microwave radiometric measurements using probability distribution functions[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1991,8(1):118-136.
[13] BERG W,CHASE R.Determination of mean rainfall from the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) using a mixed lognormal distribution[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1992,9(2):129-141.
[14] BAUER P,SCHLUESSEL P.Rainfall,total water,ice water,and water vapor over sea from polarized microwave simulations and special sensor microwave/imager data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1993,98(D11):20737-20759.
[15] SMITH E A,COOPER H J,XIANG X,et al.Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements.part I:brightness-temperature properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,31(6):17-39.
[16] KUMMEROW C.A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space.part I:algorithm description[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994,33(1):19-34.
[17] MCCOLLUM J R,FERRARO R R.Next generation of NOAA/NESDIS TMI,SSM/I,and AMSR-E microwave land rainfall algorithms[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D8):8382-8404.
[18] KUBOTA T,SHIGE S,HASHIZUME H,et al.Global precipitation map using satellite-borne microwave radiometers by the GSMaP project:production and validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2007,45(7):2259-2275.
[19] SEO E,SOHN B,LIU G.How TRMM precipitation radar and microwave imager retrieved rain rates differ[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(34):497-507.
[20] SHIGE S,YAMAMOTO T,TSUKIYAMA T,et al.The GSMaP precipitation retrieval algorithm for microwave sounders—part I:over-ocean algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2009,47(9):3084-3097.
[21] WILHEIT T T,KUMMEROW C D.Use of the TRMM-PR for estimating the TMI beam filling correction[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2009,87(87):255-263.
[22] OLSON B,GRECU M,MUMCHAK J,et al.Precipitation estimation using combined radar and microwave radiometer observations from/GPM—initial validation[C]//AGU Fall Meeting.San Francisco,America:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2015:5188-5194.
[23] MEYERS P C,FERRARO R R.Precipitation from the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations & Remote Sensing,2016,9(6):2611-2618.
[24] KUMMEROW C,PETKOVIC V.Passive microwave rainfall estimates from the GPM mission[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.Vienna,Austria:EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2017,19:2545.
(1)OLSON W S,LAFONTAINE F J,SMITH W L,et al.Recommended algorithms for retrieval of rainfall rates in the tropics using SSM/I,University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI,1990:10.