不同控制策略下短程硝化启动及运行工况优化
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摘要
试验采用SBR反应器处理低C/N生活污水,在温度为(25±0. 5)℃时,分别采用交替缺氧/好氧4次、交替好氧/缺氧5次和交替好氧/缺氧4次,时间比均为30 min∶30 min,NO2--N积累率在69、63和58周期分别达到96. 79%、98. 80%和98. 78%;同样温度下,控制好氧/缺氧时间比分别为30 min∶30 min、40 min∶20 min和30 min∶60 min,单周期交替次数为5、3和5时,NO2--N积累率于63、73及78周期时达到最大,其分别为98. 81%、97. 71%和94. 64%,对应AOB活性分别为96. 30、99. 27及102. 26,对其进行物料衡算,3种好氧/缺氧时间比下均存在同步硝化反硝化,同步硝化反硝化去除总氮分别为29. 89、28. 77及29. 78 mg·L-1.调整温度分别为18、25和30℃,在好氧/缺氧时间比为30 min∶30 min时,在第90、64和61周期时NO2--N积累率分别为99. 58%、99. 21%和95. 93%,污泥活性(f)达到最大所需时间分别为64、40及48周期,且污泥沉降性能均良好.
Low C/N domestic sewage was treated in a SBR. With an operating temperature of( 25 ± 0. 5) ℃,NO2--N accumulation rates reached 96. 79%,98. 80%,and 98. 78% after 69,63,and 58 cycles,respectively. In each case,alternating modes of hypoxia/aerobic( four times),aerobic/anoxic( five times),and aerobic/anoxic( four times) were applied,respectively,with an alternating time of 30 min. At the same temperature,when the aerobic/anoxic time ratios were 30 min∶ 30 min,40 min∶ 20 min,and30 min∶ 60 min,and the single-cycle alternating times were 5,3,and 5,respectively,stable NO2--N accumulation rates reached98. 81%,97. 71%,and 94. 64% after 63,73,and 78 cycles,respectively. The activity of AOB was 96. 30,99. 27,and 102. 26,respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred under the three aerobic/anoxic time ratios. The total amounts of nitrogen removed by synchronous nitrification and denitrification were 29. 89,28. 77,and 29. 78 mg·L-1. When temperatures were adjusted to 18,25,and 30℃,and when the aerobic/anoxic time ratio was 30 min ∶ 30 min,the NO2--N accumulation rates were99. 58%,99. 21%,and 95. 93% after 90,64,and 61 cycles,respectively. The activity of the sludge( f) peaked when after 64,40,and 48 cycles,while the sludge-settling performance was good.
Low C/N domestic sewage was treated in a SBR. With an operating temperature of( 25 ± 0. 5) ℃,NO2--N accumulation rates reached 96. 79%,98. 80%,and 98. 78% after 69,63,and 58 cycles,respectively. In each case,alternating modes of hypoxia/aerobic( four times),aerobic/anoxic( five times),and aerobic/anoxic( four times) were applied,respectively,with an alternating time of 30 min. At the same temperature,when the aerobic/anoxic time ratios were 30 min∶ 30 min,40 min∶ 20 min,and30 min∶ 60 min,and the single-cycle alternating times were 5,3,and 5,respectively,stable NO2--N accumulation rates reached98. 81%,97. 71%,and 94. 64% after 63,73,and 78 cycles,respectively. The activity of AOB was 96. 30,99. 27,and 102. 26,respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred under the three aerobic/anoxic time ratios. The total amounts of nitrogen removed by synchronous nitrification and denitrification were 29. 89,28. 77,and 29. 78 mg·L-1. When temperatures were adjusted to 18,25,and 30℃,and when the aerobic/anoxic time ratio was 30 min ∶ 30 min,the NO2--N accumulation rates were99. 58%,99. 21%,and 95. 93% after 90,64,and 61 cycles,respectively. The activity of the sludge( f) peaked when after 64,40,and 48 cycles,while the sludge-settling performance was good.
引文
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[9]张婷,吴鹏,沈耀良,等. CSTR和MBR反应器的短程硝化快速启动[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3399-3405.Zhang T,Wu P,Shen Y L,et al. Fast start-up of shortcut nitrification in a CSTR and an MBR[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(8):3399-3405.
[10]于德爽,袁梦飞,王晓霞,等.厌氧/好氧SPNDPR系统实现低C/N城市污水同步脱氮除磷的优化运行[J].环境科学,2018,39(11):5065-5073.Yu D S,Yuan M F,Wang X X,et al. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics of an anaerobic/aerobic operated SPNDPR system treating low C/N urban sewage[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(11):5065-5073.
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[12]孙洪伟,吕心涛,魏雪芬,等.游离氨(FA)耦合曝气时间对硝化菌活性的抑制影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1075-1081.Sun H W,LüX T,Wei X F,et al. Synergetic inhibitory effect of free ammonia and aeration phase length control on the activity of nitrifying bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1075-1081.
[13]郭英. SBR生物脱氮过程进水C/N及FA对微生物硝化特性影响试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.Guo Y. Study on the effect of inffluent C/N and FA on the nitrification characteristic of microbial populations in the biological nitrogen removal of sequencing batch reactor[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013.
[14]张立成,党维,徐浩,等. SBR快速实现短程硝化及影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2272-2276.Zhang L C,Dang W,Xu H,et al. Achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in SBR process[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(5):2272-2276.
[15]高春娣,王惟肖,李浩,等. SBR法交替缺氧好氧模式下短程硝化效率的优化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):403-409.Gao C D,Wang W X,Li H,et al. Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):403-409.
[16]刘宏,彭永臻,卢炯元,等.温度对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化及硝化活性的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4656-4663.Liu H,Peng Y Z,Lu J Y,et al. Effects of temperature on shortcut nitrification and nitrification activity of nitrification in an intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4656-4663.
[17]苏东霞,李冬,张肖静,等.曝停时间比对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1152-1158.Su D X,Li D,Zhang X J,et al. Effects of different ratios of aeration time and anaerobic time on shortcut nitrification in the intermittent aeration SBR[J]. China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1152-1158.
[18]高春娣,李浩,焦二龙,等.交替好氧缺氧短程硝化及其特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(1):116-122.Gao C D,Li H,Jiao E L,et al. Alternate oxic-anoxic mode realizing nitritation and its characterization[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(1):116-122.
[19] Kornaros M,Dokianakis S N,Lyberatos G. Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[20] Pan J,Fei H X,Song S Y,et al. Effects of intermittent aeration on pollutants removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,191:327-331.
[21] Fan J L,Zhang J,Guo W S,et al. Enhanced long-term organics and nitrogen removal and associated microbial community in intermittently aerated subsurface flow constructed wetlands[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,214:871-875.
[22] Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al. The sharon process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[23]李冬,陶晓晓,李占,等.常温SBR亚硝化快速启动及优化试验研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1653-1659.Li D,Tao X X,Li Z,et al. Research on the rapid start-up and optimization of parameters for nitrosation at room temperature[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1653-1659.
[24]李亚峰,秦亚敏,谢新立,等.间歇曝气条件下短程硝化的实现及影响因素研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(7):1518-1521.Li Y F,Qin Y M,Xie X L,et al. Study on achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in intermittent aeration[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(7):1518-1521.
[25]杨庆,杨玉兵,杨忠启,等.溶解氧对短程硝化稳定性及功能菌群的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3328-3334.Yang Q,Yang Y B,Yang Z Q,et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the stability and functional microbial communities of the partial nitrification[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3328-3334.
[26]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al. Influence of temperature,pH value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.
[2]刘春,王聪聪,陈晓轩,等.微气泡曝气生物膜反应器处理低C/N比废水脱氮过程[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):754-760.Liu C,Wang C C,Chen X X,et al. Biological nitrogen removal process in a microbubble-aerated biofilm reactor treating low C/N wastewater[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(2):754-760.
[3]付昆明,周厚田,苏雪莹,等.生物膜短程硝化系统的恢复及其转化为CANON工艺的过程[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1536-1543.Fu K M,Zhou H T,Su X Y,et al. Short-cut nitrification recovery and its transformation into CANON process in a biofilm reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1536-1543.
[4]梁东博,卞伟,阚睿哲,等.不同温度下应用比值控制实现连续流好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1713-1719.Liang D B,Bian W,Kan R Z,et al. Achieving partial nitritation in a continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge reactor at different temperatures through ratio control[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1713-1719.
[5] Park S,Bae W,Rittmann B E. Operational boundaries for nitrite accumulation in nitrification based on minimum/maximum substrate concentrations that include effects of oxygen limitation,pH,and free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(1):335-342.
[6] Zekker I,Rikmann E,Tenno T,et al. Modification of nitrifying biofilm into nitritating one by combination of increased free ammonia concentrations, lowered HRT and dissolved oxygen concentration[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(7):1113-1121.
[7] Rathnayake R M L D,Oshiki M,Ishii S,et al. Effects of dissolved oxygen and pH on nitrous oxide production rates in autotrophic partial nitrification granules[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,197:15-22.
[8]卞伟,李军,赵白航,等.硝化污泥中AOB/NOB对硝化特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2395-2401.Bian W,Li J,Zhao B H,et al. The effect of AOB/NOB in nitrifying sludge on nitrification characteristics[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(8):2395-2401.
[9]张婷,吴鹏,沈耀良,等. CSTR和MBR反应器的短程硝化快速启动[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3399-3405.Zhang T,Wu P,Shen Y L,et al. Fast start-up of shortcut nitrification in a CSTR and an MBR[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(8):3399-3405.
[10]于德爽,袁梦飞,王晓霞,等.厌氧/好氧SPNDPR系统实现低C/N城市污水同步脱氮除磷的优化运行[J].环境科学,2018,39(11):5065-5073.Yu D S,Yuan M F,Wang X X,et al. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics of an anaerobic/aerobic operated SPNDPR system treating low C/N urban sewage[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(11):5065-5073.
[11]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12]孙洪伟,吕心涛,魏雪芬,等.游离氨(FA)耦合曝气时间对硝化菌活性的抑制影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1075-1081.Sun H W,LüX T,Wei X F,et al. Synergetic inhibitory effect of free ammonia and aeration phase length control on the activity of nitrifying bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1075-1081.
[13]郭英. SBR生物脱氮过程进水C/N及FA对微生物硝化特性影响试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.Guo Y. Study on the effect of inffluent C/N and FA on the nitrification characteristic of microbial populations in the biological nitrogen removal of sequencing batch reactor[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013.
[14]张立成,党维,徐浩,等. SBR快速实现短程硝化及影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2272-2276.Zhang L C,Dang W,Xu H,et al. Achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in SBR process[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(5):2272-2276.
[15]高春娣,王惟肖,李浩,等. SBR法交替缺氧好氧模式下短程硝化效率的优化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):403-409.Gao C D,Wang W X,Li H,et al. Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):403-409.
[16]刘宏,彭永臻,卢炯元,等.温度对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化及硝化活性的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4656-4663.Liu H,Peng Y Z,Lu J Y,et al. Effects of temperature on shortcut nitrification and nitrification activity of nitrification in an intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4656-4663.
[17]苏东霞,李冬,张肖静,等.曝停时间比对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1152-1158.Su D X,Li D,Zhang X J,et al. Effects of different ratios of aeration time and anaerobic time on shortcut nitrification in the intermittent aeration SBR[J]. China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1152-1158.
[18]高春娣,李浩,焦二龙,等.交替好氧缺氧短程硝化及其特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(1):116-122.Gao C D,Li H,Jiao E L,et al. Alternate oxic-anoxic mode realizing nitritation and its characterization[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(1):116-122.
[19] Kornaros M,Dokianakis S N,Lyberatos G. Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[20] Pan J,Fei H X,Song S Y,et al. Effects of intermittent aeration on pollutants removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,191:327-331.
[21] Fan J L,Zhang J,Guo W S,et al. Enhanced long-term organics and nitrogen removal and associated microbial community in intermittently aerated subsurface flow constructed wetlands[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,214:871-875.
[22] Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al. The sharon process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[23]李冬,陶晓晓,李占,等.常温SBR亚硝化快速启动及优化试验研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1653-1659.Li D,Tao X X,Li Z,et al. Research on the rapid start-up and optimization of parameters for nitrosation at room temperature[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1653-1659.
[24]李亚峰,秦亚敏,谢新立,等.间歇曝气条件下短程硝化的实现及影响因素研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(7):1518-1521.Li Y F,Qin Y M,Xie X L,et al. Study on achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in intermittent aeration[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(7):1518-1521.
[25]杨庆,杨玉兵,杨忠启,等.溶解氧对短程硝化稳定性及功能菌群的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3328-3334.Yang Q,Yang Y B,Yang Z Q,et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the stability and functional microbial communities of the partial nitrification[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3328-3334.
[26]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al. Influence of temperature,pH value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.