华南地区县域耕地质量和产能评价研究——以广东吴川为例
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摘要
科学、准确地进行耕地质量和产能评价是合理利用与切实保护耕地的必要前提和重要依据。基于《耕地质量调查监测评价规范(试用稿)》中推荐指标,采用特尔斐法确定评价指标和权重,运用加权求和法与修正法进行了广东省吴川市的耕地质量和产能评价。结果表明:吴川市耕地质量等别为中等和低等,产能等别为4～10等;耕地质量等别与农用地分等结果中的国家自然等、耕地产能等别与国家利用等在空间分布上均呈一致趋势,等别指数均呈极显著正相关(r=0.506和r=0.320,P<0.001,n=13 094);以蚯蚓数量为依据的生物特性系数修正是导致耕地质量等别整体低于国家自然等的主要原因。经验证,相对于农用地质量分等体系,本研究构建的耕地质量和产能评价体系能够较明显地体现高标准基本农田建设在耕地质量和产能方面的功效,研究成果可为土地整治、耕地占补平衡和基本农田保护等土地管理工作提供科学依据。
It is the necessary prerequisite and important basis for rational utilization and practical protection of cultivated land to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land scientifically and reasonably. Based on the indicators recommended in the "Specification of arable land survey, monitoring and evaluation(trial draft)", the Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation index and weight, the weighted summation method and the correction method were used to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land in Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province. The results indicated that the cultivated land quality grade of Wuchuan City was medium and low, and the cultivated land productivity grade was between 4 and 10; The spatial distribution of the cultivated land quality grade tended to be consistent with those of the national natural quality grade, while the same tendency was between the cultivated land productivity grade and national utilization grade, and their grade indexes also showed a highly significant positive correlation(at r=0.506 and r=0.320, P<0.001,n=13 094).The revision of the biological characteristic coefficient based on the number of earthworm was the main reason which caused the cultivated land quality grade to be lower than the national natural quality grade as a whole. Through the analysis of verification, compared with the system for gradation on agricultural land quality,the evaluation system constructed in this study for cultivated land quality and productivity could clearly reflect the effectiveness of high standard basic farmland construction activities on the quality and productivity of cultivated land, the research results could provide a scientific basis for land management activities such as land remediation, cultivated land occupation and compensation, and basic farmland protection.
It is the necessary prerequisite and important basis for rational utilization and practical protection of cultivated land to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land scientifically and reasonably. Based on the indicators recommended in the "Specification of arable land survey, monitoring and evaluation(trial draft)", the Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation index and weight, the weighted summation method and the correction method were used to evaluate the quality and productivity of cultivated land in Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province. The results indicated that the cultivated land quality grade of Wuchuan City was medium and low, and the cultivated land productivity grade was between 4 and 10; The spatial distribution of the cultivated land quality grade tended to be consistent with those of the national natural quality grade, while the same tendency was between the cultivated land productivity grade and national utilization grade, and their grade indexes also showed a highly significant positive correlation(at r=0.506 and r=0.320, P<0.001,n=13 094).The revision of the biological characteristic coefficient based on the number of earthworm was the main reason which caused the cultivated land quality grade to be lower than the national natural quality grade as a whole. Through the analysis of verification, compared with the system for gradation on agricultural land quality,the evaluation system constructed in this study for cultivated land quality and productivity could clearly reflect the effectiveness of high standard basic farmland construction activities on the quality and productivity of cultivated land, the research results could provide a scientific basis for land management activities such as land remediation, cultivated land occupation and compensation, and basic farmland protection.
引文
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[13]张洁瑕,陈佑启,万利,等.我国土地生产力研究进展与展望[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(3):135-144.ZHANG Jie-xia,CHEN You-qi,WAN Li,et al.Main progress and prospects of land productivity research in China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2009,14(3):135-144.
[14]鲁明星,贺立源,吴礼树.我国耕地地力评价研究进展[J].生态环境,2006,15(4):866-871.LU Ming-xing,HE Li-yuan,WU Li-shu.Fertility evaluation of cultivated land in China:A review[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(4):866-871.
[15]王瑞燕,赵庚星,李涛,等.GIS支持下的耕地地力等级评价[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):307-310.WANG Rui-yan,ZHAO Geng-xing,LI Tao,et al.GIS supported quantitative evaluation of cultivated land fertility[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(1):307-310.
[16]程锋,王洪波,郧文聚.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定[J].中国土地科学,2014,28(2):75-82.CHENG Feng,WANG Hong-bo,YUN Wen-ju.Study on investigation and assessment of cultivated land quality grade in China[J].China Land Science,2014,28(2):75-82.
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[18]杨忠芳,奚小环,成杭新,等.区域生态地球化学评价核心与对策[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):275-284.YANG Zhong-fang,XI Xiao-huan,CHENG Hang-xin,et al.The core and countermeasures of regional ecological geochemical assessment[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(3):275-284.
[19]马建辉,吴克宁,赵华甫,等.我国耕地质量监测指标体系的构建[J].广东农业科学,2012(21):74-78.MA Jian-hui,WU Ke-ning,ZHAO Hua-fu,et al.Construction of cultivated land quality monitoring indicators of China[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012(21):74-78.
[2]王洪波,程锋,张中帆,等.中国耕地等别分异特性及其对耕地保护的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):1-8.WANG Hong-bo,CHENG Feng,ZHANG Zhong-fan,et al.Differential characteristics of cultivated land grade and its effect on cultivated land protection in China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(11):1-8.
[3]马瑞明,马仁会,韩冬梅,等.基于多层级指标的省域耕地质量评价体系构建[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(16):249-257.MA Rui-ming,MA Ren-hui,HAN Dong-mei,et al.Construction of cultivated land quality evaluation system in provincial level based on multilevel indicators[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(16):249-257.
[4]张超,乔敏,郧文聚,等.耕地数量、质量、生态三位一体综合监管体系研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):1-6.ZHANG Chao,QIAO Min,YUN Wen-ju,et al.Trinity comprehensive regulatory system about quantity,quality and ecology of cultivated land[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2017,48(1):1-6.
[5]宇振荣,郧文聚.“山水林田湖”共治共管“三位一体”同护同建[J].中国土地,2017(7):8-11.YU Zhen-rong,YUN Wen-ju."Mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake"co-management,"Trinity"with the same protection[J].China Land,2017(7):8-11.
[6]熊昌盛,韦仕川,栾乔林,等.基于Moran′s I分析方法的耕地质量空间差异研究--以广东省广宁县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2066-2074.XIONG Chang-sheng,WEI Shi-chuan,LUAN Qiao-lin,et al.Spatialpattern disparity and cultivated land quality based on Moran′s I analysis[J].Resources Science.2014,36(10):2066-2074.
[7]李鹏山,杜振博,张超,等.京津冀地区耕地质量等别空间差异分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):150-157.LI Peng-shan,DU Zhen-bo,ZHANG Chao,et al.Space difference analysis of cultivated land quality grade in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2017,48(2):150-157.
[8]杜国明,刘彦随,于凤荣,等.耕地质量观的演变与再认识[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):243-249.DU Guo-ming,LIU Yan-sui,YU Feng-rong,et al.Evolution of concepts of cultivated land quality and recognition[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(14):243-249.
[9]许艳,濮励杰,张润森,等.江苏沿海滩涂围垦耕地质量演变趋势分析[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2032-2046.XU Yan,PU Li-jie,ZHANG Run-sen,et al.Cropland quality evolution following coastal reclamation at the prograding tidal flats of Jiangsu Province,China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(11):2032-2046.
[10]杨建波,王朝晖,邱士可,等.耕地分等因素对粮食产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):306-311.YANG Jian-bo,WANG Zhao-hui,QIU Shi-ke,et al.Influences of farmland classification factors on grain production[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(4):306-311.
[11]周峰,周颖.江苏省锡山市耕地数量、质量变化影响因素分析[J].中国土地科学,2001,15(4):7-10.ZHOU Feng,ZHOU Ying.Analysis of influencing factors on the quantity and quality of cultivated land in Xishan City,Jiangsu Province[J].China Land Science,2001,15(4):7-10.
[12]王国强,郧文聚.土地质量评价研究的简要回顾与展望[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(7):92-97.WANG Guo-qiang,YUN Wen-ju.A briefly review and prospects on the land quality evaluation research[J].China Land Science,2011,25(7):92-97.
[13]张洁瑕,陈佑启,万利,等.我国土地生产力研究进展与展望[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(3):135-144.ZHANG Jie-xia,CHEN You-qi,WAN Li,et al.Main progress and prospects of land productivity research in China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2009,14(3):135-144.
[14]鲁明星,贺立源,吴礼树.我国耕地地力评价研究进展[J].生态环境,2006,15(4):866-871.LU Ming-xing,HE Li-yuan,WU Li-shu.Fertility evaluation of cultivated land in China:A review[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(4):866-871.
[15]王瑞燕,赵庚星,李涛,等.GIS支持下的耕地地力等级评价[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):307-310.WANG Rui-yan,ZHAO Geng-xing,LI Tao,et al.GIS supported quantitative evaluation of cultivated land fertility[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(1):307-310.
[16]程锋,王洪波,郧文聚.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定[J].中国土地科学,2014,28(2):75-82.CHENG Feng,WANG Hong-bo,YUN Wen-ju.Study on investigation and assessment of cultivated land quality grade in China[J].China Land Science,2014,28(2):75-82.
[17]郧文聚,程锋.农用地分等定级的四个应用[J].中国土地,2005(1):44.YUN Wen-ju,CHENG Feng.Four applications of agricultural land classification[J].China Land,2005(1):44.
[18]杨忠芳,奚小环,成杭新,等.区域生态地球化学评价核心与对策[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):275-284.YANG Zhong-fang,XI Xiao-huan,CHENG Hang-xin,et al.The core and countermeasures of regional ecological geochemical assessment[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(3):275-284.
[19]马建辉,吴克宁,赵华甫,等.我国耕地质量监测指标体系的构建[J].广东农业科学,2012(21):74-78.MA Jian-hui,WU Ke-ning,ZHAO Hua-fu,et al.Construction of cultivated land quality monitoring indicators of China[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012(21):74-78.