宁夏中部干旱带土壤肥力综合评价——以同心县为例
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摘要
同心县作为宁夏中部干旱带的核心区域,自第二次土壤普查已经历30年,土壤肥力已发生深刻变化,为明确同心县农田土壤肥力现状,利用2008—2012年同心县测土配方施肥项目的2000份土壤肥力指标数据,采用One-anova统计描述、主成分分析法进行分析,并与第二次土壤普查数据对比。结果表明:与第二次土壤普查结果相比,土壤有机质下降12.2%,全氮下降10.5%,碱解氮含量基本持平,有效磷提高121.4%,速效钾下降4.8%。土壤pH 8.77,与土壤全盐、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾极显著的负相关(P<0.01),全盐为0.30 g/kg,与有效磷呈正相关,但无显著差异,与其他指标呈负相关,有机质为7.08 g/kg,与全氮、速效氮磷钾养分之间有极显著正相关性(P<0.01),全氮为0.57 g/kg,与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量有极显著正相关(P<0.01),碱解氮为36.07 mg/kg,有效磷为14.77 mg/kg,速效钾为170.63 mg/kg,速效氮磷钾之间均呈显著极显著正相关。建议该区域在农业生产过程中选择酸性土壤调理剂降低土壤碱化程度,重视生理酸性肥料的应用,以实现区域农田土壤肥力的提升和养分的平衡供应。
Tongxin County is the core area in the arid region of central Ningxia. 30 years since the 2 ndnational soil investigation, soil fertility has undergone profound changes. To understand the soil fertility characteristics of farmland in Tongxin County, 2000 soil samples were collected from Tongxin County from 2008 to 2012. The soil fertility data of these samples were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis,and compared with the data from the 2 nd national soil investigation. The results showed that compared with the data of the 2 nd national soil investigation, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 12.2%nitrogen remained at the same level. The average pH value of farmland soil was 8.77, showing significantly negative correlations with the content of soil total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(P<0.01). Soil total salt was 0.30 g/kg, showing a positive correlation with available phosphorus without significant difference. However, soil total salt was negatively correlated with other soil indexes. The soil organic matter content was 7.08 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium(P<0.01). Soil total nitrogen content was 0.57 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium(P<0.01). The contents of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 36.07, 14.77 and170.63 mg/kg, respectively, showing significantly positive correlations with each other. It is suggested to use effective methods to increase soil fertility and to balance nutrition supply, such as choosing acid soil conditioner in cultivation to alleviate soil alkalization, emphasizing the application of physiological acid fertilizer.
Tongxin County is the core area in the arid region of central Ningxia. 30 years since the 2 ndnational soil investigation, soil fertility has undergone profound changes. To understand the soil fertility characteristics of farmland in Tongxin County, 2000 soil samples were collected from Tongxin County from 2008 to 2012. The soil fertility data of these samples were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis,and compared with the data from the 2 nd national soil investigation. The results showed that compared with the data of the 2 nd national soil investigation, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 12.2%nitrogen remained at the same level. The average pH value of farmland soil was 8.77, showing significantly negative correlations with the content of soil total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(P<0.01). Soil total salt was 0.30 g/kg, showing a positive correlation with available phosphorus without significant difference. However, soil total salt was negatively correlated with other soil indexes. The soil organic matter content was 7.08 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium(P<0.01). Soil total nitrogen content was 0.57 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium(P<0.01). The contents of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 36.07, 14.77 and170.63 mg/kg, respectively, showing significantly positive correlations with each other. It is suggested to use effective methods to increase soil fertility and to balance nutrition supply, such as choosing acid soil conditioner in cultivation to alleviate soil alkalization, emphasizing the application of physiological acid fertilizer.
引文
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[7]杨新国,曲文杰,宋乃平,等.扬黄灌区开垦时间对土壤剖面有机碳含量和组分变化的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):127-131.
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[13]彭娜,王开峰,谢小立,等.长期有机无机肥配施对稻田土壤基本理化性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2009(2):6-10.
[14]许自成,王林,肖汉乾.湖南烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(4):830-834.
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[16]赵明松,张甘霖,王德彩,等.徐淮黄泛平原土壤有机质空间变异特征及主控因素分析[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):1-11.
[17]张世熔,黄元仿,李保国,等.黄淮海冲积平原区土壤速效磷、钾的时空变异特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):3-8.
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[19]金国柱,马玉兰.宁夏淡灰钙土的开发和利用[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):59-63.
[20]曲潇琳,龙怀玉,谢平,等.宁夏中部地区典型灰钙土的发育特性及系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):75-87.
[21]徐新朋,赵士诚,张云贵,等.吉林省玉米种植区土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1342-1350.
[22]陈留美,吕家珑,桂林国,等.新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):48-51.
[23]王南博,李彩凤,张翼飞,等.氮素形态及p H值交互作用对甜菜产量和含糖率的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(9):1333-1339.
[24]刘世全,张世熔.土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J].土壤,2002,34(5):279-282.
[25]王明,张晴雯,杨正礼,等.宁夏引黄灌区干湿交替过程中土壤pH的动态变化及影响因素[J].核农学报,2014,28(4):720-726.
[26]蒋永前,王世荣,桂林国,等.扬黄灌区新垦地玉米丰产栽培技术[J].作物杂志,2003(1):33-34.
[27] Hu K L, Li H, Li B G. Spatial and temporal patterns of soil organic matter in the urban-rural transition zone of Beijing[J].Geoderma,2007,141(3/4):302-310.
[28] Lal R. Carbon sequestration in drylands[J].Annuls of Arid Zone,2000,39(1):1-10.
[29]李顺江,胡霞,刘连友.开垦对退化沙质草地土壤机械组成及有机碳分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):150-152.
[30]贾科利,张俊华.宁夏中部干旱带土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):62-66.
[31] Rosell R A, Galantini J A, Suňer L G. Long-term crop rotation effect on organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Haplustoll soil fractions[J].Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,2000,14:309-315.
[32]苏永中,赵哈林.农田沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和氮的衰减及其机理研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,2(8):890-897.
[33]张洋洋,鲁剑巍,王友珠,等.钾肥施用方式对直播和移栽水稻产量和钾肥利用效率的影响[J].作物杂志,2016(1):110-114.
[34]孙发国,贺学钊,马晓丽,等.不同氮肥施用量对单种玉米产量的影响试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):106-107.
[35]李世清,李生秀.影响土壤尿素水解速率的一些因子[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1999,5(2):156-162.
[36]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):658-665.
[37]门明新,李新旺,许皞.长期施肥对华北平原潮土作物产量及稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008(8):2339-2346.
[38]谢建昌,周健民.中国土壤钾素研究和钾肥使用的进展[J].土壤,1999,31(5):244-254.
[2]黄晶,蒋先军,曾跃辉,等.稻田土壤肥力评价方法及指标研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):1-8.
[3]雷春英,田长彦.干旱区荒漠新垦土地土壤有机碳含量特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(6):105-110.
[4]徐万里,唐光木,盛建东,等.垦殖对新疆绿洲农田土壤有机碳组分及团聚体稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1773-1779.
[5]陈留美,桂林国,吕家珑,等.应用主成分分析和聚类分析评价不同施肥处理条件下新垦淡灰钙土土壤肥力质量[J].土壤,2008,40(6):971-975.
[6]曲文杰,宋乃平,杨新国.扬黄灌区土壤质量早期变化的综合评价与分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):273-278.
[7]杨新国,曲文杰,宋乃平,等.扬黄灌区开垦时间对土壤剖面有机碳含量和组分变化的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):127-131.
[8]高祥照,马常宝,杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:1-7,14-20.
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:30-107.
[10]黄安,杨联安,杜挺,等.基于主成分分析的土壤养分综合评价[J].干旱区研究,2014,1(5):819-825.
[11]赵华富,周国兰,刘晓霞,等.贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):30-34.
[12] Aciego P J C, Brookes P C. Relationships between soil pH andmicrobial properties in a UK arable soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40:1856-1861.
[13]彭娜,王开峰,谢小立,等.长期有机无机肥配施对稻田土壤基本理化性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2009(2):6-10.
[14]许自成,王林,肖汉乾.湖南烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(4):830-834.
[15]焉莉,王寅,冯国忠,等.吉林省农田土壤肥力现状及变化特征[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23):4800-4810.
[16]赵明松,张甘霖,王德彩,等.徐淮黄泛平原土壤有机质空间变异特征及主控因素分析[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):1-11.
[17]张世熔,黄元仿,李保国,等.黄淮海冲积平原区土壤速效磷、钾的时空变异特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):3-8.
[18]许明祥,刘国彬,赵允格.黄土丘陵区土壤质量评价指标研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1843-1848.
[19]金国柱,马玉兰.宁夏淡灰钙土的开发和利用[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):59-63.
[20]曲潇琳,龙怀玉,谢平,等.宁夏中部地区典型灰钙土的发育特性及系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):75-87.
[21]徐新朋,赵士诚,张云贵,等.吉林省玉米种植区土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1342-1350.
[22]陈留美,吕家珑,桂林国,等.新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):48-51.
[23]王南博,李彩凤,张翼飞,等.氮素形态及p H值交互作用对甜菜产量和含糖率的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(9):1333-1339.
[24]刘世全,张世熔.土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J].土壤,2002,34(5):279-282.
[25]王明,张晴雯,杨正礼,等.宁夏引黄灌区干湿交替过程中土壤pH的动态变化及影响因素[J].核农学报,2014,28(4):720-726.
[26]蒋永前,王世荣,桂林国,等.扬黄灌区新垦地玉米丰产栽培技术[J].作物杂志,2003(1):33-34.
[27] Hu K L, Li H, Li B G. Spatial and temporal patterns of soil organic matter in the urban-rural transition zone of Beijing[J].Geoderma,2007,141(3/4):302-310.
[28] Lal R. Carbon sequestration in drylands[J].Annuls of Arid Zone,2000,39(1):1-10.
[29]李顺江,胡霞,刘连友.开垦对退化沙质草地土壤机械组成及有机碳分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):150-152.
[30]贾科利,张俊华.宁夏中部干旱带土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):62-66.
[31] Rosell R A, Galantini J A, Suňer L G. Long-term crop rotation effect on organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Haplustoll soil fractions[J].Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,2000,14:309-315.
[32]苏永中,赵哈林.农田沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和氮的衰减及其机理研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,2(8):890-897.
[33]张洋洋,鲁剑巍,王友珠,等.钾肥施用方式对直播和移栽水稻产量和钾肥利用效率的影响[J].作物杂志,2016(1):110-114.
[34]孙发国,贺学钊,马晓丽,等.不同氮肥施用量对单种玉米产量的影响试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):106-107.
[35]李世清,李生秀.影响土壤尿素水解速率的一些因子[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1999,5(2):156-162.
[36]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):658-665.
[37]门明新,李新旺,许皞.长期施肥对华北平原潮土作物产量及稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008(8):2339-2346.
[38]谢建昌,周健民.中国土壤钾素研究和钾肥使用的进展[J].土壤,1999,31(5):244-254.