国际行星保护发展综述
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摘要
首先介绍了行星保护的定义,然后回顾了国际行星保护政策的提出和演化过程,给出了当前国际行星保护政策针对不同目标和任务形式的最新要求,简要介绍了美、欧、日、俄和印度等世界各主要航天国家/机构在行星保护方面的管理制度和实施情况等发展现状,对行星保护实施过程中的主要技术途径进行了分析,最后介绍了行星保护领域的最新进展,并提出了思考和建议。
In this paper,the definition of planetary protection and the development of international planetary protection policy are introduced. The latest requirements are updated based on different mission categories. The organizations in ESA,NASA and JAXA involving to the management and supervision of planetary protection are briefly introduced. The main technical roadmap of planetary protection is analyzed.
In this paper,the definition of planetary protection and the development of international planetary protection policy are introduced. The latest requirements are updated based on different mission categories. The organizations in ESA,NASA and JAXA involving to the management and supervision of planetary protection are briefly introduced. The main technical roadmap of planetary protection is analyzed.
引文
[1]EHRENFREUND P,RUMMEL J,PETER N.COSPAR workshop on planetary protection for outer planet satellites and small solar system bodies[C]//38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly.Bremen,Germany:[s.n.],July 18-15,2010.
[2]NADINE G B.Mars:an introduction to its interior,surface and atmosphere[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2014.
[3]COSPAR.The COSPAR workshop,planetary protection policy[R].Houston,Texas:World Space Council,2011.
[4]United Nations.RES 2222(XXI)-1967,the treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space,including the Moon and other celestial bodies[S].USA:United Nations,1967.
[5]COSPAR咨询委员会.行星检疫要求,COSPAR Information Bulletin No.20 1964,p.25-26[R].[S.l.]:COSPAR,1964.
[6]KMINEK G,CONLEY C,HIPKIN V,et al.COSPARRo planetary protection policy[J].Space Res Today,2017,200:12-25.
[7]MELTZER M.When biospheres collide:a history of NASA’s planetary protection programs[M].Washington,DC,USA:NASA,2011.
[8]KAZARIANS G A,BENARDINI J N,STRICKER M C,et al.The Evolution of planetary protection implementation on Mars landed missions[C]//IEEE Aerospace Conference.Montana,USA:[s.n.],2017.
[9]BARENGOLTZ J,WITTE J.Planetary protection implementation on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission[J].Adv Sp Res,2008,42(6):1108-1119.
[10]DOUGLAS E B,ROBERT D A,JENNIE R J,et al.Europa planetary protection for Juno Jupiter orbiter[J].Adv Space Res,2013,52(3):547-568.
[11]NASA.NPR 8020.12D-2011,Planetary protection provisions for robotic extraterrestrial missions[S].USA:NASA.
[12]NASA.Planetary protection[Z].USA:NASA,https://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/.
[13]DEBUS A.The European standard on planetary protection requirements[J].Res Microbiol,2006,157(1):13-8.
[14]PILLINGER J M,PILLINGER C T,SANCISIFREY S,et al.The microbiology of spacecraft hardware:lessons learned from the planetary protection activities on the Beagle 2 spacecraft[J].Res Microbiol,2006,157(1):19-24.
[15]BEAUCHAMP P,BELZ A.Assessment of planetary protection and contamination control technologies for future planetary science missions[C]//39th COSPAR Scientific Assembly.Mysore,India:[s.n.],2012.
[16]HARRISON J P,GHEERAERT N,TSIGELNITSKIY D,et al.The limits for life under multiple extremes[J].Trends Microbiol,2013,21(4):204-212.
[17]MOISSL-EICHINGER C,COCKELL C,RETTBERG P.Venturing into new realms?microorganisms in space[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2016,40(5):722-37.
[18]HENRICKSON,R,LUNDGREN,P,MOHAN,G B M,et al.Comprehensive measurement of microbial burden in nutrient-deprived cleanrooms[C]//47th International Conference on Environmental Systems.Charleston,South Carolina:[s.n.],2017.
[19]HUGERTH L W,ANDERSSON A F.Analysing microbial community composition through amplicon sequencing:from sampling to hypothesis testing[J].Front Microbiol,2017(8):1561.
[20]ESA.ECSS-Q-ST-70-57C-2013,Dry heat bioburden reduction for flight hardware[S].[S.l.]:ESA,2013.
[21]POTTAGE T,MACKEN S,GIRI K,et al.Low-temperature decontamination with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide for space applications[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2012,78(12):4169-4174.
[22]CORLISS W R.The Viking mission to Mars,NASA SP-334[R].Washington,DC:NASA,1974.
[23]BONITZ R G,SHIRAISHI L R,MATTHEW A,et al.NASA Mars2007 phoenix lander robotic arm and icy soil acquisition device[J].J.Geophys Res,2008,113:E00A01.
[24]National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM).Review and assessment of planetary protection policy development processes[M].Washington,DC:The National Academies Press,2018.
[2]NADINE G B.Mars:an introduction to its interior,surface and atmosphere[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2014.
[3]COSPAR.The COSPAR workshop,planetary protection policy[R].Houston,Texas:World Space Council,2011.
[4]United Nations.RES 2222(XXI)-1967,the treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space,including the Moon and other celestial bodies[S].USA:United Nations,1967.
[5]COSPAR咨询委员会.行星检疫要求,COSPAR Information Bulletin No.20 1964,p.25-26[R].[S.l.]:COSPAR,1964.
[6]KMINEK G,CONLEY C,HIPKIN V,et al.COSPARRo planetary protection policy[J].Space Res Today,2017,200:12-25.
[7]MELTZER M.When biospheres collide:a history of NASA’s planetary protection programs[M].Washington,DC,USA:NASA,2011.
[8]KAZARIANS G A,BENARDINI J N,STRICKER M C,et al.The Evolution of planetary protection implementation on Mars landed missions[C]//IEEE Aerospace Conference.Montana,USA:[s.n.],2017.
[9]BARENGOLTZ J,WITTE J.Planetary protection implementation on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission[J].Adv Sp Res,2008,42(6):1108-1119.
[10]DOUGLAS E B,ROBERT D A,JENNIE R J,et al.Europa planetary protection for Juno Jupiter orbiter[J].Adv Space Res,2013,52(3):547-568.
[11]NASA.NPR 8020.12D-2011,Planetary protection provisions for robotic extraterrestrial missions[S].USA:NASA.
[12]NASA.Planetary protection[Z].USA:NASA,https://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/.
[13]DEBUS A.The European standard on planetary protection requirements[J].Res Microbiol,2006,157(1):13-8.
[14]PILLINGER J M,PILLINGER C T,SANCISIFREY S,et al.The microbiology of spacecraft hardware:lessons learned from the planetary protection activities on the Beagle 2 spacecraft[J].Res Microbiol,2006,157(1):19-24.
[15]BEAUCHAMP P,BELZ A.Assessment of planetary protection and contamination control technologies for future planetary science missions[C]//39th COSPAR Scientific Assembly.Mysore,India:[s.n.],2012.
[16]HARRISON J P,GHEERAERT N,TSIGELNITSKIY D,et al.The limits for life under multiple extremes[J].Trends Microbiol,2013,21(4):204-212.
[17]MOISSL-EICHINGER C,COCKELL C,RETTBERG P.Venturing into new realms?microorganisms in space[J].FEMS Microbiol Rev,2016,40(5):722-37.
[18]HENRICKSON,R,LUNDGREN,P,MOHAN,G B M,et al.Comprehensive measurement of microbial burden in nutrient-deprived cleanrooms[C]//47th International Conference on Environmental Systems.Charleston,South Carolina:[s.n.],2017.
[19]HUGERTH L W,ANDERSSON A F.Analysing microbial community composition through amplicon sequencing:from sampling to hypothesis testing[J].Front Microbiol,2017(8):1561.
[20]ESA.ECSS-Q-ST-70-57C-2013,Dry heat bioburden reduction for flight hardware[S].[S.l.]:ESA,2013.
[21]POTTAGE T,MACKEN S,GIRI K,et al.Low-temperature decontamination with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide for space applications[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2012,78(12):4169-4174.
[22]CORLISS W R.The Viking mission to Mars,NASA SP-334[R].Washington,DC:NASA,1974.
[23]BONITZ R G,SHIRAISHI L R,MATTHEW A,et al.NASA Mars2007 phoenix lander robotic arm and icy soil acquisition device[J].J.Geophys Res,2008,113:E00A01.
[24]National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM).Review and assessment of planetary protection policy development processes[M].Washington,DC:The National Academies Press,2018.