Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment of Collapses and Landslides in the Riparian Zone of the Xiaowan Reservoir
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摘要
The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.
The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.
The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.
引文
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Babanouri N,Dehghani H,2017.Investigating a potential reservoir landslide and suggesting its treatment using limit-equilibrium and numerical methods.Journal of Mountain Science,14(3):432-441.doi:10.1007/s11629-016-3898-2
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Chai Zongxin,1996.Bank erosion and control.Jurnal of Catastrophology,11(3):27-31.(in Chinese)
Chang X L,Liu X H,Zhou W,2010.Hydropower in China at present and its further development.Energy,35(11):4400-4406.doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.051
Chen T,Niu R Q,Du B et al.,2015a.Landslide spatial susceptibility mapping by using GIS and remote sensing techniques:a case study in Zigui County,the Three Georges reservoir,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,73(9):5571-5583.doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3811-7
Chen Weidong,Yin Yunkun,Zhu Tingxing,2015b.Discussion on reservoir bank management of Xiaowan hydropower station.Water Power,41(10):12-14.(in Chinese)
Chen Z,Han F,Chen Z et al.,2015c.Final Acceptance Report of the Environmental Protection after the Completion of Xiaowan Hydropower station on Lancang River.Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of Ministry of environmental protection of the People’s Republic of China.(in Chinese)
Chen T,Niu R Q,Jia X P,2016.A comparison of information value and logistic regression models in landslide susceptibility mapping by using GIS.Environmental Earth Sciences,75:867.doi:10.1007/s12665-016-5317-y
Cyberski J,1973.Erosion of banks of storage reservoirs in Poland.Hydrological Sciences Bulletin,18(3):317-320.doi:10.1080/02626667309494042
Dai F C,Lee C F,2002.Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS,Lantau Island,Hong Kong.Geomorphology,42(3-4):213-228.doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00087-3
Du G L,Zhang Y S,Iqbal J et al.,2017.Landslide susceptibility mapping using an integrated model of information value method and logistic regression in the Bailongjiang watershed,Gansu Province,China.Journal of Mountain Science,14(2):249-268.doi:10.1007/s11629-016-4126-9
Duan X W,Gu Z J,Li Y G et al.,2016.The spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall erosivity in Yunnan Province,southwest China:An analysis of empirical orthogonal functions.Global and Planetary Change,144:82-93.doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.07.011
Fu B J,Wu B F,Lu Y H et al.,2010.Three gorges project:efforts and challenges for the environment.Progress in Physical Geography,34(6):741-754.doi:10.1177/0309133310370286
Fujita H,1977.Influence of water level fluctuations in a reservoir on slope stability.Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology-Bulletin de l’Association Internationale de Géologie de l’Ingénieur,16(1):170-173.doi:10.1007/BF02591474
Guo C,Montgomery D R,Zhang Y et al.,2015.Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility along the Xianshuihe fault zone,Tibetan Plateau,China.Geomorphology,248:93-110.doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.012
Huang B L,Yin Y P,Liu G N et al.,2012.Analysis of waves generated by Gongjiafang landslide in Wu Gorge,three Gorges reservoir,on November 23,2008.Landslides,9(3):395-405.doi:10.1007/s10346-012-0331-y
Iverson R M,2000.Landslide triggering by rain infiltration.Water Resources Research,36(7):1897-1910.doi:10.1029/2000WR900090
Jia G W,Zhan T L T,Chen Y M et al.,2009.Performance of a large-scale slope model subjected to rising and lowering water levels.Engineering Geology,106(1-2):92-103.doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.03.003
Jiang Q H,Wei W,Xie N et al.,2016.Stability analysis and treatment of a reservoir landslide under impounding conditions:a case study.Environmental Earth Sciences,75:2.doi:10.1007/S12665-015-4790-Z
Johansson J,Edesk?r T,2014.Effects of external water-level fluctuations on slope stability.The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,19:2437-2463.
Kaczmarek H,Mazaeva O A,Kozyreva E A et al.,2016.Impact of large water level fluctuations on geomorphological processes and their interactions in the shore zone of a dam reservoir.Journal of Great Lakes Research,42(5):926-941.doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.024
Lee S,Pradhan B,2006.Probabilistic landslide hazards and risk mapping on Penang Island,Malaysia.Journal of Earth System Science,115(6):661-672.doi:10.1007/s12040-006-0004-0
Lee S,Sambath T,2006.Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Damrei Romel area,Cambodia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models.Environmental Geology,50(6):847-855.doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0256-7
Li H,2012.Bank Slope Risk Assessment on The Reservoir Region of Xiaowan Reservoir Based on RS and GIS.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,Chendgu.(in Chinese)
Li Pengyue,2011.Study on Bank Collapse’s Type and Mechanism in Mountain Reservoir-A Case of Xianwan Reservoir.Chendgu:Chengdu University of Technology.(in Chinese)
Li K F,Zhu C,Wu L et al.,2013.Problems caused by the three gorges dam construction in the Yangtze River basin:a review.Environmental Reviews,21(3):127-135.doi:10.1139/Er-2012-0051
Liao Hongjian,Sheng Qian,Gao Shihang et al.,2005.Influence of drawdown of reservoir water level on landslide stability.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(19):3454-3458.(in Chinese)
Liu Y.,Huang R,and Deng H,2011.Stability of Xinminbazi Landslide Located in Xiaowan Hydropower Station Reservoir Region,Journal of Mountain Science,29(3):328-336.
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