基于结构方程模型的农户生态补偿参与意愿影响因素研究——以宁夏盐池县为例
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摘要
农户参与意愿是影响生态补偿的重要因素,为了探索农户生态补偿参与意愿的影响因素及其重要程度,寻找提高生态补偿实施绩效的对策措施,以宁夏盐池县为例进行研究。盐池县地处我国北方农牧交错生态脆弱带,承担着区域重要生态系统服务功能,在此背景下选取8个典型乡镇、26个行政村调研,基于279份农户调查数据,构建结构方程模型,分析盐池县农户生态补偿参与意愿的影响因素。结果表明:(1)农户家庭特征正向影响生态补偿参与意愿,它还通过自然资本拥有量、环境感知及政策认知,继而间接影响生态补偿参与意愿。(2)自然资本拥有量对生态补偿参与意愿产生直接显著的负向影响。(3)环境感知直接影响农户生态补偿参与意愿,且影响效应最小。(4)政策认知直接正向影响农户生态补偿参与意愿,且影响效应最大。最后,基于影响盐池县农户生态补偿参与意愿的关键因素,提出了完善生态补偿机制的对策建议。
Farmers' willingness is an important factor that affects ecological compensation.In order to explore the influencing factors and importance of farmers' willingness to participate in ecological compensation and find countermeasures to improve the performance of ecological compensation implementation,Yanchi County in Ningxia Province,China was taken as an example.Yanchi County is located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern China and is responsible for the important ecosystem service function in the region.This study chose eight typical villages and towns and 26 administrative villages to gain research data from farmers.Based on survey data from 279 households,the paper used the structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to participate in ecological compensation.The results show as follows:(1) the farmer's household characteristics directly and positively affected the willingness to participate in ecological compensation.In addition,it indirectly affected the willingness to participate in ecological compensation through the amount of natural capital,environmental awareness and policy cognition.(2) The amount of natural capital had direct and significantly negative impact on the willingness.(3) The environmental perception directly affected farmers' willingness and the effect is least.(4) The policy cognition had directly and positively influence on farmers' willingness,and the effect is the greatest.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out education and training to improve farmers' cognitive level and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project.At the same time,it will increase farmers' right to be informed and their participation right,promote the third-party evaluation mechanism,and protect farmers' core interests.Giving full play to the leading role of the local government,guiding the farmers to set a reasonable expectation of ecological compensation and to hold right values of environmental protection can help achieve the "win-win" goal of environmental protection and economic development.
Farmers' willingness is an important factor that affects ecological compensation.In order to explore the influencing factors and importance of farmers' willingness to participate in ecological compensation and find countermeasures to improve the performance of ecological compensation implementation,Yanchi County in Ningxia Province,China was taken as an example.Yanchi County is located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern China and is responsible for the important ecosystem service function in the region.This study chose eight typical villages and towns and 26 administrative villages to gain research data from farmers.Based on survey data from 279 households,the paper used the structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to participate in ecological compensation.The results show as follows:(1) the farmer's household characteristics directly and positively affected the willingness to participate in ecological compensation.In addition,it indirectly affected the willingness to participate in ecological compensation through the amount of natural capital,environmental awareness and policy cognition.(2) The amount of natural capital had direct and significantly negative impact on the willingness.(3) The environmental perception directly affected farmers' willingness and the effect is least.(4) The policy cognition had directly and positively influence on farmers' willingness,and the effect is the greatest.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out education and training to improve farmers' cognitive level and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project.At the same time,it will increase farmers' right to be informed and their participation right,promote the third-party evaluation mechanism,and protect farmers' core interests.Giving full play to the leading role of the local government,guiding the farmers to set a reasonable expectation of ecological compensation and to hold right values of environmental protection can help achieve the "win-win" goal of environmental protection and economic development.
引文
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[11] MZOUGHI N.Farmers adoption of integrated crop protection and organic farming:Do moral and social concerns matter[J].Ecology Economics,2011,70(8):1536-1545.
[12] 王昌海,崔丽娟,毛旭锋,等.湿地保护区周边农户生态补偿意愿比较[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5345-5354.[WANG Changhai,CUI Lijuan,MAO Xufeng,et al.Comparative studies on the farmers’ willingness to accept eco-compensation in wetlands nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(17):5345-5354.]
[13] 刘振虎,郑玉铜.新疆牧民参与草原生态补偿意愿分析——以新疆和静县、沙湾县为例[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1212-1215.[ LIU Zenhu,ZHENG Yutong.Analysis of herdsmen willingness to accept grassland ecosystem compensation in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(6):1212-1215.]
[14] 张文娟,哈斯巴根.农牧民参与草原碳汇项目意愿的影响因素分析——以锡林郭勒草原牧区调查数据为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):19-24.[ZHANG Wenjuan,HA Sibagen.Factors influencing the farmers and herdsmen household’s willingness to participate in the grassland carbon sink project:Based on the survey of farmers and herdsmen in the Xilin Gol Grassland Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(6):19-24.]
[15] ZBINDENM S R,LEE D.Paying for Environmental Services:An analysis of participation in Costa Rica’s PSA Program[J].World Development,2005,33(2):255-272.
[16] WUNSCHER T,ENGEL S,WUNDER S.Determinants of participation in payments for ecosystem service scheme[J].Tropentag,2010,(9):14-16.
[17] KELLEY H,VAN RENSBURG T M,YADAV L.A micro-simulation evaluation of the effectiveness of an Irish grass roots agri-environmental scheme[J].Land Use Policy,2013,31:182-195.
[18] 赵雪雁,路慧玲,刘霜.甘南黄河水源补给区生态补偿农户参与意愿分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,2012,22(4):96-101.[ZHAO Xueyan,LU Huiling,LIU Shuang.Analysis on farmers’ willingness to participate in ecological compensation:A case of the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan[J].China population Resources and Environment,2012,22(4):96-101.]
[19] 李玉新,魏同洋,靳乐山.牧民对草原生态补偿政策评价及其影响因素研究——以内蒙古四子王旗为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2442-2450.[LI Yuxin,WEI Tongyang,QI Leshan.Herdspeople attitudes towards grassland eco-compensation policies in Siziwang Banner Inner Mongolia[J].Resources Science,2014,36(11):2442-2450.]
[20] 李皓,张克斌,杨晓晖,等.密云水库流域“稻改旱”生态补偿农户参与意愿分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6953-6962.[LI Hao,ZHANG Kebin,YANG Xiaohui,et al.Choice experiment modeling of rural households’ willingness to participate in the Miyun reservoir catchment’s paddy land-to-dry land program[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(20):6953-6962.]
[21] 杨兴柱,陆林,王群.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及应用[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):928-940.[YANG Xingzhu,LU Lin,WANG Qun.Peasants participation in tourism decision-making behavior structural model and its application[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(6):928-940.]
[22] BOLLEN K A.Structural equations with latent variables[M].New York:Wiley,1989.
[23] MOHAPATRA R.Farmers’ education and profit efficiency in sugarcane production:A stochastic frontier profit function approach[J].The IUP Journal of Agricultural Economics,2011,8(2):18-31.
[24] 邱浩政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012:86-90.[QIU Haozheng,LIN Bifang.Principle and application of structural equation model[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2012:86-90.]
[25] 黄志刚,陈晓楠,李健瑜.生态移民政策对农户收入影响机理研究——基于形成型指标的结构方程模型分析[J].资源科学,2018,40(2):439-451.[HANG Zhigang,CHEN Xiaonan,LI Jianyu.Research on the impact mechanism of ecological migration policy on rural household income based on the structural equation model with formative indicators[J].Resources Science,2018,40(2):439-451.]
[26] 李琪,王兴杰,王爱萍,等.农牧业生态补偿的国际比较及其借鉴[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(6):1-10.[LI Qi,WANG Xingjie,WANG Aiping,et al.Comparative study of international farming and animal husbandry ecological compensation and its implications[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(6):1-10.]
[27] 姚柳杨,赵敏娟,徐涛.经济理性还是生态理性?农户耕地保护的行为逻辑研究[J].南京农业大学学报( 社会科学版) ,2016,16(5):86-95,156.[YAO Liuyang,ZHAO Minjuan,XU Tao.Economic rationality or ecological literacy?Logic of peasant households’ soil conservation practices[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2016,16(5):86-95,156.]
[28] 张文彬,李国平.生态补偿、心理因素与居民生态保护意愿和行为研究——以秦巴生态功能区为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):881-892.[ZHANG Wenbin,LI Guoping.Ecological compensation,psychological factors,willingness and behavior of ecological protection in the Qinba ecological function area[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):881-892.]
[29] 时立文.SPSS19.0 统计分析入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012:301-314.[SHI Liwen.Introduction to SPSS19.0 statistical analysis to master[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2012:301-314.]
[30] 吴林海,侯博,高申荣.基于结构方程模型的分散农户农药残留认知与主要影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2011,(3):35-46.[WU Linhai,HOU Bo,GAO Shenrong.Recognition of pesticide residues in dispersed farmers and analysis of main influencing factors based on structural equation model[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011,(3):35-46.]
[2] 刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道.1987—2012年中国生态补偿研究进展及趋势[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(12):1780-1792.[LIU Chunla,LIU Weidong,LU Dadao.Progress and development tendency of research on eco-compensationin China during 1987—2012[J].Progress in Geography,2013,32(12):1780-1792.]
[3] TACCONI L.Redefining payments for environmental services[J].Ecological Economics,2012,73(15):29-36.
[4] MAHANTY S,SUICH H,TACCONI L.Access and benefits in payments for environmental services and implications frorn REDD+Lessons from seven PES schemes[J].Land Use Policy,2013,31:38-47.
[5] 苏芳,尚海洋,聂华林.农户参与生态补偿行为意愿影响因素分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,2011,21(4):119-125.[SU Fang,SHANG Haiyang,NIE Hualin.Analysis of influencing factors to farming households’ willingness to participate in ecological compensation[J].China population Resources and Environment,2011,21(4):119-125.]
[6] YEBOAHA F K,LUPIB F.KAPLOWITZ M D.Agricultural landowners’ willingness to participate in afilter strip program for watershed protection[J].Land Use Policy,2015 49:75-85.
[7] PAGIOLA S,RIOS A R,ARCENAS A.Poor household participation in payments for environment strives:Lessons from the silvopastoral project in Quindio,Colombia[J].Environment and Resource Economics,2010,47(3):371-394.
[8] CHANG H H,LAMBERT D M,MISHRA A K.Does participation in the conservation reserve program impact the economic well-being of farm households[J].Agricultural Economics,2008,38(2):201-212.
[9] REIMER A P,GRAMIG B M,PROKOPY L S.Farmers and conservation programs:Explaining differences in environmental quality incentives program applications between states[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,68(2):110-119.
[10] KWAYU E J,SALLU S M,PAAVOLA J.Farmer participation in the equitable payments for watershed services in Morogoro,Tanzania[J].Ecosystem Services,2014,7:1-9.
[11] MZOUGHI N.Farmers adoption of integrated crop protection and organic farming:Do moral and social concerns matter[J].Ecology Economics,2011,70(8):1536-1545.
[12] 王昌海,崔丽娟,毛旭锋,等.湿地保护区周边农户生态补偿意愿比较[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5345-5354.[WANG Changhai,CUI Lijuan,MAO Xufeng,et al.Comparative studies on the farmers’ willingness to accept eco-compensation in wetlands nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(17):5345-5354.]
[13] 刘振虎,郑玉铜.新疆牧民参与草原生态补偿意愿分析——以新疆和静县、沙湾县为例[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1212-1215.[ LIU Zenhu,ZHENG Yutong.Analysis of herdsmen willingness to accept grassland ecosystem compensation in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(6):1212-1215.]
[14] 张文娟,哈斯巴根.农牧民参与草原碳汇项目意愿的影响因素分析——以锡林郭勒草原牧区调查数据为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):19-24.[ZHANG Wenjuan,HA Sibagen.Factors influencing the farmers and herdsmen household’s willingness to participate in the grassland carbon sink project:Based on the survey of farmers and herdsmen in the Xilin Gol Grassland Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(6):19-24.]
[15] ZBINDENM S R,LEE D.Paying for Environmental Services:An analysis of participation in Costa Rica’s PSA Program[J].World Development,2005,33(2):255-272.
[16] WUNSCHER T,ENGEL S,WUNDER S.Determinants of participation in payments for ecosystem service scheme[J].Tropentag,2010,(9):14-16.
[17] KELLEY H,VAN RENSBURG T M,YADAV L.A micro-simulation evaluation of the effectiveness of an Irish grass roots agri-environmental scheme[J].Land Use Policy,2013,31:182-195.
[18] 赵雪雁,路慧玲,刘霜.甘南黄河水源补给区生态补偿农户参与意愿分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,2012,22(4):96-101.[ZHAO Xueyan,LU Huiling,LIU Shuang.Analysis on farmers’ willingness to participate in ecological compensation:A case of the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan[J].China population Resources and Environment,2012,22(4):96-101.]
[19] 李玉新,魏同洋,靳乐山.牧民对草原生态补偿政策评价及其影响因素研究——以内蒙古四子王旗为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2442-2450.[LI Yuxin,WEI Tongyang,QI Leshan.Herdspeople attitudes towards grassland eco-compensation policies in Siziwang Banner Inner Mongolia[J].Resources Science,2014,36(11):2442-2450.]
[20] 李皓,张克斌,杨晓晖,等.密云水库流域“稻改旱”生态补偿农户参与意愿分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6953-6962.[LI Hao,ZHANG Kebin,YANG Xiaohui,et al.Choice experiment modeling of rural households’ willingness to participate in the Miyun reservoir catchment’s paddy land-to-dry land program[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(20):6953-6962.]
[21] 杨兴柱,陆林,王群.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及应用[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):928-940.[YANG Xingzhu,LU Lin,WANG Qun.Peasants participation in tourism decision-making behavior structural model and its application[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(6):928-940.]
[22] BOLLEN K A.Structural equations with latent variables[M].New York:Wiley,1989.
[23] MOHAPATRA R.Farmers’ education and profit efficiency in sugarcane production:A stochastic frontier profit function approach[J].The IUP Journal of Agricultural Economics,2011,8(2):18-31.
[24] 邱浩政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012:86-90.[QIU Haozheng,LIN Bifang.Principle and application of structural equation model[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2012:86-90.]
[25] 黄志刚,陈晓楠,李健瑜.生态移民政策对农户收入影响机理研究——基于形成型指标的结构方程模型分析[J].资源科学,2018,40(2):439-451.[HANG Zhigang,CHEN Xiaonan,LI Jianyu.Research on the impact mechanism of ecological migration policy on rural household income based on the structural equation model with formative indicators[J].Resources Science,2018,40(2):439-451.]
[26] 李琪,王兴杰,王爱萍,等.农牧业生态补偿的国际比较及其借鉴[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(6):1-10.[LI Qi,WANG Xingjie,WANG Aiping,et al.Comparative study of international farming and animal husbandry ecological compensation and its implications[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(6):1-10.]
[27] 姚柳杨,赵敏娟,徐涛.经济理性还是生态理性?农户耕地保护的行为逻辑研究[J].南京农业大学学报( 社会科学版) ,2016,16(5):86-95,156.[YAO Liuyang,ZHAO Minjuan,XU Tao.Economic rationality or ecological literacy?Logic of peasant households’ soil conservation practices[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2016,16(5):86-95,156.]
[28] 张文彬,李国平.生态补偿、心理因素与居民生态保护意愿和行为研究——以秦巴生态功能区为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):881-892.[ZHANG Wenbin,LI Guoping.Ecological compensation,psychological factors,willingness and behavior of ecological protection in the Qinba ecological function area[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):881-892.]
[29] 时立文.SPSS19.0 统计分析入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012:301-314.[SHI Liwen.Introduction to SPSS19.0 statistical analysis to master[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2012:301-314.]
[30] 吴林海,侯博,高申荣.基于结构方程模型的分散农户农药残留认知与主要影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2011,(3):35-46.[WU Linhai,HOU Bo,GAO Shenrong.Recognition of pesticide residues in dispersed farmers and analysis of main influencing factors based on structural equation model[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011,(3):35-46.]