水稻种植对吉林省西部苏打盐碱土改良培肥效果
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摘要
通过田间调查取样和室内分析,研究了水稻种植(5～30年)对吉林省西部苏打盐碱土的改良和培肥效果。结果表明:与种稻前的荒地土壤相比,种稻后土壤的pH、全盐量、交换性钠、碱化度、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-、Cl~-、Ca~(2+)、Na~+和<0.053 mm粉黏粒含量显著降低,而SO_4~(2-)、总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、胡敏酸碳、富里酸碳、碱解氮和2～0.25 mm大团聚体含量显著增加;同时,有机碳组成中的烷基碳和烷氧碳含量增加,而芳香碳和羰基碳含量降低,脂族碳/芳香碳比值增加,而烷基碳/烷氧碳和疏水碳/亲水碳比值降低;随种稻年限的延长,以上变化规律通常表现的更为明显。上述结果表明,种稻不仅能够降低土壤碱性和盐分含量,而且有助于提高土壤有机碳的含量和品质,以及改善土壤结构性,因此是改良和培肥苏打盐碱土的有效方式。
The ameliorative effects of rice cultivation(5 ～ 30 years) on soda saline-alkali soil in western Jilin Province of northeast China were studied through field survey and laboratory analysis. The results showed that compared with the virgin soil before cultivating rice, the pH value and the contents of total salt, exchangeable sodium, alkalization degree, the contents of CO_3~(2-), HCO_3~-, Cl~-, Ca~(2+), Na~+ and silt plus clay(<0.053 mm) fractions of soil decreased significantly after rice planting, while the contents of SO_4~(2-), total organic carbon, water soluble organic carbon, humic acid carbon, fulvic acid carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and large aggregates(2 ～ 0.25 mm) in soil increased significantly. At the same time, the contents of alkyl carbon and alkoxycarbon in organic carbon increased whereas those of aromatic carbon and carbonyl carbon decreased in soil, resulting in an increase of the ratio of aliphatic carbon/aromatic carbon and a decrease of the ratios of alkyl carbon/alkoxycarbon and hydrophobic carbon/hydrophilic carbon. The above changes were usually more obvious with the extension of the rice planting years. The results indicated that rice planting could not only reduce soil alkalinity and salt content, but also increase the content and quality of soil organic carbon and improve soil structure. Therefore, rice planting was an effective way to ameliorate soda saline-alkali soil.
The ameliorative effects of rice cultivation(5 ～ 30 years) on soda saline-alkali soil in western Jilin Province of northeast China were studied through field survey and laboratory analysis. The results showed that compared with the virgin soil before cultivating rice, the pH value and the contents of total salt, exchangeable sodium, alkalization degree, the contents of CO_3~(2-), HCO_3~-, Cl~-, Ca~(2+), Na~+ and silt plus clay(<0.053 mm) fractions of soil decreased significantly after rice planting, while the contents of SO_4~(2-), total organic carbon, water soluble organic carbon, humic acid carbon, fulvic acid carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and large aggregates(2 ～ 0.25 mm) in soil increased significantly. At the same time, the contents of alkyl carbon and alkoxycarbon in organic carbon increased whereas those of aromatic carbon and carbonyl carbon decreased in soil, resulting in an increase of the ratio of aliphatic carbon/aromatic carbon and a decrease of the ratios of alkyl carbon/alkoxycarbon and hydrophobic carbon/hydrophilic carbon. The above changes were usually more obvious with the extension of the rice planting years. The results indicated that rice planting could not only reduce soil alkalinity and salt content, but also increase the content and quality of soil organic carbon and improve soil structure. Therefore, rice planting was an effective way to ameliorate soda saline-alkali soil.
引文
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[22] He Y,Chen C R,Xu Z H,et al.Assessing management impacts on soil organic matter quality in subtropical Australian forests using physical and chemical fractionation as well as 13C NMR spectroscopy [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41:640-650.
[2] 林佳,宋戈,张莹.基于景观生态风险格局的盐碱地分区规划防治研究:以黑龙江省林甸县为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5509-5518.
[3] 赵兰坡,冯君,王宇,等.松嫩平原盐碱地种稻开发的理论与技术问题[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):237-241.
[4] Luo S S,Wang S J,Tian L,et al.Aggregate-related changes in soil microbial communities under different ameliorant applications in saline-sodic soils [J].Geoderma,2018,329:108-117.
[5] 赵兰坡,王宇,冯君,等.松嫩平原盐碱地改良利用—理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:115-186.
[6] 徐晓腾,赵兰坡.种稻法对苏打盐碱土改良贡献的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):130-133.
[7] 李凯,窦森,张庆联,等.暗管排水技术及其在苏打盐碱土改良上的应用[J].吉林农业科学,2012,37(1):41-43.
[8] 张梅.吉林省西部苏打盐碱土种稻改良机理与生产关键技术研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.
[9] 许晓鸿,刘肃,赵英杰,等.吉林省西部不同环境因子对苏打盐碱地分布的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):89-95.
[10] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-196.
[11] Zhang J J,Wang L B,Li C L.Humus characteristics after maize residues degradation in soil amended with different copper concentrations [J].Plant,Soil and Environment,2010,56(3):120-124.
[12] Zhang J J,Cao Z Y,Feng G Z,et al.Effects of integrated soil-crop system management on soil organic carbon characteristics in a Primosol in Northeast China [J].Pedosphere,2017,27(5):957-967.
[13] 王巍巍,魏春雁,张之鑫,等.不同种稻年限盐碱地水田表层土壤酶活性变化及其与土壤养分关系[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(4):43-48.
[14] Zhao Y G,Wang S J,Li Y,et al.Extensive reclamation of saline-sodic soils with flue gas desulfurization gypsum on the Songnen Plain,Northeast China [J].Geoderma,2018,321:52-60.
[15] 迟美静,侯玮,孙莹,等.东北黑土区荒地开垦种稻后土壤养分及pH值的变化特征[J].土壤通报,2018,49(3):546-551.
[16] Bhattacharyya P,Roy K S,Neogi S,et al.Effects of rice straw and nitrogen fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage in tropical flooded soil planted with rice [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2012,124:119-130.
[17] Tang H M,Xiao X P,Li C,et al.Impact of long-term fertilization practices on the soil aggregation and humic substances under double-cropped rice fields [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(11):11034-11044.
[18] 刘胜楠.种稻对苏打盐碱土有机碳及微团聚体含量与组成的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2016.
[19] 窦森,李艳,关松,等.腐殖物质特异性及其产生机制[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):821-831.
[20] Li C L,Cao Z Y,Chang J J,et al.Elevational gradient affect functional fractions of soil organic carbon and aggregates stability in a Tibetan alpine meadow [J].Catena,2017,156:139-148.
[21] Guan S,An N,Zong N,et al.Climate warming impacts on soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in a Tibetan alpine meadow [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,116:224-236.
[22] He Y,Chen C R,Xu Z H,et al.Assessing management impacts on soil organic matter quality in subtropical Australian forests using physical and chemical fractionation as well as 13C NMR spectroscopy [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41:640-650.
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