Extraction of Cesium and Rubidium with 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol from Salt Lake Brine
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摘要
This work shows the extraction of cesium( Cs~+) and rubidium( Rb~+) from salt lake brine containing potassium( K~+) and magnesium( Mg~(2+)). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-( α-methylbenzyl) phenol( t-BAMBP) diluted in sulfonated kerosene( SK) has an excellent extraction effect. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t-BAMBP when Cs~+or Rb~+were extracted. The effects of K~+,Mg~(2+),t-BAMBP concentration,the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase( O/A) and the alkalinity( pH) of aqueous phase were investigated.The K~+and Mg~(2+)should be eliminated through precipitating before the extraction and separation of Cs~+and Rb~+. The optimum extraction conditions of the experimental brine were as follows: 0. 8 mol/L t-BAMBP diluted in SK,pH≥13,a phase ratio of 1: 1,and an extraction contact time of 2 min at room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs~+and Rb~+were as high as 100% and 85. 8%,in addition,8. 76% of K~+was co-extracted. Further work would increase the extraction yield and selectivity of Rb~+and realize the efficient separation of Cs~+and Rb~+from brine.
This work shows the extraction of cesium( Cs~+) and rubidium( Rb~+) from salt lake brine containing potassium( K~+) and magnesium( Mg~(2+)). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-( α-methylbenzyl) phenol( t-BAMBP) diluted in sulfonated kerosene( SK) has an excellent extraction effect. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t-BAMBP when Cs~+or Rb~+were extracted. The effects of K~+,Mg~(2+),t-BAMBP concentration,the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase( O/A) and the alkalinity( pH) of aqueous phase were investigated.The K~+and Mg~(2+)should be eliminated through precipitating before the extraction and separation of Cs~+and Rb~+. The optimum extraction conditions of the experimental brine were as follows: 0. 8 mol/L t-BAMBP diluted in SK,pH≥13,a phase ratio of 1: 1,and an extraction contact time of 2 min at room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs~+and Rb~+were as high as 100% and 85. 8%,in addition,8. 76% of K~+was co-extracted. Further work would increase the extraction yield and selectivity of Rb~+and realize the efficient separation of Cs~+and Rb~+from brine.
This work shows the extraction of cesium( Cs~+) and rubidium( Rb~+) from salt lake brine containing potassium( K~+) and magnesium( Mg~(2+)). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-( α-methylbenzyl) phenol( t-BAMBP) diluted in sulfonated kerosene( SK) has an excellent extraction effect. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t-BAMBP when Cs~+or Rb~+were extracted. The effects of K~+,Mg~(2+),t-BAMBP concentration,the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase( O/A) and the alkalinity( pH) of aqueous phase were investigated.The K~+and Mg~(2+)should be eliminated through precipitating before the extraction and separation of Cs~+and Rb~+. The optimum extraction conditions of the experimental brine were as follows: 0. 8 mol/L t-BAMBP diluted in SK,pH≥13,a phase ratio of 1: 1,and an extraction contact time of 2 min at room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs~+and Rb~+were as high as 100% and 85. 8%,in addition,8. 76% of K~+was co-extracted. Further work would increase the extraction yield and selectivity of Rb~+and realize the efficient separation of Cs~+and Rb~+from brine.
引文
[1] Yang W J,Liu S M,Li Y J,et al. Process analysis of Rb+and Cs+adsorption from Salt Lake Brine by Ammonium Molybdophosphate Composite Material[J]. Advanced Materials Research 2013:785-786,812-816.
[2] Yan M,Zhong H,Zhang Y,et al. Research progress of separation and extraction of rubidium and cesium from brine[J].Salt lake research,2006,14(03):67-72.
[3] Slobodin B V,Ishchenko A V,Samigullina R F,et al. Preparation and luminescent properties of rubidium and cesium vanadates[J]. Inorganic Materials,2014,50(2):179-183.
[4] Ertan B,Erdoˇgan Y. Separation of rubidium from boron containing clay wastes using solvent extraction[J]. Powder Technology,2016,295:254-260.
[5] Li Z,Pranolo Y,Zhu Z,et al. Solvent extraction of cesium and rubidium from brine solutions using 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2017,(171):1-7.
[6] Nisan S,Laffore F,Poletiko C,et al. Extraction of rubidium from the concentrated brine rejected by integrated nuclear desalination systems[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2012,8(1-3):236-245.
[7] Wang J W,Che D,Qin W. Extraction of rubidium by tBAMBP in cyclohexane[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2015,23(7):1110-1113.
[8] Gibert O,Valderrama C,Peterkóva M,et al. Evaluation of Selective Sorbents for the Extraction of Valuable Metal Ions(Cs,Rb,Li,U)from Reverse Osmosis Rejected Brine[J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2010,28(4):543-562.
[9] Le Dirach J,Nisan S,Poletiko C. Extraction of strategic materials from the concentrated brine rejected by integrated nuclear desalination systems[J]. Desalination,2005,182(1-3):449-460.
[10] Naidu G,Loganathan P,Jeong S,et al. Rubidium extraction using an organic polymer encapsulated potassium copper hexacyanoferrate sorbent[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,306:31-42.
[11] Egan B Z,Zingaro R A,Benjamin B M. Extraction of Alkali Metals by 4-sec-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol(BAMBP)[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,1965,4(7):1055-1061.
[12] Horner D E,Crouse D J,Brown K B,et al. Fission Product Recovery from Waste Solutions by Solvent Extraction[J]. Nuclear Science and Engineering,2017,17(2):234-246.
[13] Xing P,Wang G,Wang C,et al. Separation of rubidium from potassium in rubidium ore liquor by solvent extraction with tBAMBP[J]. Minerals Engineering,2018,121:158-163.
[14] Rais J,Krtil J,Chotívka V. Extraction and separation of137Cs and86Rb by means of 4-t-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Talanta,1971,18(2):213-218.
[15] Ross W J,White J C. Determination of Cesium and Rubidium after Extraction with 4-sec-Butyl-2(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1964,36(10):1998-2000.
[16] Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis methods for brines and salts. Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[17] Chen F P,Jin G P,Peng S Y,et al. Recovery of cesium from residual salt lake brine in Qarham playa of Qaidam Basin with prussian blue functionalized graphene/carbon fibers composite[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2016,509:359-366.
[18] Mackenzie P D,King C J. Combined solvent extraction and stripping for removal and isolation of ammonia from sour waters[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1985,24(4):1192-1200.
[19] Liu S M,Liu H H,Huang Y J,et al. Solvent extraction of rubidium and cesium from salt lake brine with t-BAMBP/kerosene solution[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(1):329-334.
[20] Deng F Y,Yin T X,Gan W W,et al. Comprehensive utilization of potassium,rubidium and cesium in mother liquor of lithium extracted from lithium mica[J]. Mineral and metallurgical engineering,1999,(01):52-54.
[21] Tang H,Zhao L,Sun W,et al. Extraction of rubidium from respirable sintering dust[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2018,(175):144-149.
[22] Underwood C C,Mann M,Mc Millen C D,et al. Hydrothermal descriptive chemistry and single crystal structure determination of cesium and rubidium thorium fluorides[J]. Inorg Chem,2011,50(22):11825-31.
[2] Yan M,Zhong H,Zhang Y,et al. Research progress of separation and extraction of rubidium and cesium from brine[J].Salt lake research,2006,14(03):67-72.
[3] Slobodin B V,Ishchenko A V,Samigullina R F,et al. Preparation and luminescent properties of rubidium and cesium vanadates[J]. Inorganic Materials,2014,50(2):179-183.
[4] Ertan B,Erdoˇgan Y. Separation of rubidium from boron containing clay wastes using solvent extraction[J]. Powder Technology,2016,295:254-260.
[5] Li Z,Pranolo Y,Zhu Z,et al. Solvent extraction of cesium and rubidium from brine solutions using 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2017,(171):1-7.
[6] Nisan S,Laffore F,Poletiko C,et al. Extraction of rubidium from the concentrated brine rejected by integrated nuclear desalination systems[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2012,8(1-3):236-245.
[7] Wang J W,Che D,Qin W. Extraction of rubidium by tBAMBP in cyclohexane[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2015,23(7):1110-1113.
[8] Gibert O,Valderrama C,Peterkóva M,et al. Evaluation of Selective Sorbents for the Extraction of Valuable Metal Ions(Cs,Rb,Li,U)from Reverse Osmosis Rejected Brine[J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2010,28(4):543-562.
[9] Le Dirach J,Nisan S,Poletiko C. Extraction of strategic materials from the concentrated brine rejected by integrated nuclear desalination systems[J]. Desalination,2005,182(1-3):449-460.
[10] Naidu G,Loganathan P,Jeong S,et al. Rubidium extraction using an organic polymer encapsulated potassium copper hexacyanoferrate sorbent[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,306:31-42.
[11] Egan B Z,Zingaro R A,Benjamin B M. Extraction of Alkali Metals by 4-sec-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol(BAMBP)[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,1965,4(7):1055-1061.
[12] Horner D E,Crouse D J,Brown K B,et al. Fission Product Recovery from Waste Solutions by Solvent Extraction[J]. Nuclear Science and Engineering,2017,17(2):234-246.
[13] Xing P,Wang G,Wang C,et al. Separation of rubidium from potassium in rubidium ore liquor by solvent extraction with tBAMBP[J]. Minerals Engineering,2018,121:158-163.
[14] Rais J,Krtil J,Chotívka V. Extraction and separation of137Cs and86Rb by means of 4-t-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Talanta,1971,18(2):213-218.
[15] Ross W J,White J C. Determination of Cesium and Rubidium after Extraction with 4-sec-Butyl-2(α-methylbenzyl)phenol[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1964,36(10):1998-2000.
[16] Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis methods for brines and salts. Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[17] Chen F P,Jin G P,Peng S Y,et al. Recovery of cesium from residual salt lake brine in Qarham playa of Qaidam Basin with prussian blue functionalized graphene/carbon fibers composite[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2016,509:359-366.
[18] Mackenzie P D,King C J. Combined solvent extraction and stripping for removal and isolation of ammonia from sour waters[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1985,24(4):1192-1200.
[19] Liu S M,Liu H H,Huang Y J,et al. Solvent extraction of rubidium and cesium from salt lake brine with t-BAMBP/kerosene solution[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(1):329-334.
[20] Deng F Y,Yin T X,Gan W W,et al. Comprehensive utilization of potassium,rubidium and cesium in mother liquor of lithium extracted from lithium mica[J]. Mineral and metallurgical engineering,1999,(01):52-54.
[21] Tang H,Zhao L,Sun W,et al. Extraction of rubidium from respirable sintering dust[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2018,(175):144-149.
[22] Underwood C C,Mann M,Mc Millen C D,et al. Hydrothermal descriptive chemistry and single crystal structure determination of cesium and rubidium thorium fluorides[J]. Inorg Chem,2011,50(22):11825-31.
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