The Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Ocean-Continent Transition in the West Junggar,Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Constraints from Columnar Jointed Rhyolite
|
摘要
The West Junggar of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt is one of the typical regions in the term of ocean subduction, contraction and continental growth in the Late Paleozoic. However, it is still controversial on the exact time of ocean-continent transition so far. This study investigates rhyolites with columnar joint in the West Junggar for the first time.Based on zircon U-Pb dating, we determined that the ages of the newly-discovered rhyolites are between 303.6 and 294.5 Ma, belonging to Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, which is the oldest rhyolite with columnar joint preserved in the world at present. Geochemical results show that the characteristics of the major element compositions include a high content of SiO_2(75.78–79.20 wt%) and a moderate content of Al_2O_3(12.21–13.19 wt%). The total alkali content(K_2O +Na_2O) is 6.14–8.05 wt%, among which K_2O is 2.09–4.72 wt% and the rate of K_2O/Na_2O is 0.38–3.05. Over-based minerals such as Ne, Lc, and Ac do not appear. The contents of TiO_2(0.09–0.24 wt%), CaO(0.15–0.99 wt%) and MgO(0.06–0.18 wt%) are low. A/CNK=0.91–1.68, A/NK=1.06–1.76, and as such, these are associated with the quasi-aluminum-weak peraluminous high potassium calc-alkaline and some calc-alkaline magma series. These rhyolites show a significant negative Eu anomaly with relative enrichment of LREE and LILE(Rb, Ba, Th, U, K) and depletion of Sr, HREE and HFSE(Nb, Ta, Ti, P). These rhyolites also have the characteristics of an A2-type granite, similar to the Miaoergou batholith,which indicates they both were affected by post-orogenic extension. Combining petrological, zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of the rhyolites, we conclude that the specific time of ocean-continent transition of the West Junggar is the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.
The West Junggar of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt is one of the typical regions in the term of ocean subduction, contraction and continental growth in the Late Paleozoic. However, it is still controversial on the exact time of ocean-continent transition so far. This study investigates rhyolites with columnar joint in the West Junggar for the first time.Based on zircon U-Pb dating, we determined that the ages of the newly-discovered rhyolites are between 303.6 and 294.5 Ma, belonging to Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, which is the oldest rhyolite with columnar joint preserved in the world at present. Geochemical results show that the characteristics of the major element compositions include a high content of SiO_2(75.78–79.20 wt%) and a moderate content of Al_2O_3(12.21–13.19 wt%). The total alkali content(K_2O +Na_2O) is 6.14–8.05 wt%, among which K_2O is 2.09–4.72 wt% and the rate of K_2O/Na_2O is 0.38–3.05. Over-based minerals such as Ne, Lc, and Ac do not appear. The contents of TiO_2(0.09–0.24 wt%), CaO(0.15–0.99 wt%) and MgO(0.06–0.18 wt%) are low. A/CNK=0.91–1.68, A/NK=1.06–1.76, and as such, these are associated with the quasi-aluminum-weak peraluminous high potassium calc-alkaline and some calc-alkaline magma series. These rhyolites show a significant negative Eu anomaly with relative enrichment of LREE and LILE(Rb, Ba, Th, U, K) and depletion of Sr, HREE and HFSE(Nb, Ta, Ti, P). These rhyolites also have the characteristics of an A2-type granite, similar to the Miaoergou batholith,which indicates they both were affected by post-orogenic extension. Combining petrological, zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of the rhyolites, we conclude that the specific time of ocean-continent transition of the West Junggar is the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.
The West Junggar of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt is one of the typical regions in the term of ocean subduction, contraction and continental growth in the Late Paleozoic. However, it is still controversial on the exact time of ocean-continent transition so far. This study investigates rhyolites with columnar joint in the West Junggar for the first time.Based on zircon U-Pb dating, we determined that the ages of the newly-discovered rhyolites are between 303.6 and 294.5 Ma, belonging to Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, which is the oldest rhyolite with columnar joint preserved in the world at present. Geochemical results show that the characteristics of the major element compositions include a high content of SiO_2(75.78–79.20 wt%) and a moderate content of Al_2O_3(12.21–13.19 wt%). The total alkali content(K_2O +Na_2O) is 6.14–8.05 wt%, among which K_2O is 2.09–4.72 wt% and the rate of K_2O/Na_2O is 0.38–3.05. Over-based minerals such as Ne, Lc, and Ac do not appear. The contents of TiO_2(0.09–0.24 wt%), CaO(0.15–0.99 wt%) and MgO(0.06–0.18 wt%) are low. A/CNK=0.91–1.68, A/NK=1.06–1.76, and as such, these are associated with the quasi-aluminum-weak peraluminous high potassium calc-alkaline and some calc-alkaline magma series. These rhyolites show a significant negative Eu anomaly with relative enrichment of LREE and LILE(Rb, Ba, Th, U, K) and depletion of Sr, HREE and HFSE(Nb, Ta, Ti, P). These rhyolites also have the characteristics of an A2-type granite, similar to the Miaoergou batholith,which indicates they both were affected by post-orogenic extension. Combining petrological, zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of the rhyolites, we conclude that the specific time of ocean-continent transition of the West Junggar is the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.
引文
Ai,J.,Lü,X.B.,Li,Z.W.,and Wu,Y.L.,2018.A super-large graphite deposit discovered in granite rocks at Huangyangshan,Xinjiang,China.China Geology,1(1):164-166.
Belousova,E.A.,Griffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.,and Fisher,N.I.,2002.Igneous zircon:Trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type.Contibutions to Mineralogy and Petrology,143(5):602-622.
Buslov,M.M.,Fujiwara,Y.,Iwata,K.,and Semakov,N.N.,2004.Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic Geodynamics of Central Asia.Gondwana Research,7(3):791-808.
Chen,J.F.,Han,B.F.,and Zhang,L.,2010.Geochemistry,Sr-Nd isotopes and tectonic implications of two generations of Late Paleozoic plutons in northern West Junggar,Northwest China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(8):2317-2335(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Chen,Z.L.,and Yang,N.,2009.Study on Regional Mineralizations and Ore-field Structures:Building of Mineralizing Tectonic Systems.Journal of Geomechanics,15(1):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Yang,N.,Ye,B.Y.,Wang,Z.H.,and Chen,Z.L.,2011.Tectonic System and its Control on Metallogenesis in Western Junggar as Part of the Central Asia Multi-Core Metallogenic System.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,35(3):325-338(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Seitmuratova,E.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Han,S.Q.,Li,Y.,Yang,Y.,Ye,B.Y.,and Shi,W.,2014.SHRIMPU-Pb and Ar-Ar geochronology of major porphyry and skarn Cu deposits in the Balkhash Metallogenic Belt,Central Asia,and geological implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,79(2):723-740.
Chen,X.H.,Nie,L.S.,Ding,W.C.,Wang,X.Q.,Wang,Z.H.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.The relationship between strike-slip tectonic system and geochemical anomalies in the West Junggar,northwestern China and its implication for mineral exploration.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(2):371-387(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Seitmuratova,E.,Han,S.Q.,Zhou,Q.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.SHRIMP U-Pb,Ar-Ar and fission-track geochronology of W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash Metallogenic Belt(Kazakhstan):Central Asia,and the geological implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,110(2):19-32.
Eby,G.N.,1992.Chemical Subdivision of the A-type Granitoids:Petrogenetic and Tectonic Implications.Geology,20(7):641-644.
Fang,S.M.,Li,J.F.,NG,S.L.,and Guo,X.,2011.Large sixparty columnar joints of acidic volcanic rocks and its geological causes and significance in Hong Kong China.Marine Sciences,35(5):89-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,Y.,Coleman,R.G.,Tilton,G.,and Xiao,X.,1989.Tectonic evolution of the West Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Tectonics,8(4):729-752.
Frost,B.R.,Barnes,C.G.,Collins,W.J.,Arculus,R.J.,Ellis,D.J.,and Frost,C.D.,2001.A geochemical classification for granitic rocks.Journal of Petrology,42(11):2033-2048.
Geng,H.Y.,Sun,M.,Yuan,C.,Zhao,G.C.,and Xiao,W.J.,2011.Geochemical and geochronological study of Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks from the West Junggar:Petrogeneses and tectonic implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,42(5):854-866.
Han,B.F.,Ji,J.Q.,Song,B.,Chen,L.H.,and Zhang,L.,2006.Late Paleozoic vertical growth of continental crust around the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(Part I):Timing of postcollisional plutonism.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(5):1077-1086(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,B.F.,Guo,Z.J.,Zhang,Z.C.,Zhang,L.,Chen,J.F.,and Song,B.,2010.Age,geochemistry,and tectonic implications of a Late Paleozoic stitching pluton in the North Tian Shan suture zone,western China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,122(3):627-640.
Hoskin,P.W.O.,and Black,L.P.,2000.Metamorphic zircon formation by soild-state recrystallization of prolith igneous zircon.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,18(4):423-439.
Hu,S.X.,1992.Ponderation on problems about evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectono-Magmatism of active continental margin in east china.Earth Science Journal of China University of Geosciences,S1:40-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang,P.H.,Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Ye,B.Y.,Li,X.Z.,and Yang,Y.,2016.Late Paleozoic Granitic Magmatism in West Junggar Metallogenic Belt(Xinjiang),Central Asia,and its Tectonic Implication.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,40(1):145-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jahn,B.M.,2004.The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the phanerozoic.Geological Society London Special Publications,226(1):73-100.
Jin,S.,Zhang,Z.Y.,Rong,G.L.,Liu,X.Y.,Li,Y.H.,Zhang,H.W.,and Bi,L.,2015.Geochemical characteristics,zircon U-Pb age,and Hf isotopes of Yushenkala pluton in western Junggar,Xinjiang:Constraint on the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean.Geology in China,(3):494-508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kouzi,O.,andKazunori,W.,1983.the Aso Caldera.The Earth Monthly,5(1):73-82.
Laurent-Charvet,S.,Charvet,J.,Shu,L.,Ma,R.and Lu,H.,2002.Paleozoic late collisional strikeslip deformations in Tianshan and Altay,Eastern Xinjiang,NW China.Terra Nova,14(4):249-256.
Li,D.,He,D.F.,Lian,Y.C.,Lu,Y.,and Yi,Z.J.,2017a.Structural evolution and Late Carboniferous magmatism of the Zhongguai arc in the western Junggar Basin,Northwest China:implications for tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean.International Geology Review,59(10):1234-1255.
Li,G.Y.,Li,Y.J.,Wang,X.C.,Yang,G.X.,Wang,R.,Xiang,K.P.,Liu,J.,and Tong,L.L.,2017b.Identifying Late Carboniferous sanukitoids in Hala’alate Mountain,Northwest China:new constraint on the closing time of remnant ocean basin in West Junggar.International Geology Review,59(9):1116-1130.
Li,J.L.,Wang,P.J.,Zheng,C.Q.,Tang,H.F.,Wu,Y.X.and Bian,W.H.,2007.Characteristics and Genesis of Rhyolite with Columnar Joints from the Yingcheng Formation in Southeastern Uplift of the Songliao Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),37(6):1131-1138(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,J.Y.,Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,W.,Li,C.,and Huang,P.H.,2017c.Late Palaeozoic mineralization and tectonic ecvoonlsutrtiaoinnt sof tfhreo mW e sRt eJ-unOgsg a ra nmde ta4l0loAgr/e3n9iAc rb e lgt,e oCcehnrtoranlo lAosgiya:.International Geology Review,59(9):1131-1153.
Li,M.,Zhou,S.H.,Hu,Q.W.,and Tian,P.R.,2007.Knowledge of porphyry Cu(Mo)ore belts in the Central Asian Metallogenic Domain and their establishment.Geology in China,34(5):870-877(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,W.,Hu,J.M.,and Qu,H.J.,2010.Fission Track Analysis of Junggar Basin Peripheral Orogen and Its Geological Significance.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(2):171-182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Y.J.,Li,G.Y.,Kang,L.,He,X.G.,Zhang,H.W.,and Wang,J.N.,2013.Evidence of zircon U-Pb geochronology for magma mixing of Xiaerpu granite in West Junggar.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(9):3023-3030(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,G.,She,J.Z.,Yang,W.L.,Wang,Q.J.,Jia,J.,and Di,X.C.,2018.Zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of the Kalagang Formation volcanic rocks in Bayindala area,West Junggar,and their geological significance.Geology in China,45(6):1241-1250(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,X.J.,Xu,J.F.,Wang,S.Q.,Hou,Q.Y.,Bai,Z.H.,and Lei,M.,2009.Geochemistry and dating of E-MORB type mafic rocks from Dalabute ophiolite in West Junggar,Xinjiang and geological implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(6):1373-1389(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.S.,Hu,Z.C.,Gao,S.,Günther,D.,Xu,J.,Gao,C.G.,and Chen,H.H.,2008.In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard.Chemical Geology,257(1):34-43.
Ma,X.P.,Zhang,M.Q.,Zong,P.,Zhang,Y.B.,and Lv,D.,2017.Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Late Devonian(Famennian)Strata in the Northwestern Border of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,Northwestern China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),91(4):1413-1437.
Maniar,P.D.,and Piccoli,P.M.,1989.Tectonic discrimination of granitoids.Geological Society of America Bulletin,101(5):635-643.
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1985.Magmas and Magmatic Rocks.London:Longman,1-266.
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1994.Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system.Earth Science Reviews,37(3-4):215-224.
Miyoshi,M.,Shibata,T.,Yoshikawa,M.,Sano,T.,Shinmura,T.,and Hasenaka,T.,2011.Genetic relationship between post-caldera and caldera-forming magmas from Aso volcano,SWJapan:Constraints from Sr isotope and trace element compositions.Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences,106(2):114-119.
Nakada,S.,and Kamata,H.,1991.Temporal change in chemistry of magma source under Central Kyushu,Southwest Japan:progressive contamination of mantle wedge.Bulletin of Volcanology,53(3):182-194.
Pearce,J.A.,Harris,N.B.W.,and Tindle,A.G.,1984.Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks.Journal of Petrology,25(4):956-983.
Pearce,J.A.,1996.Sources and settings of granitic rocks.Episodes,19(4):120-125.
Rickwood,P.C.,1989.Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements.Lithos,22(4):247-263.
Seng?r,A.M.C.,Natal’in,B.A.,and Burtman,V.S.,1993.Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Asia.Nature,364(6435):299-307.
Shen,P.,Shen,Y.C.,Pan,H.D.,Li,X.H.,Dong,L.H.,Wang,J.B.,Zhu,H.P.,Dai,H.W.,and Guan,W.N.,2012.Geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Baogutu porphyry copper deposit in the West Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):99-115.
Shen,P.,Pan,H.D.,Xiao,W.J.,Chen,X.H.,Seitmuratova,E.,and Shen,Y.C.,2013a.Two geodynamic-metallogenic events in the Balkhash(Kazakhstan)and the West Junggar(China):Carboniferous porphyry Cu and Permian greisen W-Mo mineralization.International Geology Review,55(13):1660-1687.
Shen,P.,Pan,H.D.,Xiao,W.J.,Li,X.H.,Dai,H.W.,and Zhu,H.P.,2013b.Early Carboniferous intra-oceanic arc and backarc basin system in the West Junggar,NW China.International Geology Review,55(16):1991-2007.
Song,H.X.,Liu,Y.L.,Qu,W.J.,Song,B.,Zhang,R.,and Cheng,Y.,2007.Geological Characters of Baogutu Porphyry Copper Deposit in Xinjiang,NW China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(8):1981-1988(in Chinese with English abstract).
Su,Y.P.,Tang,H.F.,Hou,G.S.,and Liu,C.Q.,2006.Geochemistry of aluminous A-type granites along Darabut tectonic belt in West Junggar,Xinjiang.Geochimica,35(1):55-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.S.,and McDonough,W.,1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes.Geological Society London Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Sun,T.,Qian,Z.Z.,Thakurta,J.,Yang,S.H.,Xu,G.,Duan,J.,Gao,B.,and Wang,J.,2018.Geochemical and Petrological Studies on the Early Carboniferous Sidingheishan Ma?cUltrama?c I intrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),92(3):952-971.
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Zhao,Z.H.,Wyman,D.A.,Chen,H.H.,Jia,X.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2009.Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Ore-Bearing Porphyries in the Baogutu Area(Western Junggar):Petrogenesis and Their Implications for Tectonics and Cu-Au Mineralization.Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences,34(1):56-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Wyman,D.A.,Li,Z.X.,Zhao,Z.H.,Jia,X.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2010a.Ridge subduction and crustal growth in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Evidence from Late Carboniferous adakites and high-Mg diorites in the West Junggar region,northern Xinjiang(west China).Chemical Geology,277(3):281-300.
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Wyman,D.A.,Sun,M.,Li,Z.X.,Zhao,Z.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2010b.Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the Lamasu-Dabate area,northwestern Tianshan(west China):Evidence for a tectonic transition from arc to post-collisional setting.Lithos,119(3):393-411.
Tao,H.F.,Wang,Q.C.,Yang,X.F.,and Jiang,L.,2013.Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Carboniferous clastic rocks in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China:A case from the Hala-alat Mountains.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,64:210-222.
Whalen,J.B.,Currie,K.L.,and Chappell,B.W.,1987.A-type granites:Geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95(4):407-419.
Windley,B.F.,Alexeiev,D.V.,Xiao,W.,Kr?ner,A.,and Badarch,G.,2007.Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Journal of the Geological Society of London,164(12):31-47.
Xiao,W.J.,Han,C.M.,Yuan,C.,Chen,H.L.,Sun,M.,Lin,S.F.,Li,Z.L.,Mao,Q.G.,Zhang,J.E.,Sun,S.,and Li,J.L.,2006.Unique Carboniferous-Permian tectonic-metallogenic framework of northern Xinjiang(NW China):Constraints for the tectonics of the southern Paleoasain Domain.Acta PetrologicaSinica,22(5):1062-1076(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao,W.J.,Han,C.M.,Yuan,C.,Sun,M.,Lin,S.F.,Chen,H.L.,Li,Z.L.,Li,J.L.,and Sun,S.,2008.Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of Northern Xinjiang,NW China:Implications for the tectonic evolution of central Asia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32(2):102-117.
Xiao,W.J.,and Kusky,T.,2009.Geodynamic processes and metallogenesis of the Central Asian and related orogenic belts:Introduction.Gondwana Research,16(2):167-169.
Xiao,W.J.,Li,S.Z.,Santosh,M.,and Jahn,B.M.,2012.Orogenic belts in Central Asia:Correlations and connections.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):1-6.
Xing,G.F.,Tao,K.Y.,Yang,Z.L.,Zhao,Y.,and Xu,N.Z.,1999.The Summarizing about the Reasons Causing the Formation of Mesozoic Igneous Rock in Southeast China Near the Reason.The Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,18(3):189-193(in Chines).
Xing,G.F.,Ng,Y.C.Y.,Tao,K.Y.,Ng,S.L.,Chen,R.,Jiang,Y.,Li,L.M.,and Yu,M.G.,2011.Petrological study of High Island Formation volcanic columns in the Hong Kong National Geopark.Geology in China,38:1080-1093(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,S.N.,1995.Dsicovery of Columnar Joint Structure of Mesozolc Acidic Volcanic Rocks in ZheJiang Province and Its Geological Siginificance.Acta Petrologica Sinca,11(3):325-332(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yakubchuk,A.,2004.Architecture and mineral deposit settings of the Altaid orogenic collage:A revised model.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,23(5):761-779.
Yakubchuk,A.,2008.Re-deciphering the tectonic jigsaw puzzle of northern Eurasia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32(2):82-101.
Yang,F.Q.,Mao,J.W.,Pirajno,F.,Yan,S.H.,Liu,G.R.,Zhou,G.,Zhang,Z.X.,Liu,F.,Geng,X.X.,and Guo,C.L.,2012.Areview of the geological characteristics and geodynamic setting of Late Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits in the Junggar region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Northwest China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):80-98.
Yang,Y.,Chen,X.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Han,S.Q.,Seitmuratova,E.,Wang,Z.H.,Shi,W.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.The latest granitic intrusive magmatism and thermal evolution in the Late Paleozoic Balkhash Metallogenic Belt(Kazakhstan),Central Asia.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(2):304-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,J.Y.,Chen,W.,Xiao,W.J.,Yuan,C.,Sun,M.,and Cai,K.D.,2018.Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Early Devonian mafic dike-granite association in the northern West Junggar,NW China.International Geology Review,60(4):87-100.
Yu,M.J.,Wang,J.B.,Mao,Q.G.,Fang,T.H.,and Zhang,R.,2018.Ore-forming Fluid and Mineral Source of the Hongshi Copper Deposit in the Kalatage Area,East Tianshan,Xinjiang,NW China.Acta GeologicaSinica(English Edition),92(5):1769-1783.
Zhan,Y.,Hou,G.T.,Hari,K.R.,and Shu,W.L.,2015.Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the evolution of Late Paleozoic dyke swarms in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,113:126-136.
Zhang,D.,Lu,Y.M.,Pan,A.J.,Chao,Y.Y.,Fan,J.J.,and Zhang,Y.J.,2011.Two Types of Calcium Alkaline Granite and Their Tectonic-Metallogenic Significance in North Margin of Eastern Junggar.Northwestern Geology,44(2):51-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.,Wang,G.C.,Li,Y.T.,Zhang,S.Y.,Peng,C.,Zhao,H.W.,and Zha,Y.H.,2017.Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton:Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar,NW China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),91(3):857-874.
Zhang,Q.,Ran,H.and Li,C.D.,2012.A-type Granite:What is the Essence?.Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,31(4):626-631(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,X.,2001.The geologic features of the Early Cretaceous rhyolite in the Shanmen area,Siping,Jilin province.Jilin Geolgy,20(3):30-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,L.,and He,G.Q.,2013.Tectonic entities connection between West Junggar(NW China)and East Kazakhstan.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,72(4):25-32.
Zhou,T.F.,Yuan,F.,Fan,Y.,Zhang.D.Y.,Cooke,D.,and Zhao,G.C.,2008.Granites in the Sawuer region of the West Junggar,Xinjiang Province,China:Geochronological and geochemical characteristics and their geodynamic significance.Lithos,106(3):191-206.
Zhu,Y.F.,Chen,B.,Xu,X.,Qiu,T.,and An,F.,2013.A new geological map of the West Junggar,north Xinjiang(NWChina):Implications for Paleoenvironmental reconstruction.Episodes,36(3):205-220.
Belousova,E.A.,Griffin,W.L.,O’Reilly,S.,and Fisher,N.I.,2002.Igneous zircon:Trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type.Contibutions to Mineralogy and Petrology,143(5):602-622.
Buslov,M.M.,Fujiwara,Y.,Iwata,K.,and Semakov,N.N.,2004.Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic Geodynamics of Central Asia.Gondwana Research,7(3):791-808.
Chen,J.F.,Han,B.F.,and Zhang,L.,2010.Geochemistry,Sr-Nd isotopes and tectonic implications of two generations of Late Paleozoic plutons in northern West Junggar,Northwest China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(8):2317-2335(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Chen,Z.L.,and Yang,N.,2009.Study on Regional Mineralizations and Ore-field Structures:Building of Mineralizing Tectonic Systems.Journal of Geomechanics,15(1):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Yang,N.,Ye,B.Y.,Wang,Z.H.,and Chen,Z.L.,2011.Tectonic System and its Control on Metallogenesis in Western Junggar as Part of the Central Asia Multi-Core Metallogenic System.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,35(3):325-338(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Seitmuratova,E.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Han,S.Q.,Li,Y.,Yang,Y.,Ye,B.Y.,and Shi,W.,2014.SHRIMPU-Pb and Ar-Ar geochronology of major porphyry and skarn Cu deposits in the Balkhash Metallogenic Belt,Central Asia,and geological implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,79(2):723-740.
Chen,X.H.,Nie,L.S.,Ding,W.C.,Wang,X.Q.,Wang,Z.H.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.The relationship between strike-slip tectonic system and geochemical anomalies in the West Junggar,northwestern China and its implication for mineral exploration.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(2):371-387(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Seitmuratova,E.,Han,S.Q.,Zhou,Q.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.SHRIMP U-Pb,Ar-Ar and fission-track geochronology of W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash Metallogenic Belt(Kazakhstan):Central Asia,and the geological implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,110(2):19-32.
Eby,G.N.,1992.Chemical Subdivision of the A-type Granitoids:Petrogenetic and Tectonic Implications.Geology,20(7):641-644.
Fang,S.M.,Li,J.F.,NG,S.L.,and Guo,X.,2011.Large sixparty columnar joints of acidic volcanic rocks and its geological causes and significance in Hong Kong China.Marine Sciences,35(5):89-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,Y.,Coleman,R.G.,Tilton,G.,and Xiao,X.,1989.Tectonic evolution of the West Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Tectonics,8(4):729-752.
Frost,B.R.,Barnes,C.G.,Collins,W.J.,Arculus,R.J.,Ellis,D.J.,and Frost,C.D.,2001.A geochemical classification for granitic rocks.Journal of Petrology,42(11):2033-2048.
Geng,H.Y.,Sun,M.,Yuan,C.,Zhao,G.C.,and Xiao,W.J.,2011.Geochemical and geochronological study of Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks from the West Junggar:Petrogeneses and tectonic implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,42(5):854-866.
Han,B.F.,Ji,J.Q.,Song,B.,Chen,L.H.,and Zhang,L.,2006.Late Paleozoic vertical growth of continental crust around the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(Part I):Timing of postcollisional plutonism.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(5):1077-1086(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,B.F.,Guo,Z.J.,Zhang,Z.C.,Zhang,L.,Chen,J.F.,and Song,B.,2010.Age,geochemistry,and tectonic implications of a Late Paleozoic stitching pluton in the North Tian Shan suture zone,western China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,122(3):627-640.
Hoskin,P.W.O.,and Black,L.P.,2000.Metamorphic zircon formation by soild-state recrystallization of prolith igneous zircon.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,18(4):423-439.
Hu,S.X.,1992.Ponderation on problems about evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectono-Magmatism of active continental margin in east china.Earth Science Journal of China University of Geosciences,S1:40-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang,P.H.,Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Ye,B.Y.,Li,X.Z.,and Yang,Y.,2016.Late Paleozoic Granitic Magmatism in West Junggar Metallogenic Belt(Xinjiang),Central Asia,and its Tectonic Implication.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,40(1):145-160(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jahn,B.M.,2004.The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the phanerozoic.Geological Society London Special Publications,226(1):73-100.
Jin,S.,Zhang,Z.Y.,Rong,G.L.,Liu,X.Y.,Li,Y.H.,Zhang,H.W.,and Bi,L.,2015.Geochemical characteristics,zircon U-Pb age,and Hf isotopes of Yushenkala pluton in western Junggar,Xinjiang:Constraint on the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean.Geology in China,(3):494-508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kouzi,O.,andKazunori,W.,1983.the Aso Caldera.The Earth Monthly,5(1):73-82.
Laurent-Charvet,S.,Charvet,J.,Shu,L.,Ma,R.and Lu,H.,2002.Paleozoic late collisional strikeslip deformations in Tianshan and Altay,Eastern Xinjiang,NW China.Terra Nova,14(4):249-256.
Li,D.,He,D.F.,Lian,Y.C.,Lu,Y.,and Yi,Z.J.,2017a.Structural evolution and Late Carboniferous magmatism of the Zhongguai arc in the western Junggar Basin,Northwest China:implications for tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean.International Geology Review,59(10):1234-1255.
Li,G.Y.,Li,Y.J.,Wang,X.C.,Yang,G.X.,Wang,R.,Xiang,K.P.,Liu,J.,and Tong,L.L.,2017b.Identifying Late Carboniferous sanukitoids in Hala’alate Mountain,Northwest China:new constraint on the closing time of remnant ocean basin in West Junggar.International Geology Review,59(9):1116-1130.
Li,J.L.,Wang,P.J.,Zheng,C.Q.,Tang,H.F.,Wu,Y.X.and Bian,W.H.,2007.Characteristics and Genesis of Rhyolite with Columnar Joints from the Yingcheng Formation in Southeastern Uplift of the Songliao Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),37(6):1131-1138(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,J.Y.,Chen,X.H.,Wang,Z.H.,Chen,W.,Li,C.,and Huang,P.H.,2017c.Late Palaeozoic mineralization and tectonic ecvoonlsutrtiaoinnt sof tfhreo mW e sRt eJ-unOgsg a ra nmde ta4l0loAgr/e3n9iAc rb e lgt,e oCcehnrtoranlo lAosgiya:.International Geology Review,59(9):1131-1153.
Li,M.,Zhou,S.H.,Hu,Q.W.,and Tian,P.R.,2007.Knowledge of porphyry Cu(Mo)ore belts in the Central Asian Metallogenic Domain and their establishment.Geology in China,34(5):870-877(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,W.,Hu,J.M.,and Qu,H.J.,2010.Fission Track Analysis of Junggar Basin Peripheral Orogen and Its Geological Significance.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(2):171-182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Y.J.,Li,G.Y.,Kang,L.,He,X.G.,Zhang,H.W.,and Wang,J.N.,2013.Evidence of zircon U-Pb geochronology for magma mixing of Xiaerpu granite in West Junggar.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(9):3023-3030(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,G.,She,J.Z.,Yang,W.L.,Wang,Q.J.,Jia,J.,and Di,X.C.,2018.Zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of the Kalagang Formation volcanic rocks in Bayindala area,West Junggar,and their geological significance.Geology in China,45(6):1241-1250(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,X.J.,Xu,J.F.,Wang,S.Q.,Hou,Q.Y.,Bai,Z.H.,and Lei,M.,2009.Geochemistry and dating of E-MORB type mafic rocks from Dalabute ophiolite in West Junggar,Xinjiang and geological implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(6):1373-1389(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.S.,Hu,Z.C.,Gao,S.,Günther,D.,Xu,J.,Gao,C.G.,and Chen,H.H.,2008.In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard.Chemical Geology,257(1):34-43.
Ma,X.P.,Zhang,M.Q.,Zong,P.,Zhang,Y.B.,and Lv,D.,2017.Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Late Devonian(Famennian)Strata in the Northwestern Border of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,Northwestern China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),91(4):1413-1437.
Maniar,P.D.,and Piccoli,P.M.,1989.Tectonic discrimination of granitoids.Geological Society of America Bulletin,101(5):635-643.
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1985.Magmas and Magmatic Rocks.London:Longman,1-266.
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1994.Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system.Earth Science Reviews,37(3-4):215-224.
Miyoshi,M.,Shibata,T.,Yoshikawa,M.,Sano,T.,Shinmura,T.,and Hasenaka,T.,2011.Genetic relationship between post-caldera and caldera-forming magmas from Aso volcano,SWJapan:Constraints from Sr isotope and trace element compositions.Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences,106(2):114-119.
Nakada,S.,and Kamata,H.,1991.Temporal change in chemistry of magma source under Central Kyushu,Southwest Japan:progressive contamination of mantle wedge.Bulletin of Volcanology,53(3):182-194.
Pearce,J.A.,Harris,N.B.W.,and Tindle,A.G.,1984.Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks.Journal of Petrology,25(4):956-983.
Pearce,J.A.,1996.Sources and settings of granitic rocks.Episodes,19(4):120-125.
Rickwood,P.C.,1989.Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements.Lithos,22(4):247-263.
Seng?r,A.M.C.,Natal’in,B.A.,and Burtman,V.S.,1993.Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Asia.Nature,364(6435):299-307.
Shen,P.,Shen,Y.C.,Pan,H.D.,Li,X.H.,Dong,L.H.,Wang,J.B.,Zhu,H.P.,Dai,H.W.,and Guan,W.N.,2012.Geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Baogutu porphyry copper deposit in the West Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):99-115.
Shen,P.,Pan,H.D.,Xiao,W.J.,Chen,X.H.,Seitmuratova,E.,and Shen,Y.C.,2013a.Two geodynamic-metallogenic events in the Balkhash(Kazakhstan)and the West Junggar(China):Carboniferous porphyry Cu and Permian greisen W-Mo mineralization.International Geology Review,55(13):1660-1687.
Shen,P.,Pan,H.D.,Xiao,W.J.,Li,X.H.,Dai,H.W.,and Zhu,H.P.,2013b.Early Carboniferous intra-oceanic arc and backarc basin system in the West Junggar,NW China.International Geology Review,55(16):1991-2007.
Song,H.X.,Liu,Y.L.,Qu,W.J.,Song,B.,Zhang,R.,and Cheng,Y.,2007.Geological Characters of Baogutu Porphyry Copper Deposit in Xinjiang,NW China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(8):1981-1988(in Chinese with English abstract).
Su,Y.P.,Tang,H.F.,Hou,G.S.,and Liu,C.Q.,2006.Geochemistry of aluminous A-type granites along Darabut tectonic belt in West Junggar,Xinjiang.Geochimica,35(1):55-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.S.,and McDonough,W.,1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes.Geological Society London Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Sun,T.,Qian,Z.Z.,Thakurta,J.,Yang,S.H.,Xu,G.,Duan,J.,Gao,B.,and Wang,J.,2018.Geochemical and Petrological Studies on the Early Carboniferous Sidingheishan Ma?cUltrama?c I intrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),92(3):952-971.
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Zhao,Z.H.,Wyman,D.A.,Chen,H.H.,Jia,X.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2009.Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Ore-Bearing Porphyries in the Baogutu Area(Western Junggar):Petrogenesis and Their Implications for Tectonics and Cu-Au Mineralization.Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences,34(1):56-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Wyman,D.A.,Li,Z.X.,Zhao,Z.H.,Jia,X.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2010a.Ridge subduction and crustal growth in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Evidence from Late Carboniferous adakites and high-Mg diorites in the West Junggar region,northern Xinjiang(west China).Chemical Geology,277(3):281-300.
Tang,G.J.,Wang,Q.,Wyman,D.A.,Sun,M.,Li,Z.X.,Zhao,Z.H.,and Jiang,Z.Q.,2010b.Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the Lamasu-Dabate area,northwestern Tianshan(west China):Evidence for a tectonic transition from arc to post-collisional setting.Lithos,119(3):393-411.
Tao,H.F.,Wang,Q.C.,Yang,X.F.,and Jiang,L.,2013.Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Carboniferous clastic rocks in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China:A case from the Hala-alat Mountains.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,64:210-222.
Whalen,J.B.,Currie,K.L.,and Chappell,B.W.,1987.A-type granites:Geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95(4):407-419.
Windley,B.F.,Alexeiev,D.V.,Xiao,W.,Kr?ner,A.,and Badarch,G.,2007.Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Journal of the Geological Society of London,164(12):31-47.
Xiao,W.J.,Han,C.M.,Yuan,C.,Chen,H.L.,Sun,M.,Lin,S.F.,Li,Z.L.,Mao,Q.G.,Zhang,J.E.,Sun,S.,and Li,J.L.,2006.Unique Carboniferous-Permian tectonic-metallogenic framework of northern Xinjiang(NW China):Constraints for the tectonics of the southern Paleoasain Domain.Acta PetrologicaSinica,22(5):1062-1076(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao,W.J.,Han,C.M.,Yuan,C.,Sun,M.,Lin,S.F.,Chen,H.L.,Li,Z.L.,Li,J.L.,and Sun,S.,2008.Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of Northern Xinjiang,NW China:Implications for the tectonic evolution of central Asia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32(2):102-117.
Xiao,W.J.,and Kusky,T.,2009.Geodynamic processes and metallogenesis of the Central Asian and related orogenic belts:Introduction.Gondwana Research,16(2):167-169.
Xiao,W.J.,Li,S.Z.,Santosh,M.,and Jahn,B.M.,2012.Orogenic belts in Central Asia:Correlations and connections.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):1-6.
Xing,G.F.,Tao,K.Y.,Yang,Z.L.,Zhao,Y.,and Xu,N.Z.,1999.The Summarizing about the Reasons Causing the Formation of Mesozoic Igneous Rock in Southeast China Near the Reason.The Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,18(3):189-193(in Chines).
Xing,G.F.,Ng,Y.C.Y.,Tao,K.Y.,Ng,S.L.,Chen,R.,Jiang,Y.,Li,L.M.,and Yu,M.G.,2011.Petrological study of High Island Formation volcanic columns in the Hong Kong National Geopark.Geology in China,38:1080-1093(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,S.N.,1995.Dsicovery of Columnar Joint Structure of Mesozolc Acidic Volcanic Rocks in ZheJiang Province and Its Geological Siginificance.Acta Petrologica Sinca,11(3):325-332(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yakubchuk,A.,2004.Architecture and mineral deposit settings of the Altaid orogenic collage:A revised model.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,23(5):761-779.
Yakubchuk,A.,2008.Re-deciphering the tectonic jigsaw puzzle of northern Eurasia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32(2):82-101.
Yang,F.Q.,Mao,J.W.,Pirajno,F.,Yan,S.H.,Liu,G.R.,Zhou,G.,Zhang,Z.X.,Liu,F.,Geng,X.X.,and Guo,C.L.,2012.Areview of the geological characteristics and geodynamic setting of Late Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits in the Junggar region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Northwest China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49(3):80-98.
Yang,Y.,Chen,X.H.,Chen,Z.L.,Han,S.Q.,Seitmuratova,E.,Wang,Z.H.,Shi,W.,and Ye,B.Y.,2015.The latest granitic intrusive magmatism and thermal evolution in the Late Paleozoic Balkhash Metallogenic Belt(Kazakhstan),Central Asia.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(2):304-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,J.Y.,Chen,W.,Xiao,W.J.,Yuan,C.,Sun,M.,and Cai,K.D.,2018.Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Early Devonian mafic dike-granite association in the northern West Junggar,NW China.International Geology Review,60(4):87-100.
Yu,M.J.,Wang,J.B.,Mao,Q.G.,Fang,T.H.,and Zhang,R.,2018.Ore-forming Fluid and Mineral Source of the Hongshi Copper Deposit in the Kalatage Area,East Tianshan,Xinjiang,NW China.Acta GeologicaSinica(English Edition),92(5):1769-1783.
Zhan,Y.,Hou,G.T.,Hari,K.R.,and Shu,W.L.,2015.Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the evolution of Late Paleozoic dyke swarms in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,113:126-136.
Zhang,D.,Lu,Y.M.,Pan,A.J.,Chao,Y.Y.,Fan,J.J.,and Zhang,Y.J.,2011.Two Types of Calcium Alkaline Granite and Their Tectonic-Metallogenic Significance in North Margin of Eastern Junggar.Northwestern Geology,44(2):51-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.,Wang,G.C.,Li,Y.T.,Zhang,S.Y.,Peng,C.,Zhao,H.W.,and Zha,Y.H.,2017.Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton:Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar,NW China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),91(3):857-874.
Zhang,Q.,Ran,H.and Li,C.D.,2012.A-type Granite:What is the Essence?.Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,31(4):626-631(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,X.,2001.The geologic features of the Early Cretaceous rhyolite in the Shanmen area,Siping,Jilin province.Jilin Geolgy,20(3):30-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,L.,and He,G.Q.,2013.Tectonic entities connection between West Junggar(NW China)and East Kazakhstan.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,72(4):25-32.
Zhou,T.F.,Yuan,F.,Fan,Y.,Zhang.D.Y.,Cooke,D.,and Zhao,G.C.,2008.Granites in the Sawuer region of the West Junggar,Xinjiang Province,China:Geochronological and geochemical characteristics and their geodynamic significance.Lithos,106(3):191-206.
Zhu,Y.F.,Chen,B.,Xu,X.,Qiu,T.,and An,F.,2013.A new geological map of the West Junggar,north Xinjiang(NWChina):Implications for Paleoenvironmental reconstruction.Episodes,36(3):205-220.