约瑟夫·阿伽西早期证伪主义科学编史学研究
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摘要
约瑟夫·阿伽西完成了首部科学编史学专著《论科学编史学》,并用科学史案例证明波普尔方法论证伪主义能较好地指导科学史实践。立足于阿伽西科学编史学和科学史著作,结合其理论与实践,考察阿伽西早期证伪主义科学编史学。主要内容包括:科学史应接受新的批判科学哲学指导,批判当下受归纳主义和约定主义影响的科学史研究,提出证伪主义批判理性作为方法论原则。科学史的目标是更接近科学和历史事实,并提供有趣、生动的历史。阿伽西早期证伪主义科学编史学体现出批判性史学的独特性,开启了一种分析批判的视角,为科学史研究开拓了范围广泛的问题领域,对后来的科学史研究来说无疑都具有重要的启发和开拓意义。在科学史研究国际化趋势及多元化路径趋势下,仍有一定价值。
Joseph Agassi published the first book on historiography of science and proved that Popper's methodological falsificationism worked well with the practice of the history of science. This paper focuses on Agassi's early work Towards the Historiography of Science and evaluates his falsificationist approaches in the historiography of science in history. It stressed that the history of science should accept critical philosophy of science. In this connection, Agassi criticized the history of science that followed inductivist and conventionalist philosophy of science. The history of science should tell a most rational and fascinating story. Agassi's early falsificationist historiography of science reflected the uniqueness of critical historiography and provided a new perspective of analytic critique, thus adding new content to the history of science. His historiography of science was of great pioneering significance and important inspiration for the ensuing history of science. It still makes sense to the history of science in the context of internationalization and diversification.
Joseph Agassi published the first book on historiography of science and proved that Popper's methodological falsificationism worked well with the practice of the history of science. This paper focuses on Agassi's early work Towards the Historiography of Science and evaluates his falsificationist approaches in the historiography of science in history. It stressed that the history of science should accept critical philosophy of science. In this connection, Agassi criticized the history of science that followed inductivist and conventionalist philosophy of science. The history of science should tell a most rational and fascinating story. Agassi's early falsificationist historiography of science reflected the uniqueness of critical historiography and provided a new perspective of analytic critique, thus adding new content to the history of science. His historiography of science was of great pioneering significance and important inspiration for the ensuing history of science. It still makes sense to the history of science in the context of internationalization and diversification.
引文
[1]Agassi,J.Towards an Historiography of Science[M],Gravenhage,Mouton&Co,1963.
[2]刘大椿、张林先.科学的哲学反思:从辩护到审度的转换[J].教学与研究,2010,45(2):5-12.
[3]Agassi,J.'Curriculum Vitae'[EB/OL].https://www.tau.ac.il/~agass/joseph.html.2018-10-15.
[4]王国魁、洪晓楠.略论约瑟夫·阿伽西的科学文化观[J].文化学刊,2010,5(2):134-139.
[5]Agassi,J.Science and Culture[M].Dordrecht,Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2003.
[6]拉卡托斯.科学研究纲领方法论[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1986,148.
[7]李醒民.科学编史学的“四维空时”及其“张力”[J].自然辩证法通讯,2002,24(2):64-71.
[9]刘兵、王晶金.科学哲学对科学史的意义--对证伪主义法拉第研究案例的分析[J].自然辩证法研究,2014,30(6):16-22.
[10]Agassi,J.Faraday as a Natural Philosopher[M].Chicago:Chicago University Press,1971.
(1)源自组合数学中的一种推理模型。指一个既定的理论模式“鸽笼”集,其中所蕴含的所有模式之间是相互排斥并彼此独立的。
(1)波普尔在《猜想与反驳》中,将爱丁顿观测日食验证爱因斯坦广义相对论的预言作为科学理论预言新的事实并得到证实的典型范例。波普尔说此事“给人以深刻印象”,使他“在1919-1920年冬天”形成了著名的关于“证伪”的理论。。
(2)卢默-普林希姆的实验“反驳”了维恩、瑞利和金斯的辐射定律。
[2]刘大椿、张林先.科学的哲学反思:从辩护到审度的转换[J].教学与研究,2010,45(2):5-12.
[3]Agassi,J.'Curriculum Vitae'[EB/OL].https://www.tau.ac.il/~agass/joseph.html.2018-10-15.
[4]王国魁、洪晓楠.略论约瑟夫·阿伽西的科学文化观[J].文化学刊,2010,5(2):134-139.
[5]Agassi,J.Science and Culture[M].Dordrecht,Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2003.
[6]拉卡托斯.科学研究纲领方法论[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1986,148.
[7]李醒民.科学编史学的“四维空时”及其“张力”[J].自然辩证法通讯,2002,24(2):64-71.
[9]刘兵、王晶金.科学哲学对科学史的意义--对证伪主义法拉第研究案例的分析[J].自然辩证法研究,2014,30(6):16-22.
[10]Agassi,J.Faraday as a Natural Philosopher[M].Chicago:Chicago University Press,1971.
(1)源自组合数学中的一种推理模型。指一个既定的理论模式“鸽笼”集,其中所蕴含的所有模式之间是相互排斥并彼此独立的。
(1)波普尔在《猜想与反驳》中,将爱丁顿观测日食验证爱因斯坦广义相对论的预言作为科学理论预言新的事实并得到证实的典型范例。波普尔说此事“给人以深刻印象”,使他“在1919-1920年冬天”形成了著名的关于“证伪”的理论。。
(2)卢默-普林希姆的实验“反驳”了维恩、瑞利和金斯的辐射定律。