膜生物反应器-超低压纳滤组合工艺处理城镇污水
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摘要
针对再生水的高品质化和污泥的减量化问题,构建一套膜生物反应器-超低压纳滤组合工艺(MBR-DF)中试装置,以零排泥的方式运行处理城镇污水,同时建立一套传统活性污泥处理工艺(CAS),进水COD及NH_4~+-N、TN、TP浓度分别为87.0~165.7、14.0~31.0、14.2~32.4和2.5~3.3 mgL。结果表明:浓水零排放MBR-DF系统对COD、NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)具有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为95.7%、99.0%和68.5%。总溶解固体(TDS)和HCO_3~-的去除率分别为13.5%和31.1%,并能有效地降低出水总硬度。DF膜对PO_4~(3-)和SO_4~(2-)具有明显的截留作用,对NO_3~-截留效果较差,对HCO_3~-无截留作用。进水溶解性有机物(DOM)经MBR-DF后,出水中仅剩少量的类色氨酸类物质,且MBR-DF系统对进水DOM的UV_(254)消减率达到94.9%,对DOC的去除率在98.0%以上,出水DOM的腐殖质向非腐殖质转化的程度较高。MBR-DF系统和CAS系统对17-β雌二醇(E2)的去除率分别为99.9%和70.8%,MBR-DF系统可有效降低出水回用过程中存在的健康隐患。
A pilot-scale experimental device of membrane bioreactor-ultra low-pressure selective nanofiltration(MBR-DF)was constructed to improve the quality of recycled water and the reduction of sludge.The MBR-DF hybrid system was used to treat the municipal sewage and operated in a zero-sludge manner,and a conventional activated sludge process(CAS)was established at the same time.The influent contents of COD,NH_4~+-N,TN and TP were 87.0-165.7,14.0-31.0,14.2-32.4,and 2.5-3.3 mgL,respectively.The results showed that the concentrated water zero-emission MBR-DF system had a good removal effect on COD,NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-),with the removal rates of 95.7%,99.0%and 68.5%,respectively.The removal rates of TDS and HCO_3~-were13.5%and 31.1%accordingly,and the total hardness of the effluent could be reduced effectively.The DF membrane had a significant retention effect on PO_4~(3-)and SO_4~(2-),had a poor retention effect on NO_3~-and had no retention effect on HCO_3~-.After the influent DOM was passed through MBR-DF system,only a small amount of tryptophan-like substances remained.The UV_(254)reduction rate of the influent DOM was 94.9%and the DOC removal rate was above 98.0%in the MBR-DF system.The degree of conversion of humus to non-humus was higher in the effluent DOM.The removal rates of 17-βestradiol(E2)by MBR-DF system and CAS system were99.9%and 70.8%,respectively.Therefore,MBR-DF system could effectively reduce the health hazards and ecological threats of effluent in recycling.
A pilot-scale experimental device of membrane bioreactor-ultra low-pressure selective nanofiltration(MBR-DF)was constructed to improve the quality of recycled water and the reduction of sludge.The MBR-DF hybrid system was used to treat the municipal sewage and operated in a zero-sludge manner,and a conventional activated sludge process(CAS)was established at the same time.The influent contents of COD,NH_4~+-N,TN and TP were 87.0-165.7,14.0-31.0,14.2-32.4,and 2.5-3.3 mgL,respectively.The results showed that the concentrated water zero-emission MBR-DF system had a good removal effect on COD,NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-),with the removal rates of 95.7%,99.0%and 68.5%,respectively.The removal rates of TDS and HCO_3~-were13.5%and 31.1%accordingly,and the total hardness of the effluent could be reduced effectively.The DF membrane had a significant retention effect on PO_4~(3-)and SO_4~(2-),had a poor retention effect on NO_3~-and had no retention effect on HCO_3~-.After the influent DOM was passed through MBR-DF system,only a small amount of tryptophan-like substances remained.The UV_(254)reduction rate of the influent DOM was 94.9%and the DOC removal rate was above 98.0%in the MBR-DF system.The degree of conversion of humus to non-humus was higher in the effluent DOM.The removal rates of 17-βestradiol(E2)by MBR-DF system and CAS system were99.9%and 70.8%,respectively.Therefore,MBR-DF system could effectively reduce the health hazards and ecological threats of effluent in recycling.
引文
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[2] SHON H K,VIGNESWARAN S,NGO H H. Effect of partial flocculation and adsorption as pretreatment to ultrafiltration[J].Aiche Journal,2006,52(1):207-216.
[3] OGOSHI M,SUZUKI Y,ASANO T. Water reuse in Japan[J].Water Science and Technology,2001,43(10):17-23.
[4] CHEN W P,LU S D,PAN N,et al. Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on soil health in urban green areas[J]. Chemosphere,2015,119:654-661.
[5] FAN Y P,CHEN W P,JIAO W T,et al. Cost-benefit analysis of reclaimed wastewater reuses in Beijing[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2015,53(5):1224-1233.
[6] LE-CLECH P. Membrane bioreactors and their uses in wastewater treatments[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2010,88(6):1253.
[7] VISVANATHAN C,AIM R B,PARAMESHWARAN K.Membrane separation bioreactors for wastewater treatment[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2000,30(1):1-48.
[8] CADOTTE J,FORESTER R,KIM M,et al. Nanofiltration membranes broaden the use of membrane separation technology[J]. Desalination,1988,70(1):77-88.
[9] CHON K,KIM S H,CHO J. Removal of N-nitrosamines in a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation:process efficiency and mechanisms[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,190:499-507.
[10] BANU J R,UAN D K,YEOM I T. Nutrient removal in an A2OMBR reactor with sludge reduction[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(16):3820-3824.
[11] YEOM I T,NAH Y M,AHN K H. Treatment of household wastewater using an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination,1999,124(1/2/3):193-203.
[12] ABEGGLEN C,OSPELT M,SIEGRIST H. Biological nutrient removal in a small-scale MBR treating household wastewater[J].Water Research,2008,42(1):338-346.
[13] LIU R,ZHOU J L,WILDING A. Simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupting phenolic compounds and steroids in water by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1022(1):179-189.
[14] STEDMON C A,MARKAGER S. Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697.
[15] HER N,AMY G,FOSS D,et al. Optimization of method for detecting and characterizing NOM by HPLC-size exclusion chromatography with UV and on-line DOC detection[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(5):1069-1076.
[16] GALAMBOS I,VATAI G,BEKSSY-MOLNR E. Membrane screening for humic substances removal[J]. Desalination,2004,162:111-116.
[17]胡尊芳.去除二级出水中典型内分泌干扰物的臭氧-超滤组合工艺[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[18] BARONTI C,CURINI R,D'ASCENZO G,et al. Monitoring natural and synthetic estrogens at activated sludge sewage treatment plants and in a receiving river water[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(24):5059-5066.