基于茎干液流法和涡度相关法的小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落蒸散特征
|
摘要
运用Dynamax茎流测量系统、涡度相关系统、气象-土壤环境观测系统进行连续观测,利用基径横截面积对单枝茎干液流进行尺度扩展,得到科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落蒸腾量(T),并与涡度相关系统观测的蒸散发量(ET)进行对比,详细分析了小叶锦鸡儿群落T与ET的变化特征以及群落水分收支状况。结果表明:(1)小叶锦鸡儿群落T、ET日变化趋势基本一致,均值分别为1.61 mm·d~(-1)、2.43 mm·d~(-1);(2)T、ET日内变化曲线分别呈宽幅单峰型、钟型分布,日累积量均呈"S"型增长趋势;(3)不同天气条件下T、ET日变化峰型各异,峰值及总量变化水平晴天高于阴雨天;(4)不同降水事件中,降雨时间不同导致T启动时间推迟或结束时间提前,ET发生时间降水前后无显著差异;降雨量P≤10 mm或P>20 mm时,雨后T有所降低,10 mm Horqin sandy land is one of the most typical desertification areas in North China, and Caragana microphylla is the typical vegetation in desert area. We measured transpiration and evapotranspiration of C. microphylla with packaged sap flow gauges and an eddy covariance system in Horqin sandy land. The basal diameter was used to scale the single stem flow to transpiration of C. microphylla. In contrast, the characteristics of transpiration(T) and evapotranspiration(ET), and water budget of the community were analyzed in detail. The results showed that:(1) the daily changes of T and ET of C. microphylla community were basically consistent, the daily mean values were 1.61 mm·d~(-1 )and 2.43 mm·d~(-1), respectively;(2) the daily variation curves of T and ET were wide and single peak type and clock type, and the daily accumulative process curves showed a "S" type growth trend;(3) in different weather conditions, the peaks of T and ET daily changes were different. The change level of total amount is higher than that of cloudy and rainy days;(4) in different precipitation events, the rainfall time varies lead to T start time or end time changed, there is no significant difference of ET occurrence time before and after rainfall; when P≤10 mm or P>20 mm, T has decreased after rainfall, 10 mmcant improve after rainfall; in different rainfall intensity, the peak and total amount of ET increased after rainfall, and the ET peak value was positively correlated with rainfall;(5) ET/P is 1.04, water budget of the C. microphylla community is nearly balance.
引文
[1] Zhao L W,Zhao W Z.Canopy transpiration obtained from leaf transpiration,sap flow and FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,29:2983-2993.
[2] 白岩,朱高峰,张琨,等.基于树干液流及涡动相关技术的葡萄冠层蒸腾及蒸散发特征研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7821-7831.
[3] 刘晨峰,张志强,孙阁,等.基于涡度相关法和树干液流法评价杨树人工林生态系统蒸发散及其环境响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):706-718.
[4] Ma J X,Chen Y N,Li W H,et al.Sap flow characteristics of four typical species in desert shelter forest and their responses to environmental factors[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(1):151-160.
[5] Ji X B,Zhao W Z,Kang E S,et al.Transpiration from three dominant shrub species in a desert-oasis ecotone of arid regions of Northwestern China[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(25):4841-4854.
[6] Baker J M,Bavel C H M.Measurement of mass flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1987,10:777-782.
[7] Williams D G,Cable W,Hultine K,et al.Evapotranspiration components determined by stable isotope,sap flow and eddy covariance techniques[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,125(3):241-258.
[8] 张晓艳.民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭人工林蒸散研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[9] 黄磊,张志山.荒漠人工植被区柠条和油蒿茎干液流动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):683-688.
[10] 孙志蓉,翟明普,王文全,等.小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗的生长规律[J].林业科技,2004,29(5):5-8.
[11] Allen S J,Grime V L.Measurements of transpiration from savannah shrubs using sap flow gauges[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1995,75(1):23-41.
[12] 王婧,刘廷玺,雷慧闽,等.科尔沁草甸生态系统净碳交换特征及其驱动因子[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):10-19.
[13] Wilson K B,Allen G,Eva F,et al.Energy balance closure at fluxnet sites[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,113:223-243.
[14] 张晓艳,褚建民,孟平,等.环境因子对民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭人工林蒸散的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2390-2400.
[15] 马虹,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.荒漠河岸柽柳灌丛的能量平衡特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):108-117.
[16] 司建华,冯起,张艳武,等.荒漠-绿洲芦苇地蒸散量及能量平衡特征[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(2):160-168.
[17] 郑涵,王秋凤,李英年,等.海北高寒灌丛草甸蒸散量特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3221-3228.
[18] 岳广阳,赵哈林,张铜会,等.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛群落蒸腾耗水量估算方法[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(3):508-515.
[19] 牛丽,岳广阳,赵哈林,等.利用液流法估算樟子松和小叶锦鸡儿人工林蒸腾耗水[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(6):1-8.
[20] 高浩,秦树高,朱林峰,等.单株油蒿蒸腾耗水特征及其与环境因素的关系[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):6029-6037.
[21] 鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等.黑河下游柽柳根系水力提升对林分蒸散的贡献[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6029-6037.
[22] 刘家霖,满秀玲.降雨和非降雨日兴安落叶松天然林蒸腾及蒸散发特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):5059-5069.
[23] 唐达,王辉,张谭,等.柴达木盆地沙棘茎流速率与环境因子的关系[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):630-637.
[24] 杨强,查天山,贾昕,等.花棒茎流对降雨的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):761-768.
[25] Zha T S,Qian D,Jia X,et al.Soil moisture control of sap-flow response to biophysical factors in a desert-shrub species,Artemisia ordosica [J].Biogeosciences,2017,14:4533-4544.
[26] 李思静,查天山,秦树高,等.油蒿茎流动态及其环境控制因子[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(1):1-7.
[27] Jian S Q,Wu Z N,Hu C H,et al.Sap flow in response to rainfall pulses for two shrub species in the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2016,2:121-132.
[28] 阿拉木萨,慈龙骏,杨晓晖,等.科尔沁沙地不同密度小叶锦鸡儿灌丛水量平衡研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):31-35.
[29] 王立新,刘华民,杨劼,等.毛乌素沙地气候变化及其对植被覆盖的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2030-2039.
[30] 岳喜元,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险评价[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):8-16.
[2] 白岩,朱高峰,张琨,等.基于树干液流及涡动相关技术的葡萄冠层蒸腾及蒸散发特征研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7821-7831.
[3] 刘晨峰,张志强,孙阁,等.基于涡度相关法和树干液流法评价杨树人工林生态系统蒸发散及其环境响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):706-718.
[4] Ma J X,Chen Y N,Li W H,et al.Sap flow characteristics of four typical species in desert shelter forest and their responses to environmental factors[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(1):151-160.
[5] Ji X B,Zhao W Z,Kang E S,et al.Transpiration from three dominant shrub species in a desert-oasis ecotone of arid regions of Northwestern China[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(25):4841-4854.
[6] Baker J M,Bavel C H M.Measurement of mass flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1987,10:777-782.
[7] Williams D G,Cable W,Hultine K,et al.Evapotranspiration components determined by stable isotope,sap flow and eddy covariance techniques[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,125(3):241-258.
[8] 张晓艳.民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭人工林蒸散研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[9] 黄磊,张志山.荒漠人工植被区柠条和油蒿茎干液流动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):683-688.
[10] 孙志蓉,翟明普,王文全,等.小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗的生长规律[J].林业科技,2004,29(5):5-8.
[11] Allen S J,Grime V L.Measurements of transpiration from savannah shrubs using sap flow gauges[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1995,75(1):23-41.
[12] 王婧,刘廷玺,雷慧闽,等.科尔沁草甸生态系统净碳交换特征及其驱动因子[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):10-19.
[13] Wilson K B,Allen G,Eva F,et al.Energy balance closure at fluxnet sites[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,113:223-243.
[14] 张晓艳,褚建民,孟平,等.环境因子对民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭人工林蒸散的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2390-2400.
[15] 马虹,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.荒漠河岸柽柳灌丛的能量平衡特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):108-117.
[16] 司建华,冯起,张艳武,等.荒漠-绿洲芦苇地蒸散量及能量平衡特征[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(2):160-168.
[17] 郑涵,王秋凤,李英年,等.海北高寒灌丛草甸蒸散量特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3221-3228.
[18] 岳广阳,赵哈林,张铜会,等.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛群落蒸腾耗水量估算方法[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(3):508-515.
[19] 牛丽,岳广阳,赵哈林,等.利用液流法估算樟子松和小叶锦鸡儿人工林蒸腾耗水[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(6):1-8.
[20] 高浩,秦树高,朱林峰,等.单株油蒿蒸腾耗水特征及其与环境因素的关系[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):6029-6037.
[21] 鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等.黑河下游柽柳根系水力提升对林分蒸散的贡献[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6029-6037.
[22] 刘家霖,满秀玲.降雨和非降雨日兴安落叶松天然林蒸腾及蒸散发特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):5059-5069.
[23] 唐达,王辉,张谭,等.柴达木盆地沙棘茎流速率与环境因子的关系[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):630-637.
[24] 杨强,查天山,贾昕,等.花棒茎流对降雨的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):761-768.
[25] Zha T S,Qian D,Jia X,et al.Soil moisture control of sap-flow response to biophysical factors in a desert-shrub species,Artemisia ordosica [J].Biogeosciences,2017,14:4533-4544.
[26] 李思静,查天山,秦树高,等.油蒿茎流动态及其环境控制因子[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(1):1-7.
[27] Jian S Q,Wu Z N,Hu C H,et al.Sap flow in response to rainfall pulses for two shrub species in the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2016,2:121-132.
[28] 阿拉木萨,慈龙骏,杨晓晖,等.科尔沁沙地不同密度小叶锦鸡儿灌丛水量平衡研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):31-35.
[29] 王立新,刘华民,杨劼,等.毛乌素沙地气候变化及其对植被覆盖的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2030-2039.
[30] 岳喜元,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险评价[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):8-16.