生物炭吸附重金属离子的研究进展
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摘要
生物炭在过去的十几年里受到了广泛关注,由于其低成本、环境友好、可再生等优点,在环境管理方面具有良好的应用前景。本文介绍了生物炭的概念、应用和性质,重点综述了生物炭吸附重金属离子的研究进展,并探讨了目前面临的挑战和应用前景。生物炭是在缺氧或无氧条件下热化学转化生物质得到多孔富碳材料,主要用于土壤改良,可以提高作物产量、实现碳封存以及减少温室气体排放,并且在催化、能源和水处理等方面具有潜在的应用。生物炭制备方法包括热解、气化、水热炭化等,生物炭的性质受生物质原料、制备工艺和技术参数影响。重点介绍了生物炭吸附重金属离子的相关研究,包括生物炭吸附重金属离子的影响因素、吸附机理和改性生物炭的制备。通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学和表征技术可以揭示表面络合、静电引力、表面沉淀和离子交换等吸附机理。生物炭吸附重金属离子的最新研究主要致力于通过改性提高生物炭的吸附性能,改性方法主要包括物理化学活化以及复合金属氧化物或化合物、功能有机物、纳米粒子等。生物炭吸附重金属离子面临一些问题和挑战,距离实际废水处理应用还有一定差距。
the past decades,biochar has received considerable attention due to potential environmental applications and advantages of low cost,environmental friendliness and renewability.In this paper,the concept,applications and properties of biochar were summarized,as well as research advances on adsorption of heavy metals.Biochar is the porous carbonaceous materials produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass in zero or limited oxygen atmosphere and it is suitable for soil amendment.Biochar can improve crop yields,realize carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change,and also has potential applications in catalysis,energy production and wastewater treatment.Biochar can be prepared by pyrolysis,gasification and hydrothermal carbonization,and its properties depend on biomass feeds,thermochemical process and technical parameters.Adsorption of heavy metals onto biochar was surveyed,including affecting parameters,adsorption mechanism and modifications of biochar.Adsorption mechanism can be revealed by adsorption kinetics,isotherms,thermodynamics and advanced characterizations.Recent advances focus on improving adsorption performance of biochar by surface modifications,which are achieved via physicochemical activations or impregnating metal oxides,functional organics or nano particles.There exist some challenges and wide gap for treatment of real wastewater by biochar.
the past decades,biochar has received considerable attention due to potential environmental applications and advantages of low cost,environmental friendliness and renewability.In this paper,the concept,applications and properties of biochar were summarized,as well as research advances on adsorption of heavy metals.Biochar is the porous carbonaceous materials produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass in zero or limited oxygen atmosphere and it is suitable for soil amendment.Biochar can improve crop yields,realize carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change,and also has potential applications in catalysis,energy production and wastewater treatment.Biochar can be prepared by pyrolysis,gasification and hydrothermal carbonization,and its properties depend on biomass feeds,thermochemical process and technical parameters.Adsorption of heavy metals onto biochar was surveyed,including affecting parameters,adsorption mechanism and modifications of biochar.Adsorption mechanism can be revealed by adsorption kinetics,isotherms,thermodynamics and advanced characterizations.Recent advances focus on improving adsorption performance of biochar by surface modifications,which are achieved via physicochemical activations or impregnating metal oxides,functional organics or nano particles.There exist some challenges and wide gap for treatment of real wastewater by biochar.
引文
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