新疆地区西门塔尔牛核心群选择
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摘要
【目的】多年来新疆地区西门塔尔牛的遗传改良取得一定的成效,但遗传评估工作开展较少。为加快西门塔尔牛的遗传进展,本研究通过对西门塔尔牛主要经济性状进行遗传评定、遗传趋势的分析、组建核心群并对比总性能指数(total performance index,TPI)选择和单性状选择的差异,旨在为今后制定和优化适合新疆地区西门塔尔牛的育种方案提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以新疆呼图壁种牛场1974—2014年出生的2 495头西门塔尔牛母牛生产性能记录、DHI测定记录、成母牛体重及外貌鉴定记录为研究对象,运用DMU软件采用AI-REML结合EM算法配合多性状动物模型对305 d产奶量(305MY)、乳脂率(MFP)、乳蛋白率(MPP)、乳糖率(MLP)、总固体(TS)、体细胞数(SCS)、成母牛体重(MCW)和外貌评分(TC)性状进行方差组分和育种值估计,并对305 d产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数和成母牛体重性状进行遗传趋势分析,最终通过总性能指数公式对该牧场种公牛进行遗传评价及筛选核心母牛群。【结果】西门塔尔牛305MY、MFP、MPP、MLP、TS、SCS、MCW和TC的遗传力分别为0.39、0.15、0.12、0.12、0.32、0.09、0.60、0.19,305MY、TS和MCW属于高遗传力(h2>0.3),MFP、MPP、MLP和TC属于中等遗传力(0.1 【Objective】In recent years, the genetic improvement of Simmental cattle in Xinjiang has achieved certain effects,however, the genetic evaluation work has been carried out less. In order to accelerate the genetic progress of Simmental cattle, this study aims to constitute and optimize the suitable breeding program of Simmental cattle in Xinjiang by using genetic evaluation,combined with genetic trend analysis to select nucleus herd and compare the results of TPI selection and single-trait selection.【Method】The research date including the production performance records, DHI testing, mature cow weight and type classification records of 2 495 Simmental cattles, were collected from Xinjiang Hutubi Herd farm during 1974 to 2014. The DMU software was applied together with AI-REML of EM algorithm and multiple-trait animal models to estimate the variance components and breeding values of 305 MY, MFP, MPP, MLP, TS, SCS, MCW and TC. The genetic trend analysis was perfromed in 305 MY, MFP, MPP, SCS and MCW. Finally, bulls and nucleus herd cows were selected by TPI.【Result】The results showed that Simmental cattle heritabilities of 305 MY, MFP, MPP, MLP, TS, SCS, MCW and TC were 0.39, 0.15, 0.12, 0.12, 0.32, 0.09, 0.60, 0.19, respectively. 305 MY, TS and MCW were high heritability(h2>0.3); MFP, MPP, MLP and TC were medium heritability(0.1lity(h2<0.1). Genetic trend of 305 MY did not change significantly from 1974 to 2007, and appeared obviously increasing trend from 2008 to 2012. Between 1974 and 2006, genetic trends of MFP and MPP showed a slightly downward trend, and appeared obviously increasing trend from 2007 to 2013. Genetic trend of SCS appeared obviously increasing trend from 1974 to 2000, and an upward trend from 2001 to 2012 is shown. Genetic trend of MCW had a big fluctuation from 1974 to 2007, and appeared obviously increasing trend from 2008 to 2011. Breeding values for bulls and herd cows were ranked according to total performance index.The TPI value of the first bull was 552.45, and average of top 10 bulls was 383.41. Average TPI value of 100 nucleus herd cows was214.91. Average value of 305 MY, MFP, MCW and TC phenotype values of 100 Average TPI value of 100 nucleus herd cows were7 095.10 kg, 4.13%, 696.53 kg and 76.73, respectively, which was higher than average of phenotype value in herd cows. The breeding values appeared to be different among single-trait selection and TPI. It is concluded that TPI selection was better than single-trait selection.【Conclusion】Recently, gentic trends of 305 MY, MPF, MPP and MCW of Simmental cattle were appeared obviously increasing trend, and SCS was a downward trend, which further proved that breeding and genetic improvement of Simmental cattle had achieved certain results. By comparing the differences between TPI selection and single-trait selection, it is proved that selection index was more practical in production, and farm will use more bulls with high TPI values. And the population of cattle group will be expanded on the basis of 100 nucleus herd cows. By selecting excellent bulls for breeding and expanding group, the purpose was improved production of the whole group in Simmental cattle.
引文
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[15]SU H,GOLDEN B,HYDE L,SANDERS S,GARRICK D.Genetic parameters for carcass and ultrasound traits in Hereford and admixed Simmental beef cattle:Accuracy of evaluating carcass traits.Journal of Animal Science,2017,95:4718-4727.
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[22]MIROSLAV K,MARIJA S.Estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values of milk traits for Simmental Cattle in croatia using a lactation animal model.Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus,2004,69(4):91-94.
[23]GORGULU O.Path analysis on effective factors affecting 305-D milk yield in Simmental cattle.International Journal of a Griculture&Biology,2011(13):381-385.
[24]LUDOVIC T C,DANIELA E I,RADU I N,FLORIN C N,SILVIU IS,DINU G.Comparative study on production,reproduction and functional traits between Fleckvieh and Braunvieh cattle.Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,30(5):666-670.
[25]ATAKAN K.A study of the reproductive performance,milk yield,milk constituents,and somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cows.Turkish Journal of Veterinary&Animal Sciences,2011,35(5):295-302.
[26]ZDENKO I,MARIJA P,VESNA B,PERO M,ANTE I,DRAGO S.Estimation of genetic parameters and environmental effects on somatic cell count in Simmental and Holstein breeds.Mljekarstvo,2012,62(2):143-150.
[27]RODICA S P,GROSU H,CRISTINA L,GRAS M A,U?A R A,GHITA E.Estimation of the genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in Montbeliarde cattle.Archiva Zootechnica,2015,18(1):41-51.
[28]ERIKA F,ANTONIA B S,DANIELE V,ALESSANDRO B,OTTAVIA P.Heritabilities and genetic correlations of body condition score and muscularity with productive traits and their trend functions in Italian Simmental cattle.Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus,2013,40(12):240-246.
[29]PANTELIC V,PLAVSIC M,TRIVUNOVIC S,ALEKSIC S,SRETENOVIC L,OSTOJIC-ANDRIC D,NIKSIC D.The evaluation of breeding value of Simmental bulls for milk performance in Serbia.Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry,2011,27(2):127-135.
[30]DAMITIE K,KOMLOS I.Evaluation of genetic parameters and growth traits of Hungarian Simmental cattle breed.Livestock Research for Rural Development,2015,27(9):123-127.
[31]李俊雅.中国西门塔尔牛开放核心群优化育种规划的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.LI J Y.Study on optimization of open nucleus breeding scheme for Chinese Simmental[D].Beijing:Agricultural University of China,2003.(in Chinese)
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[2]陈幼春.西门塔尔牛的中国化.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.CHEN Y C.Sinicization of Simmental Cattle.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[3]许尚忠,陈幼春,张忠盛.应用总性能指数(TPI)评定西门塔尔种公牛.畜牧与兽医,1986(4):149-150.XU S Z,CHEN Y C,ZHANG Z S.Evaluation of Simmental bulls with the Total Performance Index(TPI).Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,1986(4):149-150.(in Chinese)
[4]任红艳.中国西门塔尔牛开放核心群育种效果分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2001.REN H Y.Analysis of breeding effect of Chinese Simmental using open nucleus breeding system[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2001.(in Chinese)
[5]赵静,吕文发,陈德全,许尚忠,李俊雅.中国西门塔尔母牛主要繁殖性状遗传统计分析.吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(4):99-102.ZHAO J,LüW F,CHEN D Q,XU S Z,LI J Y.Genetic and statistical analysis is on main reproduction traits of Chinese Simmental.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2002,24(4):99-102.(in Chinese)
[6]范大有,许尚忠,李俊雅,任红艳,杨雪丽.中国西门塔尔牛次级性状与生产性状的遗传统计分析.畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(8):1025-1032.FAN D Y,XU S Z,LI J Y,REN H Y,YANG X L.Genetic and statistical analysis between production traits and secondary traits in Chinese Simmental.Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2008,39(8):1025-1032.(in Chinese)
[7]汪春乾,许尚忠,陈宏权,李俊雅.中国西门塔尔牛生长性状遗传参数估计.安徽农业大学学报,2004(04):417-420.WANG C Q,XU S Z,CHEN H Q,LI J Y.Estimating parameters growth traits of Chinese Simmental.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2004(04):417-420.(in Chinese)
[8]牛红,宝金山,吴洋,朱波,张文刚,夏江威,宋禹昕,郭鹏,徐凌洋,陈燕,高雪,张路培,高会江,李俊雅.中国西门塔尔牛肉用群体重要经济性状遗传参数估计.畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(09):1817-1823.NIU H,BAO J S,WU Y,ZHU B,ZHANG W G,XIA J W,SONG Y X,GUO P,XU L Y,CHEN Y,GAO X,ZHANG L P,GAO H J,LI J Y.Estimation of genetic parameters for economic important traits in Chinese Simmental beef cattle.Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,47(09):1817-1823.(in Chinese)
[9]周桂珍,魏趁,张晓雪,管潇萌,赵雄,彭箫,黄锡霞,马光辉.用DMU软件估计西门塔尔母牛主要经济性状的遗传参数.中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(06):43-46.ZHOU G Z,WEI C,ZHANG X X,GUAN X M,ZHAO X,PENG X,HUANG X X,MA G H.Estimation of genetic parameters of main economic characters of Simmental cattle by DMU software.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(06):43-46.(in Chinese)
[10]GOTZ K U,LUNTZ B,ROBEIS J,EDEL C,EMMERLING R,BUITKAMP J,ANZENBERGER H,DUDA J.Polled Fleckvieh(Simmental)cattle-Current state of the breeding program.Livestock Science,2015,179:80-85.
[11]GORGULU O.Path analysis on effective factors affecting 305-D milk yield in Simmental cattle.International Journal of a Griculture&Biology,2011(13):381-385.
[12]JAMROZIK J,MCGRATH S,KEMP R A,MILLER S P.Estimates of genetic parameters for stayability to consecutive calvings of Canadian Simmentals by random regression models.Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(8):3634-3643.
[13]MILUN P D,VLADAN B,MILAN P M,SNEZANA B,RADOJICAD,RADICA D,SIMEON R.Effect of non-genetic factors on standard lactation milk performance traits in Simmental cows.Journals of Animal Science,2015,15(1):211-220.
[14]RODICA S P,GROSU H,CRISTINA L,ROTAR C M,ANDREEA V,GRAS M A,U?A R A,ELENA G.Estimation of the genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in Montbeliarde cattle.Archiva Zootechnica,2015,18(1):41-51.
[15]SU H,GOLDEN B,HYDE L,SANDERS S,GARRICK D.Genetic parameters for carcass and ultrasound traits in Hereford and admixed Simmental beef cattle:Accuracy of evaluating carcass traits.Journal of Animal Science,2017,95:4718-4727.
[16]王根林.养牛学.北京:中国农业出版社,2006.WANG G L.Cattle Science.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[17]张文龙.新疆三个品种牛泌乳曲线的分析及产奶量校正系数的制定[D].乌鲁木齐市:新疆农业大学,2013.ZHANG W L.The analysis of lactation curve and milk yield correction coefficient formulation on three varieties of cattle in Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[18]张文龙,余雄,黄锡霞,帕尔哈提,热西提,孙红晨,马光辉,葛建军.新疆西门塔尔牛泌乳曲线的分析及305d产奶量校正系数的制定.新疆农业大学学报,2013(3):177-182.ZHANG W L,YU X,HUANU X X,PA E H T,RE X T,SUN H C,MA G H,GE J J.Analysis on lactation curve of Simmental cows and formulation of correction coefficient for 305 days milk yield in Xinjiang.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013(3):177-182.(in Chinese)
[19]Shook G E.Genetic improvement of mastitis through selection on somatic cell count.Veterinary Clinics of Nortn America Food Animal Practice,1993,9(3):563-581.
[20]叶东东.新疆呼图壁种牛场荷斯坦牛遗传参数估计和动物模型BLUP遗传评定研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.YE D D.Studies of genetic parameter estimation and genetic evaluation using animal model BULP in Holstein cattle in Xinjiang Hutubi herd farm[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2011.(in Chinese)
[21]李金霞,叶东东,付雪峰,刘丽元,葛建军,黄锡霞,马光辉.新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛育种值的估计及总性能指数的制定.家畜生态学报,2016,37(7):20-24.LI J X,YE D D,FU X F,LIU L Y,GE J J,HUANG X X,MA G H.Estimation of breeding values for Chinese Holstein cattle and making of the Total Performance Index.Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2016,37(7):20-24.(in Chinese)
[22]MIROSLAV K,MARIJA S.Estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values of milk traits for Simmental Cattle in croatia using a lactation animal model.Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus,2004,69(4):91-94.
[23]GORGULU O.Path analysis on effective factors affecting 305-D milk yield in Simmental cattle.International Journal of a Griculture&Biology,2011(13):381-385.
[24]LUDOVIC T C,DANIELA E I,RADU I N,FLORIN C N,SILVIU IS,DINU G.Comparative study on production,reproduction and functional traits between Fleckvieh and Braunvieh cattle.Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,30(5):666-670.
[25]ATAKAN K.A study of the reproductive performance,milk yield,milk constituents,and somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cows.Turkish Journal of Veterinary&Animal Sciences,2011,35(5):295-302.
[26]ZDENKO I,MARIJA P,VESNA B,PERO M,ANTE I,DRAGO S.Estimation of genetic parameters and environmental effects on somatic cell count in Simmental and Holstein breeds.Mljekarstvo,2012,62(2):143-150.
[27]RODICA S P,GROSU H,CRISTINA L,GRAS M A,U?A R A,GHITA E.Estimation of the genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in Montbeliarde cattle.Archiva Zootechnica,2015,18(1):41-51.
[28]ERIKA F,ANTONIA B S,DANIELE V,ALESSANDRO B,OTTAVIA P.Heritabilities and genetic correlations of body condition score and muscularity with productive traits and their trend functions in Italian Simmental cattle.Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus,2013,40(12):240-246.
[29]PANTELIC V,PLAVSIC M,TRIVUNOVIC S,ALEKSIC S,SRETENOVIC L,OSTOJIC-ANDRIC D,NIKSIC D.The evaluation of breeding value of Simmental bulls for milk performance in Serbia.Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry,2011,27(2):127-135.
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