丹霞山世界自然遗产地旅游生态系统能值分析
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摘要
基于能值理论与方法,通过实地调研、访谈咨询和查阅文献,搜集研究所需的相关数据,构建丹霞山旅游生态系统能量分析结构图和能值指标体系。从遗产地母系统和景区、乡村旅游亚系统两个层面,从生态、社会和经济3个角度,对丹霞山旅游生态系统的自然资产、生态服务、经济功能和社会效益等主要能值指标进行分析,并将丹霞山的能值研究结果,与其他方法研究丹霞山的研究结果、与其他地区的能值研究结果进行比较。结果表明,丹霞山世界自然遗产地拥有的砂砾岩自然资产总能值为1.94×10~(43) sej,生物多样性总能值为6.09×10~(27) sej,二者合计的总能值——货币价值为4.25×1031 yuan($)。同时,2016年丹霞山世界自然遗产地的生态服务总能值为2.61×1020 sej·a~(-1),社会教育总能值为4.27×10~(21) sej·a~(-1)。得益于得天独厚的自然资源优势,丹霞山景区旅游亚系统社会经济投入强度较低,其能值自给率和能值经济效益分别是乡村旅游亚系统的45倍和4倍。以餐饮和民宿为主的乡村旅游亚系统的人力投入是景区旅游的3倍多的同时,污染物排放环境压力是景区的81倍。丹霞山旅游生态系统、景区旅游亚系统和乡村旅游亚系统的能值可持续ESI指数分别为10.83、4.05和0.02,3个系统分属不同旅游经济发展状态。最后从遗产地、景区、乡村和政府4个方面提出丹霞山旅游生态系统的优化建议,如遗产地方面,扩大遗产地接待游客的面积;景区旅游方面,重点打造科普旅游品牌;乡村旅游方面,规范管理引领美丽乡村建设;地方政府方面,加强环境整治和开发引导。
Based on emergy theory and method,the energy analysis model and emergy value index system of Danxia Mountain Tourism Ecosystem were constructed by collecting relevant data for research through field research,interview consultations and literature.The main emergy indices of the tourism ecosystem of Danxia Mountain such as natural assets,ecological services,economic functions and social benefits had been studied from two aspects,heritage master system,scenic spot and rural tourism subsystem,and from three angles of ecology,society and economy.The emergy study of Danxia Mountain was compared with that of other methods and other regions.The research results show that the total emergy value of gravel rock natural assets owned by Danxia Mountain World Natural Heritage was 1.94×10~(43) sej,and the total emergy value of biodiversity was 6.09×10~(27) sej.The total emergy-monetary value was 4.25 ×1031 yuan.At the same time,the total ecological service value of the Danxia Mountain World Natural Heritage was 2.61×1 020 sej·a~(-1) in 2016,and the total social education value was 4.27×10~(21) sej·a~(-1).Benefiting from the advantages of natural resources,Danxia Mountain Scenic Area tourist sub-system had low social and economic investment intensity,and its emergy self-support ratio and emergy economic value were 45 times and 4 times that of rural tourism sub-system,mainly catering and lodging.The human investment of the rural tourism sub-system was more than 3 times that of scenic spots.At the same time,the environmental pressure of pollutant discharge was 81 times that of scenic spots.The ESI indices of Danxia Mountain tourism ecosystem,scenic tourism subsystem and rural tourism subsystem were 10.83,4.05 and 0.02 respectively.The three systems belonged to different tourism economic development states.Finally,the paper had proposed the optimization of Danxia Mountain tourism ecosystem from four aspects of heritage,scenic spot,countryside and government.It was proposed to expand the area of heritage sites to receive tourists from heritage sites,to focus on building popular science tourism brands from scenic tourism,to lead beautiful village construction by normative management from rural tourism,to strengthen environmental control and development guidance from local governments.
Based on emergy theory and method,the energy analysis model and emergy value index system of Danxia Mountain Tourism Ecosystem were constructed by collecting relevant data for research through field research,interview consultations and literature.The main emergy indices of the tourism ecosystem of Danxia Mountain such as natural assets,ecological services,economic functions and social benefits had been studied from two aspects,heritage master system,scenic spot and rural tourism subsystem,and from three angles of ecology,society and economy.The emergy study of Danxia Mountain was compared with that of other methods and other regions.The research results show that the total emergy value of gravel rock natural assets owned by Danxia Mountain World Natural Heritage was 1.94×10~(43) sej,and the total emergy value of biodiversity was 6.09×10~(27) sej.The total emergy-monetary value was 4.25 ×1031 yuan.At the same time,the total ecological service value of the Danxia Mountain World Natural Heritage was 2.61×1 020 sej·a~(-1) in 2016,and the total social education value was 4.27×10~(21) sej·a~(-1).Benefiting from the advantages of natural resources,Danxia Mountain Scenic Area tourist sub-system had low social and economic investment intensity,and its emergy self-support ratio and emergy economic value were 45 times and 4 times that of rural tourism sub-system,mainly catering and lodging.The human investment of the rural tourism sub-system was more than 3 times that of scenic spots.At the same time,the environmental pressure of pollutant discharge was 81 times that of scenic spots.The ESI indices of Danxia Mountain tourism ecosystem,scenic tourism subsystem and rural tourism subsystem were 10.83,4.05 and 0.02 respectively.The three systems belonged to different tourism economic development states.Finally,the paper had proposed the optimization of Danxia Mountain tourism ecosystem from four aspects of heritage,scenic spot,countryside and government.It was proposed to expand the area of heritage sites to receive tourists from heritage sites,to focus on building popular science tourism brands from scenic tourism,to lead beautiful village construction by normative management from rural tourism,to strengthen environmental control and development guidance from local governments.
引文
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窦嘉顺,2016.洱海流域村落污水类型及污染特征分析[J].环境科学导刊,35(3):59-63.DOU J S,2016.Sources and characteristics of village sewage in the Erhai Lake basin[J].Environmental Science Survey,35(3):59-63.
何秋香,王菲凤,2010.福州青口投资区工业系统能值分析[J].福建师范大学学报,26(3):104-111.HE Q X,WANG F F,2010.Study on emergy analysis of the industry ecosystem of Fuzhou Qingkou investment zone[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University,26(3):104-111.
胡振华,廖秋林,胡磊,等,2013.广东丹霞山风景区旅游生态足迹分析[J].绿色科技(1):244-247.HU Z H,LIAO Q Q,HU L,et al.,2013.Analysis of tourist ecological footprint of Mount Danxiashan in Guangdong province[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology(1):244-247.
何哲峰,2018.地质公园科普旅游资源评价研究:以丹霞山世界地质公园为例[D].北京:中国地质大学.HE Z F,2018.Research on the evaluation of popular science tourism resources for geoparks:Based on Danxiashan Global Geopark[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences.
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