汶川地震和科学钻探
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摘要
2008年5月12日,在我国四川省发生了震撼世界的汶川特大地震,给人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。在汶川特大地震发生及其余震尚在继续的特殊时期,快速实施汶川地震断裂带的科学钻探(WFSD),是认识地震发生的机制、继续对余震进行有效监控以及提高地震监视和预警的能力的极佳机遇。2008年11月6日,汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程开工典礼在四川省都江堰市虹口乡举行,标志着地震机制的研究跨上了新的台阶。通过对科学钻孔的直接取样,多学科观测和测试,揭示地震断裂带的深部组分、结构和构造属性,重塑地震断裂带的物理和化学过程,为提高未来地震的监测、预报或预警能力提供重要信息。
On 12 May 2008, a destructive earthquake of magnitude MS=8.0 struck the Longmen Shan region, Sichuan province, China. This earthquake caused huge losses of people's lives and property. During the special period after the Wenchuan earthquake and the aftershock is still ongoing, rapid scientific drilling on the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone (WFSD) would provide critical data to constrain the mechanism for the Wenchuan earthquake, and improve our capability to forecast and mitigate the loss of future great earthquakes.The opening ceremony of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone Scientific Drilling (WFSD) was hold on 6 November, 2008 at Hongkou, Dujiangyan, Sichuan province. This heralds a new stage of earthquake research. Through direct sampling on the seismic fault zone, multi-disciplinary borehole observations and tests, critical information with respect to the composition, texture and structure of the seismic fault zone at depth, physical and chemical properties of fault zone materials can be acquired. Such a rich data set is essential for us to better understand the energy budget and rupture process of large destructive earthquakes. This improving understanding on the physical and chemical behavior of a seismic fault zone would provide key information for us to upgrade our capability of forcasting, predicting and early warning of future large earthquakes.
On 12 May 2008, a destructive earthquake of magnitude MS=8.0 struck the Longmen Shan region, Sichuan province, China. This earthquake caused huge losses of people's lives and property. During the special period after the Wenchuan earthquake and the aftershock is still ongoing, rapid scientific drilling on the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone (WFSD) would provide critical data to constrain the mechanism for the Wenchuan earthquake, and improve our capability to forecast and mitigate the loss of future great earthquakes.The opening ceremony of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone Scientific Drilling (WFSD) was hold on 6 November, 2008 at Hongkou, Dujiangyan, Sichuan province. This heralds a new stage of earthquake research. Through direct sampling on the seismic fault zone, multi-disciplinary borehole observations and tests, critical information with respect to the composition, texture and structure of the seismic fault zone at depth, physical and chemical properties of fault zone materials can be acquired. Such a rich data set is essential for us to better understand the energy budget and rupture process of large destructive earthquakes. This improving understanding on the physical and chemical behavior of a seismic fault zone would provide key information for us to upgrade our capability of forcasting, predicting and early warning of future large earthquakes.
引文
邓起东,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2007.中国活动构造图.北京:地震出版社.
贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,张惬,魏东涛,沈扬.2003.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育.高校地质学报,9(3):402~410.
许志琴,侯立炜,王宗秀,等.1992.松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1~190.
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场.地学前缘,9(2):442~450.
詹秀春,罗立强,李迎春,唐力君,李东.2005.关于CCSD主孔4820~4930m井段气体异常的初步解释.中国地质,32(2):320~329.
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Chen S F,Wilson C J L.1995,Emplacement of the Longmen ShanThrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the TibetanPlateau.Journal of Structural Geology,18:413~430.
Chen Z L,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,King R W,Royden L H,Tang W,Wang E,Zhao J,Zhang X.2000.Global Positioning Systemmeasurements from eastern Tibet and their i mplications forIndia/Eurasia intercontinental deformation.Journal ofGeophysical Research,105:16215~16227.
Fukuchi T,Yurugi J,I mai N.2007.ESR detection of seismicfrictional heating events in the Noji ma fault drill core samples,Japan.Tectonophysics,443:127~138.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.020.
Hashi moto Y,Ujiie K,Sakaguchi A,Tanaka H.2007.Characteristics andi mplication of clay minerals in the northernand southern parts of the Chelung-pu fault,Tai wan.Tectonophysics,443:233~242.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.024.
Kitagawa Y,Fuji mori K,Koizumi N.2007.Temporal change inpermeability of the Noji ma fault zone by repeated waterinjectionexperi ments.Tectonophysics,443:183~192.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.012.
Niu F L,Silver P G,Daley T M,et al.2008.Preseismic velocitychanges observed fromactive source monitoring at the ParkfieldSAFOD drill site.Nature,454:204~209.doi:10.1038/nature07111.
Sakaguchi A,Yanagihara A,Ujiie K,Tanaka H,Kameyama M.2007.Thermal maturity of a fold thrust belt based on vitrinitereflectance analysis in the Western Foothills complex,westernTai wan.Tectonophysics,443:220~232.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.017.
Tagami T,Murakami M.2007.Probingfault zone heterogeneity onthe Noji ma fault:Constraints fromzircon fission-track analysisof borehole samples.Tectonophysics,443:139~153.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.013.
Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing,Hou Li wei,Fu Xiaofan,CaiZhihui.2008.Uplift of the Longmenshan range and theWenchuan earthquake.Episodes,31(3):291~301.
Yamada R,Matsuda T,Omura K.2007.Apatite and zirconfission-track dating from the Hirabayashi-NIED borehole,Noji maFault,Japan:Evidence for anomalous heatinginfracture zones.Tectonophysics,443:153~160.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.014.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z,Wang M,Gan W,Burgmann R,Molnar P,Wang Q,Niu Z,Sun J,Wu J,Sun H,You X.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from GlobalPositioning Systemdata.Geology,32:809~812.
Zoback M D,Hickman S,Ellsworth W.2007.The role of faultzone drilling.Geophysics,4:649~674.
贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,张惬,魏东涛,沈扬.2003.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育.高校地质学报,9(3):402~410.
许志琴,侯立炜,王宗秀,等.1992.松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1~190.
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场.地学前缘,9(2):442~450.
詹秀春,罗立强,李迎春,唐力君,李东.2005.关于CCSD主孔4820~4930m井段气体异常的初步解释.中国地质,32(2):320~329.
Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,van der Hilst R D,Hager B H,ChenZ,King R W,Li C,Lu J,Yao H,Kirby E.2008.Ageological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquakeof12May2008,Sichuan,People's Republic of China.GSAToday,18(7):10.1130/GSATG18A.1.
Chen S F,Wilson C J L.1995,Emplacement of the Longmen ShanThrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the TibetanPlateau.Journal of Structural Geology,18:413~430.
Chen Z L,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,King R W,Royden L H,Tang W,Wang E,Zhao J,Zhang X.2000.Global Positioning Systemmeasurements from eastern Tibet and their i mplications forIndia/Eurasia intercontinental deformation.Journal ofGeophysical Research,105:16215~16227.
Fukuchi T,Yurugi J,I mai N.2007.ESR detection of seismicfrictional heating events in the Noji ma fault drill core samples,Japan.Tectonophysics,443:127~138.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.020.
Hashi moto Y,Ujiie K,Sakaguchi A,Tanaka H.2007.Characteristics andi mplication of clay minerals in the northernand southern parts of the Chelung-pu fault,Tai wan.Tectonophysics,443:233~242.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.024.
Kitagawa Y,Fuji mori K,Koizumi N.2007.Temporal change inpermeability of the Noji ma fault zone by repeated waterinjectionexperi ments.Tectonophysics,443:183~192.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.012.
Niu F L,Silver P G,Daley T M,et al.2008.Preseismic velocitychanges observed fromactive source monitoring at the ParkfieldSAFOD drill site.Nature,454:204~209.doi:10.1038/nature07111.
Sakaguchi A,Yanagihara A,Ujiie K,Tanaka H,Kameyama M.2007.Thermal maturity of a fold thrust belt based on vitrinitereflectance analysis in the Western Foothills complex,westernTai wan.Tectonophysics,443:220~232.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.017.
Tagami T,Murakami M.2007.Probingfault zone heterogeneity onthe Noji ma fault:Constraints fromzircon fission-track analysisof borehole samples.Tectonophysics,443:139~153.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.013.
Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing,Hou Li wei,Fu Xiaofan,CaiZhihui.2008.Uplift of the Longmenshan range and theWenchuan earthquake.Episodes,31(3):291~301.
Yamada R,Matsuda T,Omura K.2007.Apatite and zirconfission-track dating from the Hirabayashi-NIED borehole,Noji maFault,Japan:Evidence for anomalous heatinginfracture zones.Tectonophysics,443:153~160.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.014.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z,Wang M,Gan W,Burgmann R,Molnar P,Wang Q,Niu Z,Sun J,Wu J,Sun H,You X.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from GlobalPositioning Systemdata.Geology,32:809~812.
Zoback M D,Hickman S,Ellsworth W.2007.The role of faultzone drilling.Geophysics,4:649~674.
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