结构半主动控制研究中存在的若干问题
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摘要
近年来,半主动控制系统在国内外受到了诸多关注,取得了很大的研究进展,但是仍然存在明显的不足之处。本文提出了半主动控制系统研究过程中有待解决的若干关键问题。首先综述了各种半主动控制装置和对应控制律设计的研究现状,然后分析了它们各自的优缺点。此外,也就足尺控制系统研发、控制律设计、控制装置优化和时滞补偿等半主动控制系统中的共性问题进行了分析,并给出了相应的建议。研究指出:常规变刚度控制系统抑制振动频带窄,并且不利于结构的加速度反应控制;粘性变阻尼控制与被动阻尼控制相比仅在结构远离共振时才有意义。
In recent years,considerable attention has been paid to research and development of semiacitve structural control systems,and great progress has been made.However,the latest research results show that there still exist significant limitations for engineering application.Some key problems in developing the semiacitve control system are presented in this paper.First,a detailed review of semiactive control systems is provided including the recent advances in design of both control devices and control algorithms.The semiactive systems which are reviewed include variable stiffness systems,variable fluid dampers,magnetorheological dampers,tuned mass dampers and tuned liquid dampers.Next,their advantages and limitations are also discussed.In addition,some suggestions for design of full-scale control devices and control algorithms,placement optimization of control devices and compensation of time delay are also given.It is pointed out that:(1) the traditional variable stiffness system can only adjust the frequency of the structure within a narrow frequency band,and may be negative for the acceleration response control of the structure;(2) only far from the resonance may the variable dampers be effective for seismic response control of structures as compared to the passive dampers.
In recent years,considerable attention has been paid to research and development of semiacitve structural control systems,and great progress has been made.However,the latest research results show that there still exist significant limitations for engineering application.Some key problems in developing the semiacitve control system are presented in this paper.First,a detailed review of semiactive control systems is provided including the recent advances in design of both control devices and control algorithms.The semiactive systems which are reviewed include variable stiffness systems,variable fluid dampers,magnetorheological dampers,tuned mass dampers and tuned liquid dampers.Next,their advantages and limitations are also discussed.In addition,some suggestions for design of full-scale control devices and control algorithms,placement optimization of control devices and compensation of time delay are also given.It is pointed out that:(1) the traditional variable stiffness system can only adjust the frequency of the structure within a narrow frequency band,and may be negative for the acceleration response control of the structure;(2) only far from the resonance may the variable dampers be effective for seismic response control of structures as compared to the passive dampers.
引文
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[17]何玉敖,冯德平.主动变刚度体系(AVS)多模态优化控制研究[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(3):53-59.
[18]吴波,刘汾涛,魏德敏.变刚度半主动控制结构的拟振型分解法[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(9):85-90.
[19]Hrovat D,Barak P,Rabins M.Semiactive versus passive oractive tuned mass dampers for structural control[J].Journal ofEngineering Mechanics,1983,109(3):691-705.
[20]Feng Q,Shinozuka M.Use of a variable damper for hybridcontrol of bridge response under earthquake[C]∥Proceeding ofU.S.National Workshop on Structural Control Research.USA:USC Publication Number CE-9013,1990:107-112.
[21]Sack R L,Patten W.Semi-active Hydraulic Structural Control[C]∥Proceedings of the International Workshop on StructuralControl.USA:USC Publication Number CE-9311,1994:417-431.
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[23]Loh C H,Ma M J.Control of seismically excited buildingstructures using variable damper systems[J].EngineeringStructures,1996,18(4):279-287.
[24]Symans M D,Constantinou M C,Taylor D P,Garnjost K D.Semi-active fluid dampers for seismic response control[C]∥Proceedings of First World Conference on Structural Control.LosAngeles,California:USC Publications,1994:FA4-3-FA4-12.
[25]Symans M D,Constantinou M C.Development and experimentalstudy of semi-active fluid damping devices for seismic protectionof structures[R].Report No.NCEER-95-0011,StateUniversity of New York at Buffalo,Buffalo,N.Y.,1995.
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[27]Kobori T.Mission and perspective towards future structuralcontrol research[C]∥Proceedings of the 2nd World Conferenceon Structural Control[C].Kyoto,Japan:John Wiley and Sons,1998:25-34.
[28]Kurata N,Kobori T,Takahashi M,Niwa N,Midorikawa H.Actual seismic response controlled building with semi-activedamper system[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,1999,28(11):1427-1447.
[29]孙作玉.变阻尼半主动结构控制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,1998.
[30]李惠,袁雪松,吴波.粘滞流体变阻尼半主动控制器对结构抗震控制的试验研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(1):25-30.
[31]Setareh M.Use of semi-active tuned mass dampers for vibrationcontrol of force-excited structures[J].Structural Engineeringand Mechanics,2001,11(4):341-356.
[32]Sadek F,Mohraz B.Semiactive control algorithms for structureswith variable dampers[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(9):981-990.
[33]孙作玉,张微敬.基于RDRNN的变阻尼半主动结构控制遗传算法[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000,33(2):8-12.
[34]周锡元,闫维明,杨润林.建筑结构的隔震、减振和振动控制[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(2):2-13.
[35]Yang R L,Zhou X Y,Liu X H.A preliminary study ofstructural semiactive control using variable dampers[C]∥Proceedings of Advances in Building Technology.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2002.
[36]Spencer Jr B F,Dyke S J,Sain M K,Carlson J D.Phenomenological model of a magnetorheological damper[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1997,123(3):230-238.
[37]Dyke S J,Spencer Jr B F,Sain M K,Carlson J D.Modelingand control of magnetorheological dampers for seismic responsereduction[J].Smart Materials and Structures,1996,5(5):565-575.
[38]欧进萍,关新春.磁流变耗能器性能的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(4):76-81.
[39]李忠献,吴林林,徐龙河等.磁流变阻尼器的构造设计及其阻尼力性能的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(1):128-132.
[40]瞿伟廉,刘嘉.MR阻尼器力学模型的性能试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(12):41-44.
[41]Stanway R,Sproston J L,Stevens N G.Non-linear identificationof an electrorheological vibration damper[C]∥IFACIdentification and System Parameter Estimation.York,UK:ELSEVIER,1985:195-200.
[42]Stanway R,Sproston J L,Stevens N G.Non-linear modelling ofan electro-rheological vibration damper[J].Journal ofElectrostatics,1987,20(2):167-184.
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