摘要
For solving the problems of analyzing the 2013 flood within the Amur river basin we undertook an array of investigations including field work, a statistical processing of hydrological monitoring results, a hydrodynamical modeling, calculations of the flood flow regulation in the simulation mode, a study of flow formation, etc. We discuss the formation conditions of the highest discharges and levels for the flooding process, and examine the state of knowledge concerning the drainage basin, and the methods of assessing the calculated hydrological characteristics. An analysis is made of the processes of directional accumulation in the lower reach of the Amur, and their effects on the degree of flood hazard. It is shown that the height of flood in the lower reach is influenced, in addition to economic development, by specific factors caused by alluvium accumulation in the river valley. The study revealed a substantial decrease in discharge capacity of the river channel in the area of the Khabarovsk water node and downstream, including as a result of the measures for purposeful streamflow redistribution between the branches, which contributed to an increase in water surface elevations in 2013 to extreme values. An analysis of the water levels in the middle and lower reaches of the Amur was made using a package of models to demonstrate that the existing nonstationarity of changes in water surface elevations is largely due to the streamflow regulation as well as to the various types of anthropogenic impact on the state of the channel and floodplain, and on the hydraulic state of the water flow. Keywords disastrous flood highest levels anthropogenic impact channel processes