基于网络重构与SNOP协调控制的交直流混合高压配电网阻塞管控模型
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摘要
传统交流系统的负荷转供依赖倒闸重构操作,机械过程响应速度慢、操作流程复杂,已经无法有效地缓解结构复杂、负荷快速大幅波动的城市高压配网中的局部运行阻塞,交直流混合配电网具有拓扑灵活、潮流可控的优势,可以利用电力电子换流设备加入可控直流环节提升线路的传输能力,实现负载均衡和连续快速转供,提出将城市配网中的部分交流联络开关改造为背靠背电压源型换流器(VSC)控制的智能软开关(SNOP),这种交直流组网方式在融入可控直流环节的同时最大限度的保留了原有交流配电系统的存量资产,在此基础上建立SNOP端口功率控制与高压配电网供电路径转换的联合运行优化模型,算例验证数据表明此方案充分利用了SNOP对线路潮流的灵活控制,根据负荷变化动态建立传输路径,有效缓解了局部运行阻塞,同时控制成本更低,还能减少备供线路的投资。
As the urban electricity load grows rapidly these years, especially the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, some urban transmission networks would be more vulnerable to experience serious transmission congestion due to the limited line transmission capacity. In addition, the varying profile of power flow caused by the mobility of electric vehicles also require a flexible management method to relieve congestion occurred in some part of the transmission network. With the improvement of DC transmission devices, especially the emergence of voltage source converter(VSC) and soft normally open point(SNOP) as the core components of DC transmission technique, the transmission congestion problems can be addressed by utilizing the controlling schemes of SNOPs. Thus, this paper proposed a VSC-based SNOP operation methodology aiming at alleviating transmission congestion. In order to fully develop the controlling capability of SNOPs, a high voltage distribution network(HVDN) line switching model was established to build a transfer path dynamically as load varies. The proposed method was validated by using a practical test system in China. Numerical results showed that the congestion lines can be relieved effectively, thus to defer further investment in transmission network.
As the urban electricity load grows rapidly these years, especially the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, some urban transmission networks would be more vulnerable to experience serious transmission congestion due to the limited line transmission capacity. In addition, the varying profile of power flow caused by the mobility of electric vehicles also require a flexible management method to relieve congestion occurred in some part of the transmission network. With the improvement of DC transmission devices, especially the emergence of voltage source converter(VSC) and soft normally open point(SNOP) as the core components of DC transmission technique, the transmission congestion problems can be addressed by utilizing the controlling schemes of SNOPs. Thus, this paper proposed a VSC-based SNOP operation methodology aiming at alleviating transmission congestion. In order to fully develop the controlling capability of SNOPs, a high voltage distribution network(HVDN) line switching model was established to build a transfer path dynamically as load varies. The proposed method was validated by using a practical test system in China. Numerical results showed that the congestion lines can be relieved effectively, thus to defer further investment in transmission network.
引文
[1] Schermeyer H, Vergara C, Fichtner W. Renewable energy curtailment: A case study on today’s and tomorrow’s congestion management [J]. Energy Policy, 2018, 112(1): 427-436.
[2] Pillay A, Karthikeyan S P, Kothari D P. Congestion management in power systems-A review[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015, 70(9): 83-90.
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[4] 张焰,陈章潮,吴思谋(Zhang Yan, Chen Zhangchao, Wu Simou). 提高供电可靠性的配电网重构(Distribution network reconfiguration to improve power supply reliability)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 1997,16(2): 15-18.
[5] 毕鹏翔,刘健(Bi Pengxiang, Liu Jian). 以提高供电电压质量为目标的配网重构(Distribution network reconstruction to improve supply voltage quality)[J]. 电网技术(Power System Technology), 2002, 26(2): 41-43.
[6] 李启旺,袁荣湘,丁伟,等(Li Qiwang, Yuan Rongxiang, Ding Wei, et al.). 灵敏度分析与支路交换法相结合的配电网重构算法研究(Research on distribution network reconfiguration algorithm based on sensitivity analysis and branch exchange method)[J]. 电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control), 2010, 38(10): 62-65.
[7] 李振坤,陈星莺,余昆,等(Li Zhenkun, Chen Xingying, Yu Kun, et al.). 配电网重构的混合粒子群算法(Hybrid particle swarm optimization for distribution network reconfiguration)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2008,28(31): 35-41.
[8] 赵金亮(Zhao Jinliang). 基于自适应遗传算法和蚁群算法融合的配电网重构(Distribution network reconfiguration based on adaptive genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm)[D].兰州:兰州理工大学(Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology), 2011.
[9] 张逸(Zhang Yi). 主动配电网多目标网络重构研究(Study on multi - objective network reconfiguration of active distribution network)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 29-35.
[10] Sivakumar S, Devaraj D. Congestion management in deregulated power system by rescheduling of generators using genetic algorithm[A]. 2014 International Conference on Power Signals Control and Computations [C].2014. 1-5.
[11] 张曦,吕林,金勇,等(Zhang Xi, Lv Lin, Jin Yong, et al.). 基于高压配电网变电单元分组重构的城市电网输电阻塞管控模型及算法(Congestion mitigation model and algorithm for urban power grids considering reconfigurability of high-voltage distribution transformer unit groups)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2016,36(20): 5403-5413.
[12] Nasrolahpour E, Ghasemi H, Khanabadi M. Optimal transmission congestion management by means of substation reconfiguration[A]. 20th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering [C]. 2012. 416-421.
[13] Taheri M H, Dehghan S, Heidarifar M, et al. Adaptive robust optimal transmission switching considering the uncertainty of net nodal electricity demands [J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2017, 11(4): 2872-2881.
[14] 金勇,刘俊勇,张曦,等(Jin Yong, Liu Junyong, Zhang Xi, et al.). 基于功能单元的高压配电网负荷转供分层优化模型(Functional unit based high voltage distribution network load transfer layering optimization model)[J]. 工程科学与技术(Advanced Engineering Sciences), 2017,49(3): 179-190.
[15] Hemmati R, Saboori H, Jirdehi M A. Stochastic planning and scheduling of energy storage systems for congestion management in electric power systems including renewable energy resources[J]. Energy, 2017, 133(8):380-387.
[16] Vetrivel K, Mohan G, Rao K U, et al. Optimal placement and control of TCSC for transmission congestion management[A]. 2014 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication[C].2014. 281-288.
[17] 王成山,孙充勃,李鹏,等(Wang Chengshan, Sun Chongbo, Li Peng, et al.). 基于SNOP的配电网运行优化及分析(SNOP-based operation optimization and analysis of distribution networks)[J]. 电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems), 2015, 39(9): 82-87.
[18] 张博,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等(Zhang Bo, Tang Wei, Cong Pengwei, et al.). 基于SNOP和VSC的交直流混合配电网多时间尺度优化控制(Multi-time scale optimal control in hybrid AC/DC distribution networks based on SOP and VSC)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 11-19.
[19] 孔力,裴玮,叶华,等(Kong Li, Pei Wei, Ye Hua, et al.). 交直流混合配电系统形态、控制与稳定性研究(Review of pattern, control and stability for hybrid AC/DC distribution power systems)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 1-10.
[20] 李娟,王维羽,陈璟毅,等(Li Juan, Wang Weiyu, Chen Jingyi, et al.). 基于VSC的动态可控相间功率控制器改善系统暂态稳定性的研究(Analysis of enhancing transient stability of power system with DCIPC based on VSC)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2016,35(6): 36-43.
[21] Kocuk B, Dey S S, Sun X A. New formulation and strong MISOCP relaxations for AC optimal transmission switching problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(6): 4161-4170.
[22] Ilic M D, Bachovchin K D, Lewis A S. Costs and benefits of transmission congestion management[A]. 2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition[C].2011. 1-7.
[2] Pillay A, Karthikeyan S P, Kothari D P. Congestion management in power systems-A review[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015, 70(9): 83-90.
[3] Wagner T P, Chikhani A Y, Hackam R. Feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction: An application of distribution automation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1922-1933.
[4] 张焰,陈章潮,吴思谋(Zhang Yan, Chen Zhangchao, Wu Simou). 提高供电可靠性的配电网重构(Distribution network reconfiguration to improve power supply reliability)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 1997,16(2): 15-18.
[5] 毕鹏翔,刘健(Bi Pengxiang, Liu Jian). 以提高供电电压质量为目标的配网重构(Distribution network reconstruction to improve supply voltage quality)[J]. 电网技术(Power System Technology), 2002, 26(2): 41-43.
[6] 李启旺,袁荣湘,丁伟,等(Li Qiwang, Yuan Rongxiang, Ding Wei, et al.). 灵敏度分析与支路交换法相结合的配电网重构算法研究(Research on distribution network reconfiguration algorithm based on sensitivity analysis and branch exchange method)[J]. 电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control), 2010, 38(10): 62-65.
[7] 李振坤,陈星莺,余昆,等(Li Zhenkun, Chen Xingying, Yu Kun, et al.). 配电网重构的混合粒子群算法(Hybrid particle swarm optimization for distribution network reconfiguration)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2008,28(31): 35-41.
[8] 赵金亮(Zhao Jinliang). 基于自适应遗传算法和蚁群算法融合的配电网重构(Distribution network reconfiguration based on adaptive genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm)[D].兰州:兰州理工大学(Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology), 2011.
[9] 张逸(Zhang Yi). 主动配电网多目标网络重构研究(Study on multi - objective network reconfiguration of active distribution network)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 29-35.
[10] Sivakumar S, Devaraj D. Congestion management in deregulated power system by rescheduling of generators using genetic algorithm[A]. 2014 International Conference on Power Signals Control and Computations [C].2014. 1-5.
[11] 张曦,吕林,金勇,等(Zhang Xi, Lv Lin, Jin Yong, et al.). 基于高压配电网变电单元分组重构的城市电网输电阻塞管控模型及算法(Congestion mitigation model and algorithm for urban power grids considering reconfigurability of high-voltage distribution transformer unit groups)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2016,36(20): 5403-5413.
[12] Nasrolahpour E, Ghasemi H, Khanabadi M. Optimal transmission congestion management by means of substation reconfiguration[A]. 20th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering [C]. 2012. 416-421.
[13] Taheri M H, Dehghan S, Heidarifar M, et al. Adaptive robust optimal transmission switching considering the uncertainty of net nodal electricity demands [J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2017, 11(4): 2872-2881.
[14] 金勇,刘俊勇,张曦,等(Jin Yong, Liu Junyong, Zhang Xi, et al.). 基于功能单元的高压配电网负荷转供分层优化模型(Functional unit based high voltage distribution network load transfer layering optimization model)[J]. 工程科学与技术(Advanced Engineering Sciences), 2017,49(3): 179-190.
[15] Hemmati R, Saboori H, Jirdehi M A. Stochastic planning and scheduling of energy storage systems for congestion management in electric power systems including renewable energy resources[J]. Energy, 2017, 133(8):380-387.
[16] Vetrivel K, Mohan G, Rao K U, et al. Optimal placement and control of TCSC for transmission congestion management[A]. 2014 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication[C].2014. 281-288.
[17] 王成山,孙充勃,李鹏,等(Wang Chengshan, Sun Chongbo, Li Peng, et al.). 基于SNOP的配电网运行优化及分析(SNOP-based operation optimization and analysis of distribution networks)[J]. 电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems), 2015, 39(9): 82-87.
[18] 张博,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等(Zhang Bo, Tang Wei, Cong Pengwei, et al.). 基于SNOP和VSC的交直流混合配电网多时间尺度优化控制(Multi-time scale optimal control in hybrid AC/DC distribution networks based on SOP and VSC)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 11-19.
[19] 孔力,裴玮,叶华,等(Kong Li, Pei Wei, Ye Hua, et al.). 交直流混合配电系统形态、控制与稳定性研究(Review of pattern, control and stability for hybrid AC/DC distribution power systems)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 1-10.
[20] 李娟,王维羽,陈璟毅,等(Li Juan, Wang Weiyu, Chen Jingyi, et al.). 基于VSC的动态可控相间功率控制器改善系统暂态稳定性的研究(Analysis of enhancing transient stability of power system with DCIPC based on VSC)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2016,35(6): 36-43.
[21] Kocuk B, Dey S S, Sun X A. New formulation and strong MISOCP relaxations for AC optimal transmission switching problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(6): 4161-4170.
[22] Ilic M D, Bachovchin K D, Lewis A S. Costs and benefits of transmission congestion management[A]. 2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition[C].2011. 1-7.