水平轴风力机三维旋转效应数值模拟研究
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摘要
采用带转捩的k-ω SST湍流模型,求解RANS方程获得对风工况下风力机叶片周围的流场,使用inverse BEM方法后处理获取局部动压和局部迎角,并对叶片三维旋转流动进行详细分析。数值模拟结果在低速轴扭矩、剖面载荷系数、压力分布等方面都与实验值吻合得较好。为提供较深入的关于三维旋转效应物理机理的理解,与相似入流条件下二维流动进行比较,详细讨论三维旋转效应对剖面载荷和流场结构的影响极其成因,研究表明三维旋转效应在叶根分离区影响显著,对剖面延迟分离有明显作用。
Numerical simulations of flow field around wind turbine blades in non-yawed condition were performed in present work. The turbulence was modeled by the k-ω SST eddy viscosity model with transition correction and inverse BEM method was used to obtain sectional dynamic pressure and angle of attack in post-processing. The obtained results show good agreements with the NREL experimental data in aspects of low-speed shaft torque and sectional aerodynamic coefficients. With the aim of providing a deep understanding of three-dimensional rotational stall-delay effect,comparison between two-dimensional flow and three-dimensional flow of blade section under similar inflow conditions has been made. Furthermore,the effects on sectional loads and flow field are discussed in detail,and the associated reasons are provided. The stall-delay effect has been demonstrated strated strong on inner blade sections and in separated flow.
Numerical simulations of flow field around wind turbine blades in non-yawed condition were performed in present work. The turbulence was modeled by the k-ω SST eddy viscosity model with transition correction and inverse BEM method was used to obtain sectional dynamic pressure and angle of attack in post-processing. The obtained results show good agreements with the NREL experimental data in aspects of low-speed shaft torque and sectional aerodynamic coefficients. With the aim of providing a deep understanding of three-dimensional rotational stall-delay effect,comparison between two-dimensional flow and three-dimensional flow of blade section under similar inflow conditions has been made. Furthermore,the effects on sectional loads and flow field are discussed in detail,and the associated reasons are provided. The stall-delay effect has been demonstrated strated strong on inner blade sections and in separated flow.
引文
[1]Wang Tongguang. A brief review on wind turbine aerodynamics[J]. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters,2012,2(6):062001.
[2]Simms D, Schreck S, Hand M. NREL unsteady aerodynamics experiment in the NASA-Ames wind tunnel:A comparison of predictions to measurements[R]. Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,2001.
[3]Pape A L,Lecanu J. 3D Navier-Stokes computations of a stall-regulated wind turbine[J]. Wind Energy,2004,7(4):309—324.
[4]肖中云.旋翼流场数值模拟方法研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2007[4]Xiao Zhongyun. Investigation of computational modeling techniques for rotor flow fields[D]. Mianyang:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2007.
[5]S?rensen N N,Michelsen J A. Aerodynamic predictions for the unsteady aerodynamics experiment Phase-II rotor at the national renewable energy laboratory[R].Washington DC:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,AIAA 2000-0037,2000.
[6]Du Zhaohui,Selig M S. A 3-D stall-delay model for horizontal axis wind turbine performance prediction[R]. AIAA-98-0021,1998.
[7]Lindenburg C. Investigation into rotor blade aerodynamics[R]. Petten, Netherlands, ECN-C-03-025,2003.
[8]Snel H,Houwink R,Bosschers J. Sectional prediction of lift coefficients on rotating wind turbine blades in stall[R]. Netherlands,ECN-C-93-052,1994.
[9]Bak C,Johansen J,Andersen P B. Three-dimensional corrections of airfoil characteristics based on pressure distributions[A]. European Wind Energy Conference Proceedings[C],Athens,Greece,2006.
[10]Breton S,Coton F N,Moe G. A study on rotational effects and different stall delay models using a prescribed wake vortex scheme and NREL phase VI experiment data[J]. Wind Energy,2008,11(5):459—482.
[11]Guntur S,S?rensen N N. An evaluation of several methods of determining the local angle of attack on wind turbine blades[A]. Proceedings of the Science of making Torque from Wind[C],Oldenburg,Germany,2012.
[12]王琦峰,姜哲,安亦然.基于NREL PHASE VI风力机数值模拟的湍流模式研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(5):606—614.[12]Wang Qifeng,Jiang Zhe,An Yiran. Turbulence model research based on numerical simulation of NREL PHASE VI wind turbine rotor[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(5):606—614.
[13]Ramsay R,Hoffmann M J,Gregorek G M. Effects of grit roughness and pitch oscillations on the S809 airfoil[R].NREL/TP-442-7817. Golden,CO:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1995.
[2]Simms D, Schreck S, Hand M. NREL unsteady aerodynamics experiment in the NASA-Ames wind tunnel:A comparison of predictions to measurements[R]. Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,2001.
[3]Pape A L,Lecanu J. 3D Navier-Stokes computations of a stall-regulated wind turbine[J]. Wind Energy,2004,7(4):309—324.
[4]肖中云.旋翼流场数值模拟方法研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2007[4]Xiao Zhongyun. Investigation of computational modeling techniques for rotor flow fields[D]. Mianyang:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2007.
[5]S?rensen N N,Michelsen J A. Aerodynamic predictions for the unsteady aerodynamics experiment Phase-II rotor at the national renewable energy laboratory[R].Washington DC:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,AIAA 2000-0037,2000.
[6]Du Zhaohui,Selig M S. A 3-D stall-delay model for horizontal axis wind turbine performance prediction[R]. AIAA-98-0021,1998.
[7]Lindenburg C. Investigation into rotor blade aerodynamics[R]. Petten, Netherlands, ECN-C-03-025,2003.
[8]Snel H,Houwink R,Bosschers J. Sectional prediction of lift coefficients on rotating wind turbine blades in stall[R]. Netherlands,ECN-C-93-052,1994.
[9]Bak C,Johansen J,Andersen P B. Three-dimensional corrections of airfoil characteristics based on pressure distributions[A]. European Wind Energy Conference Proceedings[C],Athens,Greece,2006.
[10]Breton S,Coton F N,Moe G. A study on rotational effects and different stall delay models using a prescribed wake vortex scheme and NREL phase VI experiment data[J]. Wind Energy,2008,11(5):459—482.
[11]Guntur S,S?rensen N N. An evaluation of several methods of determining the local angle of attack on wind turbine blades[A]. Proceedings of the Science of making Torque from Wind[C],Oldenburg,Germany,2012.
[12]王琦峰,姜哲,安亦然.基于NREL PHASE VI风力机数值模拟的湍流模式研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(5):606—614.[12]Wang Qifeng,Jiang Zhe,An Yiran. Turbulence model research based on numerical simulation of NREL PHASE VI wind turbine rotor[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(5):606—614.
[13]Ramsay R,Hoffmann M J,Gregorek G M. Effects of grit roughness and pitch oscillations on the S809 airfoil[R].NREL/TP-442-7817. Golden,CO:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1995.