日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生行为观察
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摘要
日本食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus japonicus Compere是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra Nietner的重要天敌之一。为了明确该蜂的寄生行为及雌蜂体型大小对其产卵的影响,在室内观察其寄生行为及雌蜂不同体型大小条件下的产卵情况。结果表明:日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生过程包括搜寻寄主、识别寄主、产卵器刺探、产卵、产卵后处理5个阶段。日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生时间、寄生率、平均着卵量随寄生次数增多而增加,寄生次数与卵量吻合率随寄生次数增加而降低;第1次寄生时,寄生所需时间为19.75s,寄生率为73.12%,寄生次数与卵量吻合率为69.89%,平均着卵量为0.76粒;第3次寄生时,寄生所需时间为24.37 s,寄生率为83.33%,寄生次数与卵量吻合率仅为8.33%,平均着卵量为1.67粒。雌蜂体型大小与其产卵量呈正相关,体长小于等于1.20mm时,产卵量及寄生率最小,分别为16.83粒和49.4%;1.40 mm<体长≤1.50 mm时产卵量为33.06粒,寄生率72.3%;而体长大于1.50 mm时产卵量达37.5粒,寄生率为72.2%;雌蜂后足胫节长对其产卵及寄生率也有类似影响,说明该蜂扩繁时应选用体型较大的雌蜂。
Coccophagus japonicus Compere is one of the important natural enemies of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner. In order to understand the parasitic behavior of the parasitic wasp and the effect of female body size on oviposition, the parasitic behavior of the parasite wasp and the oviposition of female wasps with different body sizes were observed in the laboratory. The results showed that the parasitic process of C. japonicus Compere consisted of five stages: searching for hosts, identifying hosts, probing by ovipositor, laying eggs and post-oviposition treatment. The parasitic duration, parasitic rate, and average egg numbers increased with the parasitic time. The coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number decreased with the parasitic time. When the wasps parasitized for the first time, the parasitic duration, the parasitism rate, the coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number, the average egg number was 19.75 s, 73.12%, 69.89% and 0.76, respectively; When the wasps parasitized the same hosts for the third time, the parasitic duration, the parasitism rate, the coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number and the average egg number was 24.37, 83.33%, 8.33% and 1.67, correspondingly. There was a positive correlation between the body size of female wasps and oviposition, and the daily fecundity and parasitic rate of female wasps increased with the body sizes of female wasps. When the body length of female wasps is less than 1.20 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate were relatively smaller, which was 16.83 and 49.4%, respectively. When the body length was between 1.40 mm and 1.50 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate was 33.06 and 72.3%, respectively. When the body length was longer than 1.50 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate was 37.5 and 72.2%, respectively; The length of the posterior tibia of female wasps had a similar effect on oviposition and parasitic rate. It is suggested that the larger female wasps should be used in the reproduction expansion.
Coccophagus japonicus Compere is one of the important natural enemies of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner. In order to understand the parasitic behavior of the parasitic wasp and the effect of female body size on oviposition, the parasitic behavior of the parasite wasp and the oviposition of female wasps with different body sizes were observed in the laboratory. The results showed that the parasitic process of C. japonicus Compere consisted of five stages: searching for hosts, identifying hosts, probing by ovipositor, laying eggs and post-oviposition treatment. The parasitic duration, parasitic rate, and average egg numbers increased with the parasitic time. The coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number decreased with the parasitic time. When the wasps parasitized for the first time, the parasitic duration, the parasitism rate, the coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number, the average egg number was 19.75 s, 73.12%, 69.89% and 0.76, respectively; When the wasps parasitized the same hosts for the third time, the parasitic duration, the parasitism rate, the coincidence ratio between parasitic frequency and egg number and the average egg number was 24.37, 83.33%, 8.33% and 1.67, correspondingly. There was a positive correlation between the body size of female wasps and oviposition, and the daily fecundity and parasitic rate of female wasps increased with the body sizes of female wasps. When the body length of female wasps is less than 1.20 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate were relatively smaller, which was 16.83 and 49.4%, respectively. When the body length was between 1.40 mm and 1.50 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate was 33.06 and 72.3%, respectively. When the body length was longer than 1.50 mm, the average fecundity and parasitic rate was 37.5 and 72.2%, respectively; The length of the posterior tibia of female wasps had a similar effect on oviposition and parasitic rate. It is suggested that the larger female wasps should be used in the reproduction expansion.
引文
[1]Vinson S B.Host selection by insect parasitoids[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1976,21:109-133.
[2]曲树杰,朱爱国,李刚,等.日光蜂对苹果绵蚜寄生行为过程及特征研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(8):109-112.
[3]侯照远,严福顺.寄生蜂寄主选择行为研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1997,40(1):94-107.
[4]周冰颖,李保平,林芳芳,等.寄主体型大小对管氏肿腿蜂生殖潜力的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(3):316-321.
[5]赵海燕,陆永跃,曾玲,等.寄主大小对蝇蛹俑小蜂Spalangia endius(Walker)产卵选择和发育的影响[J].生物安全学报,2015,24(1):15-19.
[6]高珏晓.寄主体型和日龄对广大腿小蜂产卵选择和后代发育适合度的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[7]廖定熹,李学骝,庞雄飞,等.中国经济昆虫志:第34册膜翅目小蜂总科(一)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,146.
[8]沈顺章,张方平,符悦冠,等.日本食蚧蚜小蜂的交配影响因子研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(5):1135-1141.
[9]李元喜,刘银泉,刘树生.过寄生对菜蛾绒茧蜂生物学特性的影响[J].中国生物防治,2001,17(4):151-154.
[10]Vinson S B.The behavior of parasitoid[M]//Kerkut G A,Gilbert L I.Comprenhensive insect physiology,biochemistry and pharmacology.New York:Pergamon press,1985,205-233.
[11]Fedde G F.Laboratory study of egg parasitization capacibility of Telenomus alsophilo[J].Environmental Entomology,1977(6):773-776.
[12]禹海鑫,徐志宏,陈瑞屏,等.友恩蚜小蜂对松突圆蚧的寄生行为及选择性[J].中国生物防治,2010,26(1):7-12.
[13]欧晓明,江汉华,陈常铭.茶毛虫黑卵蜂寄生行为观察[J].湖南农业大学学报,1996(6):62-65.
[14]陈庭慧.浅黄恩蚜小蜂的过寄生现象及其对子代发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[15]郭明昉.赤眼蜂寄生行为研究(Ⅰ)--过寄生与子代分配[J].昆虫天敌,1992(1):6-12.
[16]张延峰.两种赤眼蜂寄生行为的比较及种间竞争的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[17]Ullyett G C.Distribution of progeny by Chelonus texanus Cress(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1949,81:25-44.
[18]Dijken M J,Stratum P,Alphen J.Superparasitism and sex ratio in the solitary parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1993,68(1):51-58.
[19]Janowitz S A,Fischer K.Opposing effects of heat stress on male versus female reproductive success in Bicyclus anynana butterflies[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2011,36:283-287.
[20]张方平,符悦冠,彭正强,等.温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂发育与繁殖的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1280-1286.
[21]李敏敏.幼虫密度、温度和性比对草地螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[22]Loughner G E.Precopulatory behavior and mating success of European corn borer under controlled conditions,Iowa State[J].Science Citation Index,1971,46:1-6.
[23]黄韵姗,张静宇,蒋明星.昆虫个体大小对其种群生物学的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2158-2168.
[24]夏诗洋,孟玲,李保平.聚寄生性蝶蛹金小蜂雌蜂体型大小对产卵策略的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(9):1069-1074.
[25]Ueno K,Ueno T.Effect of wasp size,physiological state,and prior host experience on host-searching behavior in a parasitoid wasp(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)[J].Journal of Ethology,2005,23(1):43-49.
[2]曲树杰,朱爱国,李刚,等.日光蜂对苹果绵蚜寄生行为过程及特征研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(8):109-112.
[3]侯照远,严福顺.寄生蜂寄主选择行为研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1997,40(1):94-107.
[4]周冰颖,李保平,林芳芳,等.寄主体型大小对管氏肿腿蜂生殖潜力的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(3):316-321.
[5]赵海燕,陆永跃,曾玲,等.寄主大小对蝇蛹俑小蜂Spalangia endius(Walker)产卵选择和发育的影响[J].生物安全学报,2015,24(1):15-19.
[6]高珏晓.寄主体型和日龄对广大腿小蜂产卵选择和后代发育适合度的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[7]廖定熹,李学骝,庞雄飞,等.中国经济昆虫志:第34册膜翅目小蜂总科(一)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,146.
[8]沈顺章,张方平,符悦冠,等.日本食蚧蚜小蜂的交配影响因子研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(5):1135-1141.
[9]李元喜,刘银泉,刘树生.过寄生对菜蛾绒茧蜂生物学特性的影响[J].中国生物防治,2001,17(4):151-154.
[10]Vinson S B.The behavior of parasitoid[M]//Kerkut G A,Gilbert L I.Comprenhensive insect physiology,biochemistry and pharmacology.New York:Pergamon press,1985,205-233.
[11]Fedde G F.Laboratory study of egg parasitization capacibility of Telenomus alsophilo[J].Environmental Entomology,1977(6):773-776.
[12]禹海鑫,徐志宏,陈瑞屏,等.友恩蚜小蜂对松突圆蚧的寄生行为及选择性[J].中国生物防治,2010,26(1):7-12.
[13]欧晓明,江汉华,陈常铭.茶毛虫黑卵蜂寄生行为观察[J].湖南农业大学学报,1996(6):62-65.
[14]陈庭慧.浅黄恩蚜小蜂的过寄生现象及其对子代发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[15]郭明昉.赤眼蜂寄生行为研究(Ⅰ)--过寄生与子代分配[J].昆虫天敌,1992(1):6-12.
[16]张延峰.两种赤眼蜂寄生行为的比较及种间竞争的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[17]Ullyett G C.Distribution of progeny by Chelonus texanus Cress(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1949,81:25-44.
[18]Dijken M J,Stratum P,Alphen J.Superparasitism and sex ratio in the solitary parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1993,68(1):51-58.
[19]Janowitz S A,Fischer K.Opposing effects of heat stress on male versus female reproductive success in Bicyclus anynana butterflies[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2011,36:283-287.
[20]张方平,符悦冠,彭正强,等.温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂发育与繁殖的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1280-1286.
[21]李敏敏.幼虫密度、温度和性比对草地螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[22]Loughner G E.Precopulatory behavior and mating success of European corn borer under controlled conditions,Iowa State[J].Science Citation Index,1971,46:1-6.
[23]黄韵姗,张静宇,蒋明星.昆虫个体大小对其种群生物学的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2158-2168.
[24]夏诗洋,孟玲,李保平.聚寄生性蝶蛹金小蜂雌蜂体型大小对产卵策略的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(9):1069-1074.
[25]Ueno K,Ueno T.Effect of wasp size,physiological state,and prior host experience on host-searching behavior in a parasitoid wasp(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)[J].Journal of Ethology,2005,23(1):43-49.