复杂孔隙结构碳酸盐岩储层建模——以伊拉克米桑油田群B油田M组为例
|
摘要
伊拉克米桑油田群B油田M组为一套复杂孔隙结构缓坡碳酸盐岩台地相储层,受成岩作用影响非均质性强,单井产能差异明显。为了表征优质储层在三维空间的展布,指导新井井位部署,在采用流动层段指标法(FZI)对取心井进行岩石类型划分,通过"决策树"算法实现岩石类型由取心井到非取心井的推广的基础上,基于传统碎屑岩"相控建模"思路,将每类岩石类型定义为一种"沉积-成岩相",建立了三维岩石类型模型,进而根据岩石类型约束建立孔隙度模型及渗透率模型。考虑M油藏表现为低阻高矿化度的特征,采用J函数建立了饱和度模型。结果表明:采用岩石类型协同建立的属性模型用于数值模拟,未做历史拟合的情况下,压力、含水率和日产油等指标与历史数据吻合率高达67%以上,表明地质模型能够体现地下油藏的真实流动状态。这种方法对于以孔隙型为主、成岩作用较强、低电阻率及高矿化度的碳酸盐岩油藏尤为适用。
Complex pore structure carbonate ramp platform reservoir developed in the M formation of B oilfield in Missan oilfields,Iraq. The reservoir is affected by multi-diagenesis,which caused the reservoir with strong heterogeneity,and the wells with significant difference in productivity. In order to characterize the distribution of the high-quality reservoir in three dimensional,and guide the new well deployment,the rock types were classified by using flow zone index( FZI) method for coring wells,and expanding to the un-coring wells by"decision tree"algorithm. Based on the traditional sedimentary facies-controlled modeling method,each rock type was defined as one"sedimentary-diagenesis facies",and the rock type three-dimensional model was built by sequence indicator simulation method,porosity and permeability models were finally built based on the coordinated constraint of rock type.Since the M reservoir is characterized by low resistance and high salinity,the water saturation model was built by J function. The result shows that the properties models were built by correlation with rock types for numerical simulation,without history matching,the index of pressure,water cut,and daily oil are all well consistent with the historical data,and the coincident rate is above 67%. It indicated that the geological model can reflect the real flow state in the underground conditions. This method is particularly applicable to pore type carbonate reservoirs with strong diagenesis,low resistivity,high salinity and deep burial depth.
Complex pore structure carbonate ramp platform reservoir developed in the M formation of B oilfield in Missan oilfields,Iraq. The reservoir is affected by multi-diagenesis,which caused the reservoir with strong heterogeneity,and the wells with significant difference in productivity. In order to characterize the distribution of the high-quality reservoir in three dimensional,and guide the new well deployment,the rock types were classified by using flow zone index( FZI) method for coring wells,and expanding to the un-coring wells by"decision tree"algorithm. Based on the traditional sedimentary facies-controlled modeling method,each rock type was defined as one"sedimentary-diagenesis facies",and the rock type three-dimensional model was built by sequence indicator simulation method,porosity and permeability models were finally built based on the coordinated constraint of rock type.Since the M reservoir is characterized by low resistance and high salinity,the water saturation model was built by J function. The result shows that the properties models were built by correlation with rock types for numerical simulation,without history matching,the index of pressure,water cut,and daily oil are all well consistent with the historical data,and the coincident rate is above 67%. It indicated that the geological model can reflect the real flow state in the underground conditions. This method is particularly applicable to pore type carbonate reservoirs with strong diagenesis,low resistivity,high salinity and deep burial depth.
引文
1 Roehl P O,Choquette P W.Introduction:Carbonate petroleum reservoirs[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,1985:1-15
2 Alsharhan A S,Nairn A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1997
3白国平.波斯湾盆地油气分布主控因素初探[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):28-32Bai Guoping.A preliminary study of main control factors on oil and gas distribution in Persian Gulf Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Science&Technology Edition),2007,31(3):28-32
4 Aquawi A A M,Thehni G A,Sherwani G H,et al.Mid-cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif Formation:An important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian Basin,Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,21(1):57-82
5 Wang J,Guo R,Zhao L M,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):404-415
6 AL-Jawad S N,Saleh A H,AL-Dabaj A A A,et al.Reservoir flow unit identification of the Mishrif formation in North Rumaila Field[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2014,7(7):2711-2728
7刘晓蕾,朱光亚,熊海龙,等.中东碳酸盐岩油藏孔隙结构对驱油效果的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(1):182-186Liu Xiaolei,Zhu Guangya,Xiong Hailong,et al.Effect of pore structure on oil displacement efficiency in middle east carbonate reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(1):182-186
8李兆亮,潘懋,韩大匡,等.储层建模及数值模拟三维网格化技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(26):36-42Li Zhaoliang,Pan Mao,Han Dakuang,et al.3D gridding technology of reservoir fine structure model[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(26):36-42
9关新,陈世加,苏旺,等.四川盆地西北部栖霞组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(2):67-76Guan Xin,Chen Shijia,Su Wang,et al.Carbonate reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in NW Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(2):67-76
10陈培元,杨辉廷,钟学彬,等.塔河油田6-7区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝建模[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(18):34-39Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Zhong Xuebin,et al.3D modeling of Ordovician fractured carbonated reservoir 6-7th blocks of Tahe Oilfield[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(18):34-39
11 Desiree L D P F,Antonio T D R,Olinto G D S.Three-dimensional stratigraphic-sedimentological forward modeling of an Aptian carbonate reservoir deposited during the sag stage in the Santos basin,Brazil[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,88:676-695
12陈培元,杨辉廷,刘学利,等.塔河油田6-7区孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层建模[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):884-892Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Liu Xueli,et al.3D modeling of vug carbonate reservoir in the sixth seventh blocks of Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2014,60(4):884-892
13刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩储集相控建模技术及应用[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):952-958Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun,et al.Modeling of faciescontrolled carbonate reservoirs in the Tazhong area and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):952-958
14郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰.基于数字露头的三维地质建模技术---以塔里木盆地一间房剖面一间房组礁滩复合体为例[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):108-115Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Qiao Zhanfeng.3D geologic modeling technology based on digital outcrop:A case study of reef-shoal body of Yijianfang Formation in Yijianfang outcrop,Tarim Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):108-115
15陈培元,杨辉廷,贾兆扬.普光气田飞仙关组与米桑油田群Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层对比分析[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):31-39Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Jia Zhaoyang.Comparison and analysis on carbonate reservoirs of Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Puguang gasfield and Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of Missan Oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):31-39
16 Abeed Q,Alkhafaji A,Littke R.Source rock potential of the upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous succession in the southern Mesopotamian Basin,Southern Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2011,34(2):117-134
17 Sharland P R,Archer R,Casey D M,et al.Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy[M].Bahrain:Gulf Petrolink,2001
18 Almutury W G,AL-Asadi M M.Tectonostratigraphic history of Mesopotamian passive margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic,South Iraq[J].Journal of Kirkuk University-Scientific Studies,2008,3(1):31-50
19张义楷,王志松,史长林,等.伊拉克米桑油田碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(5):45-53Zhang Yikai,Wang Zhisong,Shi Changlin,et al.Carbonate reservoir characteristics and diagenesis in Missan Oilfield,Iraq[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(5):45-53
20 Gomes J S,Ribeiro M T,Christian J,et al.Carbonate reservoir rock typing-the link between geology and scal[C]∥Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2008:1-14
21 Salman S M,Bellah S.Rock typing:an integrated reservoir characterization tool to construct a robust geological model in Abu Dhabi carbonate oil field[C]∥SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2009:1-14
22 Peralta O O.Rock types and flow units in static and dynamic reservoir modeling:application to Mature fields[C]∥Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.Cartagena de Indias,Colombia:SPE,2009:1-9
23 Francesconi A,Bigoni F,Balossino P,et al.Reservoir rock types application-Kashagan[C]//SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2009:1-17
24廉培庆.碳酸盐岩油藏岩石分类方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(14):3963-3967Lian Peiqing.Classification research on rock typing of carbonate reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(14):3963-3967
25 Enayati B A H,Rahimpour B H,Mehrabi H.Flow unit characterisation in the Permian-Triassic carbonate reservoir succession at south Pars Gasfield,offshore Iran[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2014,37(3):205-230
26 Amaefule J O,Altunbay M,Tiab D,et al.Enhanced reservoir description:using core and log data to identify hydraulic(flow)units and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Houston,Texas:SPE1993:205-220
27 Leverett M C.Capillary behavior in porous solids[J].Transactions of the Aime,1941,142(1):152-169
28李娟,孙松领,陈广坡,等.海拉尔盆地浅变质岩潜山岩性控储特征及储层岩性序列识别[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):26-36Li Juan,Sun Songling,Chen Guangpo,et al.Controlling of epimetamorphic rock lithology on basement reservoir and identification of lithological sequence of reservoir in Hailar basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):26-36
29谭学群,廉培庆,邱茂君,等.基于岩石类型约束的碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模方法---以扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):558-563Tan Xuequn,Lian Peiqing,Qiu Maojun,et al.Rock type-constrained geological modeling of carbonate reservoirs:A case study of carbonate reservoir A in the Zagros Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):558-563
30李如平.数据挖掘中决策树分类算法的研究[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(2):192-196.Li Ruping.Research of decision tree classification algorithm in data mining[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,33(2):192-196
2 Alsharhan A S,Nairn A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1997
3白国平.波斯湾盆地油气分布主控因素初探[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):28-32Bai Guoping.A preliminary study of main control factors on oil and gas distribution in Persian Gulf Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Science&Technology Edition),2007,31(3):28-32
4 Aquawi A A M,Thehni G A,Sherwani G H,et al.Mid-cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif Formation:An important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian Basin,Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,21(1):57-82
5 Wang J,Guo R,Zhao L M,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):404-415
6 AL-Jawad S N,Saleh A H,AL-Dabaj A A A,et al.Reservoir flow unit identification of the Mishrif formation in North Rumaila Field[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2014,7(7):2711-2728
7刘晓蕾,朱光亚,熊海龙,等.中东碳酸盐岩油藏孔隙结构对驱油效果的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(1):182-186Liu Xiaolei,Zhu Guangya,Xiong Hailong,et al.Effect of pore structure on oil displacement efficiency in middle east carbonate reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(1):182-186
8李兆亮,潘懋,韩大匡,等.储层建模及数值模拟三维网格化技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(26):36-42Li Zhaoliang,Pan Mao,Han Dakuang,et al.3D gridding technology of reservoir fine structure model[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(26):36-42
9关新,陈世加,苏旺,等.四川盆地西北部栖霞组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(2):67-76Guan Xin,Chen Shijia,Su Wang,et al.Carbonate reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in NW Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(2):67-76
10陈培元,杨辉廷,钟学彬,等.塔河油田6-7区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝建模[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(18):34-39Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Zhong Xuebin,et al.3D modeling of Ordovician fractured carbonated reservoir 6-7th blocks of Tahe Oilfield[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(18):34-39
11 Desiree L D P F,Antonio T D R,Olinto G D S.Three-dimensional stratigraphic-sedimentological forward modeling of an Aptian carbonate reservoir deposited during the sag stage in the Santos basin,Brazil[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,88:676-695
12陈培元,杨辉廷,刘学利,等.塔河油田6-7区孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层建模[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):884-892Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Liu Xueli,et al.3D modeling of vug carbonate reservoir in the sixth seventh blocks of Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2014,60(4):884-892
13刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩储集相控建模技术及应用[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):952-958Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun,et al.Modeling of faciescontrolled carbonate reservoirs in the Tazhong area and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):952-958
14郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰.基于数字露头的三维地质建模技术---以塔里木盆地一间房剖面一间房组礁滩复合体为例[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):108-115Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Qiao Zhanfeng.3D geologic modeling technology based on digital outcrop:A case study of reef-shoal body of Yijianfang Formation in Yijianfang outcrop,Tarim Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):108-115
15陈培元,杨辉廷,贾兆扬.普光气田飞仙关组与米桑油田群Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层对比分析[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):31-39Chen Peiyuan,Yang Huiting,Jia Zhaoyang.Comparison and analysis on carbonate reservoirs of Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Puguang gasfield and Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of Missan Oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):31-39
16 Abeed Q,Alkhafaji A,Littke R.Source rock potential of the upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous succession in the southern Mesopotamian Basin,Southern Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2011,34(2):117-134
17 Sharland P R,Archer R,Casey D M,et al.Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy[M].Bahrain:Gulf Petrolink,2001
18 Almutury W G,AL-Asadi M M.Tectonostratigraphic history of Mesopotamian passive margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic,South Iraq[J].Journal of Kirkuk University-Scientific Studies,2008,3(1):31-50
19张义楷,王志松,史长林,等.伊拉克米桑油田碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(5):45-53Zhang Yikai,Wang Zhisong,Shi Changlin,et al.Carbonate reservoir characteristics and diagenesis in Missan Oilfield,Iraq[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(5):45-53
20 Gomes J S,Ribeiro M T,Christian J,et al.Carbonate reservoir rock typing-the link between geology and scal[C]∥Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2008:1-14
21 Salman S M,Bellah S.Rock typing:an integrated reservoir characterization tool to construct a robust geological model in Abu Dhabi carbonate oil field[C]∥SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2009:1-14
22 Peralta O O.Rock types and flow units in static and dynamic reservoir modeling:application to Mature fields[C]∥Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.Cartagena de Indias,Colombia:SPE,2009:1-9
23 Francesconi A,Bigoni F,Balossino P,et al.Reservoir rock types application-Kashagan[C]//SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE,2009:1-17
24廉培庆.碳酸盐岩油藏岩石分类方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(14):3963-3967Lian Peiqing.Classification research on rock typing of carbonate reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(14):3963-3967
25 Enayati B A H,Rahimpour B H,Mehrabi H.Flow unit characterisation in the Permian-Triassic carbonate reservoir succession at south Pars Gasfield,offshore Iran[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2014,37(3):205-230
26 Amaefule J O,Altunbay M,Tiab D,et al.Enhanced reservoir description:using core and log data to identify hydraulic(flow)units and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Houston,Texas:SPE1993:205-220
27 Leverett M C.Capillary behavior in porous solids[J].Transactions of the Aime,1941,142(1):152-169
28李娟,孙松领,陈广坡,等.海拉尔盆地浅变质岩潜山岩性控储特征及储层岩性序列识别[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):26-36Li Juan,Sun Songling,Chen Guangpo,et al.Controlling of epimetamorphic rock lithology on basement reservoir and identification of lithological sequence of reservoir in Hailar basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):26-36
29谭学群,廉培庆,邱茂君,等.基于岩石类型约束的碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模方法---以扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):558-563Tan Xuequn,Lian Peiqing,Qiu Maojun,et al.Rock type-constrained geological modeling of carbonate reservoirs:A case study of carbonate reservoir A in the Zagros Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):558-563
30李如平.数据挖掘中决策树分类算法的研究[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(2):192-196.Li Ruping.Research of decision tree classification algorithm in data mining[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,33(2):192-196