木质纤维素衍生平台化学品制备液态烷烃的研究进展
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摘要
液态烷烃C5+是汽油、柴油、航空燃油等当前社会的运输燃料的主要成分。本文综述了利用木质纤维素衍生平台化学品制备液体燃料的研究进展,着重总结了生物质衍生平台化学品通过碳链增长得到长链含氧化合物,然后经过加氢脱氧(HDO)得到C_(7+)液体烷烃的技术研究进展。木质纤维素衍生平台化学品包括山梨醇、糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)、环戊酮、甲基呋喃、酚类、丙酮、丁醇、乙醇、乙酰丙酸、γ-戊内酯等。其中,糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和环戊酮在碱性催化剂作用下能与其他羰基化合物发生羟醛缩合反应实现碳链增长;甲基呋喃、苯类及苯酚类衍生物可以在强酸催化作用下通过烷基化/羟烷基化反应实现碳链增长;丙酮能与乙醇、丁醇发生α-烷基化反应实现碳链增长;乙酰丙酸可以转化为戊酸、丁烯或当归内酯,再分别通过酮基化反应、烯烃齐聚反应和加成反应实现碳链增长。诸多利用生物质衍生物化学品制备长链烷烃的路径中,利用5-羟甲基糠醛和甲基呋喃制备长链烷烃的技术路线存在路径过长、原料不易获取的问题;利用环戊酮和苯酚类物质能够得到高密度长链环烷烃,是一条有竞争力的路线;糠醛和乙酰丙酸易于从生物质中大规模制取,且利用糠醛和乙酰丙酸制备长链烷烃的反应路径短,较易实现工业应用。
Liquid alkanes C_(5+) are the main components of transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. This review focused on the research progress in the preparation of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals, with emphasis on the development of the synthesis of C_(7+) liquid alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of the long chain oxygenated chemicals formed by carbonchain growth of biomass derived platform chemicals. The lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals include sorbitol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF), cyclopentanone, methylfuran, phenols, acetone,butanol,ethanol,levulinicacid,γ-valerolactoneandsoon.Amongthem,furfural/5-hydroxymethylfurfural/cyclopentanone could form C—C bond with other carbonyl compound through aldol condensation reaction with the aid of alkaline catalyst; methyl furan/benzene/phenol derivatives form C—C bond by alkylation/hydroxyalkylation under the catalysis of strong acidic acid; acetone could react with ethanol and butanol through α-alkylation reaction of with to achieve carbon chain growth; while levulinic acid can be transformed to pentanoic acid; butane or angelica lactone, which could undergo ketonization, olefin oligomerization or polymerization to achieve simultaneous C—C coupling. Among many ways to prepare long-chain alkanes from biomass derivative chemicals, the technical route of preparing long-chain alkanes from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and methyl furan is too long and the raw materials are not easy to obtain; using cyclopentanone and phenol to obtain high-density long-chain alkanes is a competitive route; furfural and acetylpropionic acid are easy to regulate from substances. The process of preparing long-chain alkanes from furfural and levulinic acid is short and easy to realize industrial application.
Liquid alkanes C_(5+) are the main components of transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. This review focused on the research progress in the preparation of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals, with emphasis on the development of the synthesis of C_(7+) liquid alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of the long chain oxygenated chemicals formed by carbonchain growth of biomass derived platform chemicals. The lignocellulosic derived platform chemicals include sorbitol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF), cyclopentanone, methylfuran, phenols, acetone,butanol,ethanol,levulinicacid,γ-valerolactoneandsoon.Amongthem,furfural/5-hydroxymethylfurfural/cyclopentanone could form C—C bond with other carbonyl compound through aldol condensation reaction with the aid of alkaline catalyst; methyl furan/benzene/phenol derivatives form C—C bond by alkylation/hydroxyalkylation under the catalysis of strong acidic acid; acetone could react with ethanol and butanol through α-alkylation reaction of with to achieve carbon chain growth; while levulinic acid can be transformed to pentanoic acid; butane or angelica lactone, which could undergo ketonization, olefin oligomerization or polymerization to achieve simultaneous C—C coupling. Among many ways to prepare long-chain alkanes from biomass derivative chemicals, the technical route of preparing long-chain alkanes from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and methyl furan is too long and the raw materials are not easy to obtain; using cyclopentanone and phenol to obtain high-density long-chain alkanes is a competitive route; furfural and acetylpropionic acid are easy to regulate from substances. The process of preparing long-chain alkanes from furfural and levulinic acid is short and easy to realize industrial application.
引文
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