四川盆地洗象池组储集层的主控因素与有利区分布
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摘要
寒武系洗象池组是四川盆地天然气的后备勘探领域和接替层系,目前其整体勘探程度较低,沉积相带展布规律尚不清楚,还有待深入的研究工作。为此,通过典型野外露头剖面、岩心以及岩石薄片观察,结合实验分析数据,研究了该盆地洗象池组的沉积相展布特征和储集层的岩性、储集空间及物性等特征,进而探讨了储集层形成的主控因素,预测了有利储集区带的分布范围。结果认为:①有效储集层多发育在洗象池组中上段,岩性以颗粒白云岩、晶粒白云岩为主,次为藻白云岩和膏溶角砾岩;②储集层厚度介于43.75~136 m(平均约为87 m),孔隙度多介于1.27%~11.95%,其主要储集空间为溶蚀孔洞、粒间孔与晶间孔;③颗粒滩亚相是储集层发育的基础,而准同生溶蚀作用则是形成主要储集空间的关键因素;④该储集层受古地理格局约束,在盆地内具双颗粒滩带特征。结论认为:宜宾—合川—广安、永安—三汇—石柱一带古地貌高部位为有利的洗象池组储集层发育区,可作为该区下一步天然气勘探的主攻方向。
The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation is the gas exploration backup and replacement reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.However,it is just less explored,and its distribution rules of sedimentary facies belts are not clear.It is necessary to carry out further studies in this area.First,based on observation of typical field outcrop section,cores and rock thin sections,and experimental analysis data,the distribution characteristics of Xixiangchi Formation sedimentary facies and the lithology,reservoir space and physical properties of the reservoirs were analyzed.Furthermore,main factors controlling the formation of reservoirs were discussed,and the distribution range of favorable reservoir zones was predicted.Results show that effective reservoirs are mostly distributed in the middle and upper members of Xixiangchi Formation,and primarily dominated by grain dolomite and crystalline dolomite and secondarily by algae dolomite and gypsum breccia.Besides,the reservoirs are generally 43.75-136 m thick and 87 m averagely,and the main types of reservoir spaces are dissolution pores,intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores,with porosity between 1.27%-11.95%.Also,the development of the reservoirs is based on grain shoal subfacies,and the formation of reservoir spaces is controlled by penecontemporaneous dissolution.Finally,due to the restriction of paleogeographic patterns,the reservoirs present the characteristics of double grain shoal belts within this basin.It is concluded that the palaeogeomorphic highs in the areas of Yibin-Hechuan-Guang'an and Yong'an-Sanhui-Shizhu are the favorable reservoir zones of Xixiangchi Formation and they are the main targets of natural gas exploration in this area in the future.
The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation is the gas exploration backup and replacement reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.However,it is just less explored,and its distribution rules of sedimentary facies belts are not clear.It is necessary to carry out further studies in this area.First,based on observation of typical field outcrop section,cores and rock thin sections,and experimental analysis data,the distribution characteristics of Xixiangchi Formation sedimentary facies and the lithology,reservoir space and physical properties of the reservoirs were analyzed.Furthermore,main factors controlling the formation of reservoirs were discussed,and the distribution range of favorable reservoir zones was predicted.Results show that effective reservoirs are mostly distributed in the middle and upper members of Xixiangchi Formation,and primarily dominated by grain dolomite and crystalline dolomite and secondarily by algae dolomite and gypsum breccia.Besides,the reservoirs are generally 43.75-136 m thick and 87 m averagely,and the main types of reservoir spaces are dissolution pores,intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores,with porosity between 1.27%-11.95%.Also,the development of the reservoirs is based on grain shoal subfacies,and the formation of reservoir spaces is controlled by penecontemporaneous dissolution.Finally,due to the restriction of paleogeographic patterns,the reservoirs present the characteristics of double grain shoal belts within this basin.It is concluded that the palaeogeomorphic highs in the areas of Yibin-Hechuan-Guang'an and Yong'an-Sanhui-Shizhu are the favorable reservoir zones of Xixiangchi Formation and they are the main targets of natural gas exploration in this area in the future.
引文
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[9]杨威,谢武仁,魏国齐,刘满仓,曾富英,谢增业,等.四川盆地寒武纪-奥陶纪层序岩相古地理、有利储层展布与勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):21—34Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Wei Guoqi,Liu Mancang,Zeng Fuying,Xie Zengye,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography,favorable reservoir distribution and exploration zones of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):21-34.
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[11]彭勇民,高波,张荣强,张殿伟,孙冬胜,沃玉进,等.四川盆地南缘寒武系膏溶角砾岩的识别标志及勘探意义[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(1):22-27.Peng Yongmin,Gao Bo,Zhang Rongqiang,Zhang Dianwei,Sun Dongsheng,Wo Yujin,et al.Distinguishing indicators and prospect significance of Cambrian dissolved gypseous breccias in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2011,33(1):22-27.
[12]姚根顺,周进高,邹伟宏,张建勇,潘立银,郝毅,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律[J].海相油气地质,2013,22(4):1-7.Yao Genshun,Zhou Jingao,Zou Weihong,Zhang Jianyong,Pan Liyin,Hao Yi,et al.Characteristics and distribution rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beach in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013,22(4):1-7.
[13]杨捷,曾佐勋,蔡雄飞,李志勇,李天斌,孟方,等.贺兰山地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素分析[J].科学通报,2014,59(4-5):355-365.Yang Jie,Zeng Zuoxun,Cai Xiongfei,Li Zhiyong,Li Tianbin,Meng Fang,et al.Carbon and oxygen isotopes analyses for the Sinian carbonates in the Helan Mountain,North China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,59(4-5):355-365.
[14]Kaufman AJ,Knoll AH.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-iso topic composition of seawater:Stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications[J].Precambrian Research,1995,73(1):27-49.
[15]江茂生,朱井泉,陈代钊,张任祜,乔广生.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩碳、锶同位素特征及其对海平面变化的响应[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2002,32(1):36—42.Jiang Maosheng,Zhu Jingquan,Chen Daizhao,Zhang Renhu,Qiao Guangsheng.Carbon and strontium isotope variations and responses to sea-level fluctuations in the Ordovician of the Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(1):36-42.
[16]腾格尔.海相地层元素、碳氧同位素分布与沉积环境和烃源岩发育关系——以鄂尔多斯盆地为分例[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州地质研究所,2004.Tenger.The distribution of elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes on marine strata and environmental correlation between they and hydrocarbon source rocks formation—An example from Ordovician Basin,China[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Geology,CAS,2004.
[17]徐世琦,代宗仰,蒋小光,谢冰,张光荣.古隆起区带寒武系洗象池群成藏条件与勘探前景分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):4—8.Xu Shiqi,Zhang Guangrong,Wang Xin,Xie Bing,Zhang Guangrong.Oil and gas exploration prospects of Cambrian Xixiangchi member in palaeo-uplift zone[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):4-8.
[18]周进高,房超,季汉成,张建勇,赵菲.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩发育规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):27—36.Zhou Jingao,Fang Chao,Ji Hancheng,Zhang Jianyong,Zhao Fei.A development rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beaches in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):27-36.
[19]李伟,余华琪,邓鸿斌.四川盆地中南部寒武系地层划分对比与沉积演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):681—690.Li Wei,Yu Huaqi,Deng Hongbin.Stratigraphic division and correlation and sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian in central-southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):681-690.
[2]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,罗冰,黄建章,江兴福,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系-下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1—7.Xu Chunchun,Shen Ping,Yang Yueming,Luo Bing,Huang Jianzhang,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longniisi Paleohigh,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-7.
[3]周进高,徐春春,姚根顺,杨光,张建勇,郝毅,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组储集层形成与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):158—166.Zhou Jingao,Xu Chunchun,Yao Genshun,Yang Guang,Zhang Jianyong,Hao Yi,et al.Genesis and evolution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):158-166.
[4]周进高,姚根顺,杨光,张建勇,郝毅,王芳,等.四川盆地安岳大气田震旦系-寒武系储层的发育机制[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):36—44.Zhou Jingao,Yao Genshun,Yang Guang,Zhang Jianyong,Hao Yi,Wang Fang,et al.Genesis mechanism of the SinianCambrian Reservoirs in the Anyue Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):36-44.
[5]魏国齐,杨威,杜金虎,徐春春,邹才能,谢武仁,等.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪古隆起构造特征及对特大型气田形成的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):257-265.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Zou Caineng,Xie Wuren,et al.Tectonic features of Gaoshiti-Moxi paleouplift and its controls on the formation of a giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):257-265.
[6]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,Zhang Baomin,Wei Guoqi,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[7]王素芬,李伟,张帆,王兴志.乐山-龙女寺古隆起洗象池群有利储集层发育机制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):170-174.Wang Sufen,Li Wei,Zhang Fan,Wang Xingzhi.Developmental mechanism of advantageous Xixiangchi Group reservoirs in Leshan-Longniisi palaeohigh[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):170-174.
[8]周磊,康志宏,柳洲,孔杰霜,陈夷.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起洗象池群碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(12):4393—4401.Zhou Lei,Kang Zhihong,Liu Zhou,Kong Jieshuang,Chen Yi.Characteristics of Xixiangchi Group carbonate reservoir space in Leshan-Longniisi palaeo-uplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2014,45(12):4393-4401.
[9]杨威,谢武仁,魏国齐,刘满仓,曾富英,谢增业,等.四川盆地寒武纪-奥陶纪层序岩相古地理、有利储层展布与勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):21—34Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Wei Guoqi,Liu Mancang,Zeng Fuying,Xie Zengye,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography,favorable reservoir distribution and exploration zones of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):21-34.
[10]刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方岩相古地理图集:震旦纪-三叠纪[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.Liu Baojun,Xu Xiaosong.Atlas of lithofacies and paleogeography in South China:Silurian-Triassic[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[11]彭勇民,高波,张荣强,张殿伟,孙冬胜,沃玉进,等.四川盆地南缘寒武系膏溶角砾岩的识别标志及勘探意义[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(1):22-27.Peng Yongmin,Gao Bo,Zhang Rongqiang,Zhang Dianwei,Sun Dongsheng,Wo Yujin,et al.Distinguishing indicators and prospect significance of Cambrian dissolved gypseous breccias in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2011,33(1):22-27.
[12]姚根顺,周进高,邹伟宏,张建勇,潘立银,郝毅,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律[J].海相油气地质,2013,22(4):1-7.Yao Genshun,Zhou Jingao,Zou Weihong,Zhang Jianyong,Pan Liyin,Hao Yi,et al.Characteristics and distribution rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beach in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013,22(4):1-7.
[13]杨捷,曾佐勋,蔡雄飞,李志勇,李天斌,孟方,等.贺兰山地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素分析[J].科学通报,2014,59(4-5):355-365.Yang Jie,Zeng Zuoxun,Cai Xiongfei,Li Zhiyong,Li Tianbin,Meng Fang,et al.Carbon and oxygen isotopes analyses for the Sinian carbonates in the Helan Mountain,North China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,59(4-5):355-365.
[14]Kaufman AJ,Knoll AH.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-iso topic composition of seawater:Stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications[J].Precambrian Research,1995,73(1):27-49.
[15]江茂生,朱井泉,陈代钊,张任祜,乔广生.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩碳、锶同位素特征及其对海平面变化的响应[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2002,32(1):36—42.Jiang Maosheng,Zhu Jingquan,Chen Daizhao,Zhang Renhu,Qiao Guangsheng.Carbon and strontium isotope variations and responses to sea-level fluctuations in the Ordovician of the Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(1):36-42.
[16]腾格尔.海相地层元素、碳氧同位素分布与沉积环境和烃源岩发育关系——以鄂尔多斯盆地为分例[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州地质研究所,2004.Tenger.The distribution of elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes on marine strata and environmental correlation between they and hydrocarbon source rocks formation—An example from Ordovician Basin,China[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Geology,CAS,2004.
[17]徐世琦,代宗仰,蒋小光,谢冰,张光荣.古隆起区带寒武系洗象池群成藏条件与勘探前景分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):4—8.Xu Shiqi,Zhang Guangrong,Wang Xin,Xie Bing,Zhang Guangrong.Oil and gas exploration prospects of Cambrian Xixiangchi member in palaeo-uplift zone[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):4-8.
[18]周进高,房超,季汉成,张建勇,赵菲.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩发育规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):27—36.Zhou Jingao,Fang Chao,Ji Hancheng,Zhang Jianyong,Zhao Fei.A development rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beaches in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):27-36.
[19]李伟,余华琪,邓鸿斌.四川盆地中南部寒武系地层划分对比与沉积演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):681—690.Li Wei,Yu Huaqi,Deng Hongbin.Stratigraphic division and correlation and sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian in central-southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):681-690.