基于偏相干分析方法的怠速工况车内噪声源识别
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摘要
为了提高汽车从生产标准到消费者的驾乘体验,有效控制汽车车内噪声,在振动与噪声测试试验的基础上,利用谱分析和偏相干分析,识别出定置怠速工况下不同频段内结构-空气噪声源,提出以噪声源类型特性识别为前提的输入信号与输出信号之间的因果关系判断,根据结构-空气噪声源的贡献量高低进行信号源的有序输入,基于相干性理论建立了一个6输入单输出的线性系统,并结合偏相干的计算公式,应用Matlab编程计算出各振动、噪声测点与车内噪声的偏相干系数.分析结果表明:低频段车内噪声是由发动机工作的低频激励经悬置点传递至车内引起的,发动机右悬置振动是主要噪声源;中频段车内噪声是由空气噪声与结构振动的耦合作用泄露至驾驶室内的结果,发动机左悬置振动是主要噪声源;高频段车内噪声是由发动机的燃烧噪声和排气系统的噪声通过空气泄漏至驾驶室内的结果,发动机舱噪声是主要噪声源.
In order to improve the car from the production standard to the driving experience of consumers,effective control of vehicle interior noise,on the basis of vibration and noise test,spectral analysis and partial coherence analysis are used to identify the structural-air noise sources in different frequency bands under stationary idling conditions,a causal relationship between input signal and output signal is proposed based on the identification of noise source type characteristics,the orderly input of signal source is carried out according to the contribution of structure-air noise source,a system of six input single output was built based on the theory of coherence,combined with the calculation formula of partial coherence,Matlab programming is used to calculate the partial coherence coefficient between the vibration and noise measuring points and the interior noise.Coherence analysis results show that the low frequency interior noise is caused by the engine working low frequency excitation transferred to the interior through the mount point,and the engine right mount vibration is the main noise source.The middle frequency interior noise is the result of the coupling of air noise and structural vibration leaking into the driving room,and engine left mount vibration is the main noise source.The high frequency interior noise is the result of engine combustion noise and exhaust system noise leaking into the driving room through air,and engine room noise is the main noise source.
In order to improve the car from the production standard to the driving experience of consumers,effective control of vehicle interior noise,on the basis of vibration and noise test,spectral analysis and partial coherence analysis are used to identify the structural-air noise sources in different frequency bands under stationary idling conditions,a causal relationship between input signal and output signal is proposed based on the identification of noise source type characteristics,the orderly input of signal source is carried out according to the contribution of structure-air noise source,a system of six input single output was built based on the theory of coherence,combined with the calculation formula of partial coherence,Matlab programming is used to calculate the partial coherence coefficient between the vibration and noise measuring points and the interior noise.Coherence analysis results show that the low frequency interior noise is caused by the engine working low frequency excitation transferred to the interior through the mount point,and the engine right mount vibration is the main noise source.The middle frequency interior noise is the result of the coupling of air noise and structural vibration leaking into the driving room,and engine left mount vibration is the main noise source.The high frequency interior noise is the result of engine combustion noise and exhaust system noise leaking into the driving room through air,and engine room noise is the main noise source.
引文
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[2] 冯高山,龙芋宏,史铁林.重型载货车车外加速噪声源的测试和分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(34):9439-9441,9452.FENG G S,LONG Y H,SHI T L.Test and analysis of pass by noise source on a heavy-duty vehicle[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(34):9439-9441,9452.
[3] 胡伊贤,李舜酩,张袁元,等.车辆噪声源识别方法综述[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(5):11-15,20.HU Y X,LI S M,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Reviews of vehicle noise source identification methods[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,32(5):11-15,20.
[4] 熊建强,黄菊花,廖群.车辆噪声源识别理论与方法分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2011,31(4):97-101.XIONG J Q,HUANG J H,LIAO Q.Review of theories and methods of noise source identification of vehicle[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2011,31(4):97-101.
[5] 万泉,蒋伟康.用于循环平稳信号分析的偏相干方法[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(7):174-179.WAN Q,JIANG W K.Partial-coherence method applied in cyclostationary signal analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,41(7):174-179.
[6] 熊诗波,黄长艺.机械工程测试技术基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:172-182.XIONG S B,HUANG C Y.Mechanical engineering test technology foundation[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2006:172-182.
[7] 张戎斌,毕传兴,张永斌.采用偏相干分析方法识别挖掘机驾驶室的噪声源[J].噪声与振动控制,2011,31(4):106-110.ZHANG R B,BI C X,ZHANG Y B.Identification of excavator cab’s noise source based on partial coherence analysis[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2011,31(4):106-110.
[8] 马天飞,任春,王登峰,等.乘用车车内降噪的试验研究[J].汽车技术,2011,42(5):11-15.MA T F,REN C,WANG D F,et al.Experimental research of interior noise reduction for passenger car[J].Automobile Technology,2011,42(5):11-15.
[9] 左言言,唐明亮,倪明明.车辆噪声法规与通过噪声模拟方法现状与进展[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(21):173-179.ZUO Y Y,TANG M L,NI M M.Review of automobile noise regulations and pass-by noise simulation methods[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(21):173-179.
[10] 赵海澜,汪鸿振.偏相干分析识别噪声源的计算[J].噪声与振动控制,2005,8(5):31-33.ZHAO H L,WANG H Z.Calculation of identifying noise source based on partial coherence analysis[J].Noise and Vibration,2005,8(5):31-33.
[11] WU X D,ZUO S G,LEI L,et al.Simulation of suspension-tire system model based on rear axle of twist beam[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2010,34/35:1906-1910.
[12] 胡成太,高云凯,刘爽,等.基于频谱和相干分析的挖掘机噪声识别与控制[J].振动.测试与诊断,2013,33(6):1032-1038,1097.HU C T,GAO Y K,LIU S,et al.Noise identify and control in excavator based on frequency spectral analysis and coherence analysis[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2013,33(6):1032-1038,1097.
[13] BAE B K,KIM K J.A hilbert transform approach in source identification via multiple-input single-output modeling for correlated inputs[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1998,12(4):501-513.
[14] PARK J S,KIM K J.Determination of priority among correlated inputs in source identification problems[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1992,6(6):491-502.
[15] 陈茉莉,李舜酩.信号源识别的相干函数法[J].中国机械工程,2007,1(1):95-100.CHEN M L,LI S M.Coherence functions method for signal source identification[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2007,1(1):95-100.