不同小麦品种(系)的存放种子活力比较研究
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摘要
为发掘利用高活力小麦种质材料,揭示不同小麦品种间(系)的种子活力差异及其内在生理原因,本研究以置于常温种子库老化6年的180个小麦品种(系)的种子为材料进行了种子活力比较研究。结果表明:不同小麦品种(系)间发芽率存在显著差异,其中35个小麦品种(系)的种子完全失活、不能发芽,种子活力最高的3个品种分别为豫麦18(92%),西农3517(76%)和浏虎98(72%);测定了种子浸出液电导率、种子含水量和籽粒品质性状并与发芽率进行了相关分析,发现发芽率与电导率和籽粒淀粉含量呈极显著负相关,与含水量呈显著负相关,但与籽粒总蛋白质含量相关不显著;进一步对种子活力高低差异显著的6个品种(系)进行了种子萌发关键激素赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)的测定,发现3个高活力小麦品种(系)(豫麦18、西农3517、浏虎98)种子中GA3/ABA的比值均显著高于3个低活力品种(系)(西农2003、洛麦21和陕麦107)。本研究表明,种子活力性状在小麦种质资源中存在广泛变异,植物内源激素GA3和ABA的相对含量是影响种子活力高低的关键因素。
In order to explore the wheat germplasms with high seed vigor and reveal the intrinsic physiological factor about seed vigor in different wheat varieties,180 wheat seed varieties(lines)which were stored in the normal temperature seed bank for six years,were used as materials for comparative study of seed vigor.The results showed that the germination rate of 180 wheat varieties(lines)were significantly different.Thirty-five wheat varieties(lines)completely lost the seed vigor,and the highest seed vigor were Yumai 18(92%),Xinong 3517(76%)and Liuhu 98(72%),respectively.Some physical indicators,including the electrical conductivity of seeds extract,the moisture content of seeds and grain quality traits,were measured.Then,the correlation analysis was performed between these physical indicators and the germination rate.We found that the germination rate was significantly negatively correlated with the electrical conductivity and the starch content,and negatively correlated with the water content.However,the germination rate had no correlationship with the total protein content in grains.Furthermore,the gibberellin(GA3)and abscisic acid(ABA)which were the key hormones in seed germination were measured in six varieties with significant seed vigor the ratio of the gibberellin(GA3)to abscisic acid(ABA)in the seeds of wheat varieties(Yumai 18,Xiong 3517,Liuhu 98)with high seed vigor was significantly higher than that of the wheat varieties(Xinong 2003,Luomai 21 and Shaanmai 107)with low seed vigor.Our research revealed that seed vigor traits varied widely in wheat germplasm resources,and the relative content of plant endogenous hormones GA3 and ABA wasthe key factor affecting the seed vigor.
In order to explore the wheat germplasms with high seed vigor and reveal the intrinsic physiological factor about seed vigor in different wheat varieties,180 wheat seed varieties(lines)which were stored in the normal temperature seed bank for six years,were used as materials for comparative study of seed vigor.The results showed that the germination rate of 180 wheat varieties(lines)were significantly different.Thirty-five wheat varieties(lines)completely lost the seed vigor,and the highest seed vigor were Yumai 18(92%),Xinong 3517(76%)and Liuhu 98(72%),respectively.Some physical indicators,including the electrical conductivity of seeds extract,the moisture content of seeds and grain quality traits,were measured.Then,the correlation analysis was performed between these physical indicators and the germination rate.We found that the germination rate was significantly negatively correlated with the electrical conductivity and the starch content,and negatively correlated with the water content.However,the germination rate had no correlationship with the total protein content in grains.Furthermore,the gibberellin(GA3)and abscisic acid(ABA)which were the key hormones in seed germination were measured in six varieties with significant seed vigor the ratio of the gibberellin(GA3)to abscisic acid(ABA)in the seeds of wheat varieties(Yumai 18,Xiong 3517,Liuhu 98)with high seed vigor was significantly higher than that of the wheat varieties(Xinong 2003,Luomai 21 and Shaanmai 107)with low seed vigor.Our research revealed that seed vigor traits varied widely in wheat germplasm resources,and the relative content of plant endogenous hormones GA3 and ABA wasthe key factor affecting the seed vigor.
引文
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[14]张自阳,马景周,王智煜,等.人工老化对小麦种子活力及醇溶蛋白组成的影响[J].种子,2017,36(8):42-47.
[15]朱银,颜伟,杨欣,等.人工加速老化对小麦种子活力和品质性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):146-148.
[16]Walters C,Hill L M,Wheeler L J.Dying while Dry:Kinetics and Mechanisms of Deterioration in Desiccated Organisms[J].Integrative&Comparative Biology,2005,45(5):751-758.
[17]Treutter D.Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2006,4(3):147.
[18]吴贻开,陈文杰,李清华,等.相对湿度对水稻种子贮藏寿命的影响[J].福建农业科技,2000(4):6-7.
[19]刘娟,归静,高伟,等.种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4 997-5 006.
[20]Galleschi L,Capocchi A,Ghiringhelli S,et al.Antioxidants,free radicals,storage proteins,and proteolytic activities in wheat(Triticum durum)seeds during accelerated aging[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2002,50(19):5 450.
[21]王凤,齐军仓,林立昊,等.人工老化对大麦种子发芽特性及淀粉分解的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(7):951-960.
[22]阚琳玮.不同处理方式对马铃薯品质的影响研究[D].河南工业大学,2014.
[23]张红生,胡晋.种子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]Vishal B,Kumar P P.Regulation of Seed Germination and Abiotic Stresses by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2018,9.
[25]Gimeno-Gilles C,Lelièvre E,Viau L,et al.ABA-mediated inhibition of germination is related to the inhibition of genes encoding cell-wall biosynthetic and architecture:modifying enzymes and structural proteins in Medicago truncatula embryo axis.[J].分子植物(英文版),2009,2(1):108-119.
[26]White C N,Rivin C J.Gibberellins and seed development in maize.II.Gibberellin synthesis inhibition enhances abscisic acid signaling in cultured embryos[J].Plant Physiology,2000,122(4):1 089-1 097.
[27]于敏,徐恒,张华,等.植物激素在种子休眠与萌发中的调控机制[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(5):599-606.
[2]Yamane Y,Kashino Y,Koike H,et al.Effects of high temperatures on the photosynthetic systems in spinach:Oxygen-evolving activities,fluorescence characteristics and the denaturation process[J].Photosynthesis Research,1998,57(1):51-59.
[3]乔燕祥,周建萍,田齐建,等.大豆种子老化过程中生理特性变化的研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(5):616-620.
[4]国际种子检验协会.国际种子检验规程[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:146-52.
[5]Leprince O,Buitink J,Bradford K J,et al.Desiccation tolerance:from genomics to the field.[J].Plant Science,2012,179(6):554-564.
[6]Rajjou L,Debeaujon I.Seed longevity:survival and maintenance of high germination ability of dry seeds[J].Comptes rendus biologies,2008,331(10):796-805.
[7]董新红,宋明.种子劣变的原因及其防止与修复[J].中国种业,2002(1):39-40.
[8]Goel A,Goel A K,Sheoran I S.Changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial ageing in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)seeds[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,160(9):1 093.
[9]Munné-Bosch S,O1ate M,Oliveira P G,et al.Changes in phytohormones and oxidative stress markers in buried seeds of Vellozia alata[J].Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants,2011,206(8):704-711.
[10]Corbineau F,Gay-Mathieu C,Vinel D,et al.Decrease in sunflower(Helianthus annuus)seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism,membrane damage and lipid composition[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2002,116(4):489-496.
[11]Sara M,Melena G,Anam I,et al.Dormancy release and seed ageing in the endangered species Silene diclinis[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2011,20(2):345-358.
[12]Golovina E A,As H V,Hoekstra F A.Membrane chemical stability and seed longevity[J].European Biophysics Journal,2010,39(4):657-668.
[13]刘明久,王铁固,陈士林,等.玉米种子人工老化过程中生理特性与种子活力的变化[J].核农学报,2008,22(4):510-513.
[14]张自阳,马景周,王智煜,等.人工老化对小麦种子活力及醇溶蛋白组成的影响[J].种子,2017,36(8):42-47.
[15]朱银,颜伟,杨欣,等.人工加速老化对小麦种子活力和品质性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):146-148.
[16]Walters C,Hill L M,Wheeler L J.Dying while Dry:Kinetics and Mechanisms of Deterioration in Desiccated Organisms[J].Integrative&Comparative Biology,2005,45(5):751-758.
[17]Treutter D.Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2006,4(3):147.
[18]吴贻开,陈文杰,李清华,等.相对湿度对水稻种子贮藏寿命的影响[J].福建农业科技,2000(4):6-7.
[19]刘娟,归静,高伟,等.种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4 997-5 006.
[20]Galleschi L,Capocchi A,Ghiringhelli S,et al.Antioxidants,free radicals,storage proteins,and proteolytic activities in wheat(Triticum durum)seeds during accelerated aging[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2002,50(19):5 450.
[21]王凤,齐军仓,林立昊,等.人工老化对大麦种子发芽特性及淀粉分解的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(7):951-960.
[22]阚琳玮.不同处理方式对马铃薯品质的影响研究[D].河南工业大学,2014.
[23]张红生,胡晋.种子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]Vishal B,Kumar P P.Regulation of Seed Germination and Abiotic Stresses by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2018,9.
[25]Gimeno-Gilles C,Lelièvre E,Viau L,et al.ABA-mediated inhibition of germination is related to the inhibition of genes encoding cell-wall biosynthetic and architecture:modifying enzymes and structural proteins in Medicago truncatula embryo axis.[J].分子植物(英文版),2009,2(1):108-119.
[26]White C N,Rivin C J.Gibberellins and seed development in maize.II.Gibberellin synthesis inhibition enhances abscisic acid signaling in cultured embryos[J].Plant Physiology,2000,122(4):1 089-1 097.
[27]于敏,徐恒,张华,等.植物激素在种子休眠与萌发中的调控机制[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(5):599-606.