大伙房水库流域不同植被类型枯落物层和土壤层水文效应
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摘要
为了研究大伙房水库流域森林生态系统枯落物层和土壤层水文效应,以流域内3种不同植被类型为研究对象,采用浸泡法、环刀法对其枯落物层和土壤层水文功能进行定量研究。结果表明:(1)3种植被类型枯落物蓄积量为23.20～39.11t/hm~2,表现为刺槐天然次生林>油松人工林>落叶松人工林,且阔叶林枯落物半分解层蓄积量大于未分解层,而针叶林则相反。(2)枯落物层最大持水量为50.24～109.19t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量为41.70～90.71t/hm~2,均表现为刺槐天然次生林>油松人工林>落叶松人工林,刺槐天然次生林枯落物层持水功能较好。(3)枯落物未分解层、半分解层分别在浸水10,8h基本达到饱和,持水量与浸水时间呈明显对数关系(R2>0.91);枯落物在浸水1h内吸水速率变化最大,4h左右吸水速率明显减缓,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系(R2>0.93)。(4)3种植被类型土壤容重均值变化范围为1.10～1.25g/cm~3,总孔隙度变化范围为27.96%～30.19%,土壤有效持水量变化范围为21.11～29.39t/hm~2,不同植被类型土壤层持水能力表现为刺槐天然次生林>油松人工林>落叶松人工林,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系(R2>0.90)。综合3种植被类型枯落物层及土壤层水文功能表明刺槐天然次生林的水源涵养功能较强,建议在该流域加强天然次生林的保护和恢复。
A pilot study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in three different vegetation types(Pinus tabulaeformis plantation,Larix gmelinii plantation and Robinia pseudoacacia natural secondary forests)in Dahuofang Watershed.The hydrological functions of litters layer and soil layer were quantitatively determined by immersion method and cutting-ring method.The results showed that:(1)The litter volume of three different vegetation types was about 23.20 ～ 39.11t/hm~2,which followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation>L.gmelinii plantation,and the volume of semi-decomposed litter was higher than that of undecomposed litter in broad-leaved forest,while the opposite trend was observed in coniferous forest.(2)The maximum water-holding capacity and modified interception amount was 50.24 ～ 109.19t/hm~2 and 41.70 ～ 90.71t/hm~2,respectively,both of them followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation> L.gmelinii plantation.(3)Semi-decomposed litter could be saturated in 8hours and undecomposed litter reached saturation in 10 hours,the water-holding capacity had logarithmic relationship with soaking time(R2>0.91),the absorption rate changed the most within the first 1hour of soaking,and it obviously slowed down after 4hours,and there was a power function relationship between water absorption rate and soaking time(R2>0.93).(4)The average soil bulk density of the three vegetation types ranged from 1.10g/cm~3 to1.25g/cm~3,total porosity was about 27.96% ～ 30.19%.The soil effective water-holding capacity was about 21.11～29.39t/hm~2,which followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation> L.gmelinii plantation.A significant power function relation between infiltration rate and infiltration fitting time was found(R2>0.90).Considering the hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer of three different vegetation types,the water conservation function of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests was stronger than that of the other vegetation types,which suggested that more attention should be paid to protect and restore the natural secondary forests in the Dahuofang watershed in order to improve water conservation function of forest.
A pilot study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in three different vegetation types(Pinus tabulaeformis plantation,Larix gmelinii plantation and Robinia pseudoacacia natural secondary forests)in Dahuofang Watershed.The hydrological functions of litters layer and soil layer were quantitatively determined by immersion method and cutting-ring method.The results showed that:(1)The litter volume of three different vegetation types was about 23.20 ～ 39.11t/hm~2,which followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation>L.gmelinii plantation,and the volume of semi-decomposed litter was higher than that of undecomposed litter in broad-leaved forest,while the opposite trend was observed in coniferous forest.(2)The maximum water-holding capacity and modified interception amount was 50.24 ～ 109.19t/hm~2 and 41.70 ～ 90.71t/hm~2,respectively,both of them followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation> L.gmelinii plantation.(3)Semi-decomposed litter could be saturated in 8hours and undecomposed litter reached saturation in 10 hours,the water-holding capacity had logarithmic relationship with soaking time(R2>0.91),the absorption rate changed the most within the first 1hour of soaking,and it obviously slowed down after 4hours,and there was a power function relationship between water absorption rate and soaking time(R2>0.93).(4)The average soil bulk density of the three vegetation types ranged from 1.10g/cm~3 to1.25g/cm~3,total porosity was about 27.96% ～ 30.19%.The soil effective water-holding capacity was about 21.11～29.39t/hm~2,which followed the order of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests> P.tabulaeformis plantation> L.gmelinii plantation.A significant power function relation between infiltration rate and infiltration fitting time was found(R2>0.90).Considering the hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer of three different vegetation types,the water conservation function of R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests was stronger than that of the other vegetation types,which suggested that more attention should be paid to protect and restore the natural secondary forests in the Dahuofang watershed in order to improve water conservation function of forest.
引文
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[3] Mori A S,Lertzman K P,Gustafsson L.Biodiversity and ecosystem services in forest ecosystems:A research agenda for applied forest ecology[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,54:12-27.
[4]周佳雯,高吉喜,高志球,等.森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能解析[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1679-1686.
[5] Breure A M,Deyn G D,Dominati E,et al.Ecosystem services:A useful concept for soil policy making![J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2012,4(5):578-585.
[6] Zhang M,Liu N,Harper R,et al.A global review on hydrological responses to forest change across multiple spatial scales:Importance of scale,climate,forest type and hydrological regime[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,546(2017):44-59.
[7]胡晓聪,黄乾亮,金亮.西双版纳热带山地雨林枯落物及其土壤水文功能[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):55-63.
[8]卢振启,黄秋娴,杨新兵.河北雾灵山不同海拔油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):112-116.
[9]贾剑波,刘文娜,余新晓,等.半城子流域3种林地枯落物的持水能力[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(6):26-32.
[10] Dunkerley D.Percolation through leaf litter:What happens during rainfall events of varying intensity?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:737-746.
[11]余新晓.森林植被-土壤-大气连续体水分传输过程与机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[12]侯贵荣,毕华兴,魏曦,等.黄土残塬沟壑区3种林地枯落物和土壤水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):358-371.
[13]赵阳,余新晓,吴海龙,等.华北土石山区典型森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):148-152.
[14]鲁绍伟,陈波,潘青华,等.北京山地不同海拔人工油松林枯落物及其土壤水文效应[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(6):54-58.
[15]王琼,李法云,范志平,等.辽宁省大伙房水库及入库河流水质空间特征与河库水质关系[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):775-784.
[16]史玉强,刘建东,金永民,等.辽宁大伙房水库水质健康风险评估[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):60-64.
[17]高佳,苏芳莉,孟繁斌.大伙房水库流域重金属Cu分布特征规律[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):235-238,262.
[18]胡亚林,刘杰,范志平,等.大伙房水库流域水源涵养林植被类型对土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N淋溶的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2103-2110.
[19]胡淑萍,余新晓,岳永杰.北京百花山森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):146-150.