马铃薯行株距比对光合特性及产量品质的影响
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摘要
为了研究马铃薯在相同种植密度下高产优质最佳的行株距,采用37 500和60 000株·hm-2两种密度,通过扩大行距缩小株距,分别设置4个和7个行株距比处理,研究其对马铃薯茎叶干物质积累、光分布、光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性、产量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C、还原糖含量的影响。结果表明:行株距比在低密度下为1.5、高密度下为2.5时,可提高茎叶干物质量、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(PSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)、鲜薯产量及其淀粉、维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和还原糖含量的变化规律与之相反。‘青薯9号’高产优质的行距/株距在37 500和60 000株·hm~(-2)种植密度下,分别为63.3 cm/42.2 cm和64.6 cm/25.8 cm。
To provide theoretical basis of the optimal row and plant spacing for high yield and quality of potato under certain planting density,in this study,four and seven ratio of row spacing to plant spacing were applied under two planting densities of 3.75 × 10~4 and 6 × 10~4 plants · hm~(-2),respectively,to identify the effect of widening row spacing and shortening plant spacing,which is to increase the ratio of row spacing to plant spacing,on dry matter weight,light distribution,photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and starch,protein,vitamin C,reducing sugar content in potato cultivar Qingshu 9. The results showed that dry matter weight of stems and leaves,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,P_n,T_r,G_s,F_v/F_m,PSⅡ,qP,yield and content of starch,vitamin C,and soluble protein were significantly or extremely significantly increased under the low ratio of 1.5 or high ratio of 2.5 of row spacing to plant spacing,but Ci,NPQ and reducing sugar content exhibited opposite tendency. The optimal row spacing and plant spacing for potato cultivar Qingshu 9 to obtain high yield and good quality under the planting density of 3.75 × 10~4 and 6 × 10~4 plants · hm~(-2),were 63.3 cm/42.2 cm and 64.6 cm/25.8 cm,respectively.
To provide theoretical basis of the optimal row and plant spacing for high yield and quality of potato under certain planting density,in this study,four and seven ratio of row spacing to plant spacing were applied under two planting densities of 3.75 × 10~4 and 6 × 10~4 plants · hm~(-2),respectively,to identify the effect of widening row spacing and shortening plant spacing,which is to increase the ratio of row spacing to plant spacing,on dry matter weight,light distribution,photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and starch,protein,vitamin C,reducing sugar content in potato cultivar Qingshu 9. The results showed that dry matter weight of stems and leaves,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,P_n,T_r,G_s,F_v/F_m,PSⅡ,qP,yield and content of starch,vitamin C,and soluble protein were significantly or extremely significantly increased under the low ratio of 1.5 or high ratio of 2.5 of row spacing to plant spacing,but Ci,NPQ and reducing sugar content exhibited opposite tendency. The optimal row spacing and plant spacing for potato cultivar Qingshu 9 to obtain high yield and good quality under the planting density of 3.75 × 10~4 and 6 × 10~4 plants · hm~(-2),were 63.3 cm/42.2 cm and 64.6 cm/25.8 cm,respectively.
引文
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Cui Hui-mei,Shi Guo-liang,An Jun-he.2006.Comparison study on the testing method of the content of reduced sugar in potato.Anhui Agricultural Science,34(19):4821-4823.崔辉梅,石国亮,安君和.2006.马铃薯还原糖含量测定方法的比较研究.安徽农业科学,34(19):4821-4823.
David D Tarkalson,Bradley A King,David L Bjorneberg,John P Taberna Jr.2012.Effects of planting configuration and in-row plant spacing on photosynthetically active radiation interception for three irrigated potato cultivars.Potato Research,55:41-58.
Farrar J,Pollock C,Gailaghet J.2000.Sucrose and the integration of metabolism in vascular plants.Plant Sci,154:1-11.
Feng Wei,Guan Tao,Xie Ying-xin,Guo Tian-cai,Zhu Yun-ji,Wang Chen-yang.2009.Effects of row spacing on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content and yield of wheat flag leaf.Journal of Triticeae Crops,29(6):1010-1014.(in Chinese)冯伟,管涛,谢迎新,郭天财,朱云集,王晨阳.2009.株行距对小麦旗叶氮素代谢及籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的影响.麦类作物学报,29(6):1010-1014.
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Wang Xiu-zhi,Liu Chong-wen,Xu Yi-qiang,Lv Yan-dong,Qian Yong-de,Zheng Gui-ping.2013.Effect of row spacing configuration on rice yield and quality of cold rice.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,52(4):758-762.(in Chinese)汪秀志,刘崇文,许谊强,吕艳东,钱永德,郑桂萍.2013.行株距配置对寒地水稻产量与品质的影响.湖北农业科学,52(4):758-762.
Wei Shi,Meng Fan-mei,Li Jing,Zhao Dong-xu,Gu Wan-rong,Sun Ji.2013.Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analysis and yield differences in different densities.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,44(10):1-5.(in Chinese)魏湜,孟繁美,李晶,赵东旭,顾万荣,孙继.2013.不同密度下玉米叶绿素荧光参数分析和产量差异比较.东北农业大学学报,44(10):1-5.
Wu Wen-rong,Yuan Ding,Yang Liu.2010.Effects of different planting distances on potato growth and yield.Journal of Northern Hebei University(Natural sciences),26(5):38-42.(in Chinese)吴文荣,袁丁,杨柳.2010.不同株行距对马铃薯生长及产量的影响.河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),26(5):38-42.
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Yang Guo-min,Sun Shu-juan,Zhou Xiu-bo,Chen Yu-hai,Qi Lin,Gao Hui-jun,Liu Yan.2009.Effects of population distribution and irrigation on the utilization of light energy in winter wheat fields.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(8):1868-1875.(in Chinese)杨国敏,孙淑娟,周勋波,陈雨海,齐林,高会军,刘岩.2009.群体分布和灌溉对冬小麦农田光能利用的影响.应用生态学报,20(8):1868-1875.
Yang You-wei,Wu Xi-dong.2009.Effects of different planting density on photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield traits of glutinous maize.Anhui Agricultural Science,37(18):8403-8405.(in Chinese)杨有为,吴锡冬.2009.不同栽培密度对糯玉米光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的影响.安徽农业科学,37(18):8403-8405.
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Cheng Jian-feng,Shen Yun-gang.2010.The management of high efficiency of crops.Acta Agronomica Sinica,36(8):1235-1247.(in Chinese)程建峰,沈允钢.2010.作物高光效之管见.作物学报,36(8):1235-1247.
Cui Hui-mei,Shi Guo-liang,An Jun-he.2006.Comparison study on the testing method of the content of reduced sugar in potato.Anhui Agricultural Science,34(19):4821-4823.崔辉梅,石国亮,安君和.2006.马铃薯还原糖含量测定方法的比较研究.安徽农业科学,34(19):4821-4823.
David D Tarkalson,Bradley A King,David L Bjorneberg,John P Taberna Jr.2012.Effects of planting configuration and in-row plant spacing on photosynthetically active radiation interception for three irrigated potato cultivars.Potato Research,55:41-58.
Farrar J,Pollock C,Gailaghet J.2000.Sucrose and the integration of metabolism in vascular plants.Plant Sci,154:1-11.
Feng Wei,Guan Tao,Xie Ying-xin,Guo Tian-cai,Zhu Yun-ji,Wang Chen-yang.2009.Effects of row spacing on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content and yield of wheat flag leaf.Journal of Triticeae Crops,29(6):1010-1014.(in Chinese)冯伟,管涛,谢迎新,郭天财,朱云集,王晨阳.2009.株行距对小麦旗叶氮素代谢及籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的影响.麦类作物学报,29(6):1010-1014.
Jiao Jie.2016.The content of soluble protein in alfalfa was determined by coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining.Agricultural Engineering Technology,(17):33-34.(in Chinese)焦洁.2016.考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法测定苜蓿中可溶性蛋白含量.农业工程技术,(17):33-34.
Li Na-na,Li Hui,Pei Yan-ting,Shi Yu-hua,Tian Qi-Zhuo,Xie Lian-jie,Wang Shu-liang,Liu Xin,Xu Feng-jiao.2010.Effects of row spacing on photosynthetic characteristics and yield structure of different spike winter wheat varieties.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,43(14):2869-2878.(in Chinese)李娜娜,李慧,裴艳婷,石玉华,田奇卓,谢连杰,王树亮,刘鑫,徐凤娇.2010.行株距配置对不同穗型冬小麦品种光合特性及产量结构的影响.中国农业科学,43(14):2869-2878.
Liu Z T.2002.Study on technology for high yield of solid-seeded soybean.Soybean Science,21(2):117-122.
Qi Lin,Yang Guo-min,Zhou Xiu,Chen Yu-hai,Gao Hui-jun,Liu Yan.2009.Effects of plant distribution on dry matter accumulation and yield in soybean population in summer.Journal of Crops,35(9):1722-1728.(in Chinese)齐林,杨国敏,周勋波,陈雨海,高会军,刘岩.2009.夏大豆群体内植株分布对干物质积累分配及产量的影响.作物学报,35(9):1722-1728.
Tian Feng,Li Yu-zhen,Ma Zhan-lan.1997.Comparative study on determination of potato starch content.Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry Technology,(1):52-54.(in Chinese)田丰,李渝珍,马占兰.1997.马铃薯淀粉含量测定方法的比较研究.青海农林科技,(1):52-54.
Tian Zai-min,Gong Xue-chen,Feng Yan,Zhang Rui-jiu,Yin Jiang.2012.Effects of different row space on the growth,photosynthetic rate and yield of ji zhang yam.Guangdong Agricultural Science,39(16):7-9.(in Chinese)田再民,龚学臣,冯琰,张瑞玖,尹江.2012.不同行距对冀张薯8号生长、光合速率及产量的影响.广东农业科学,39(16):7-9.
Tian Zai-min,Gong Xue-chen,Qi Li-pan,Yin Jiang,Liu Li-wen,Yuan Wen-long.2014.Effects of different planting densities on the photosynthetic characteristics of Jichang Potato 8.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,53(13):2995-2998.(in Chinese)田再民,龚学臣,祁利潘,尹江,刘立文,袁文龙.2014.不同种植密度对冀张薯8号光合特性的影响.湖北农业科学,53(13):2995-2998.
Wang Chang-jin,Hu Man,Li Jing,Li Wen-yang,Niu Yong-sheng,Zhang Zi-xue,Liu Zheng.2014.Effects of row spacing allocation on summer maize yield and field microclimate.Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,28(3):21-24.(in Chinese)王长进,胡曼,李静,李文阳,牛永胜,张子学,刘正.2014.行株距配置对夏玉米产量及田间小气候的影响.安徽科技学院学报,28(3):21-24.
Wang Lei,Zhang Tong,Ding Sheng-yan.2008.Effects of drought and complex water on photosynthetic physiological ecology of different types of wheat.Acta Ecologica Sinica,28(4):1593-1600.(in Chinese)王磊,张彤,丁圣彦.2008.干旱和复水对不同倍性小麦光合生理生态的影响.生态学报,28(4):1593-1600.
Wang Xiu-zhi,Liu Chong-wen,Xu Yi-qiang,Lv Yan-dong,Qian Yong-de,Zheng Gui-ping.2013.Effect of row spacing configuration on rice yield and quality of cold rice.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,52(4):758-762.(in Chinese)汪秀志,刘崇文,许谊强,吕艳东,钱永德,郑桂萍.2013.行株距配置对寒地水稻产量与品质的影响.湖北农业科学,52(4):758-762.
Wei Shi,Meng Fan-mei,Li Jing,Zhao Dong-xu,Gu Wan-rong,Sun Ji.2013.Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analysis and yield differences in different densities.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,44(10):1-5.(in Chinese)魏湜,孟繁美,李晶,赵东旭,顾万荣,孙继.2013.不同密度下玉米叶绿素荧光参数分析和产量差异比较.东北农业大学学报,44(10):1-5.
Wu Wen-rong,Yuan Ding,Yang Liu.2010.Effects of different planting distances on potato growth and yield.Journal of Northern Hebei University(Natural sciences),26(5):38-42.(in Chinese)吴文荣,袁丁,杨柳.2010.不同株行距对马铃薯生长及产量的影响.河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),26(5):38-42.
Wu Yu-e,Han Zhan-jiang,Xue Xiang,Gan Qing-lu,Liang Yun-juan.2005.Effects of row distance on yield traits of different plant types.Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural sciences),33(3):14-16.(in Chinese)吴玉娥,韩占江,薛香,郜庆炉,梁云娟.2005.行距对不同株型小麦产量性状的影响.河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),33(3):14-16.
Yang Guo-min,Sun Shu-juan,Zhou Xiu-bo,Chen Yu-hai,Qi Lin,Gao Hui-jun,Liu Yan.2009.Effects of population distribution and irrigation on the utilization of light energy in winter wheat fields.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(8):1868-1875.(in Chinese)杨国敏,孙淑娟,周勋波,陈雨海,齐林,高会军,刘岩.2009.群体分布和灌溉对冬小麦农田光能利用的影响.应用生态学报,20(8):1868-1875.
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