机播模式下芝麻不同行株距配置的高产效应研究
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摘要
为探索不同播种方式的高产效应,明确机播模式下不同行株距配置对芝麻产量的影响,采用大田研究方式,以芝麻品种郑芝98N09和郑太芝1号为材料,系统研究了不同行株距配置条件下的芝麻功能叶光合特性、农艺性状、产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质。结果表明,不同行株距配置条件下不同芝麻品种叶绿素含量和净光合速率不同。随株距减小,净光合速率降低。不同行株距配置对芝麻的农艺性状、产量及其构成因素产生较大影响,而对籽粒品质影响不大。其中,株距对株高、始蒴位高、黄梢尖长和果轴长的影响较大,而行距配置的影响较小。单株蒴数表现出随株距减小而下降的变化趋势;芝麻蒴粒数的变化规律不同品种表现不一致,但均表现出随株距减小而减小的变化规律;籽粒千粒质量亦随株距减小而降低,等行距配置的千粒质量均大于宽窄行配置;但行株距配置对品质的影响不大。本试验条件下,2个芝麻品种均以株距不小于11. 11 cm(亦即密度低于22. 5万苗/hm2)条件下的芝麻籽粒产量最高,该株距配置条件下,不仅芝麻叶片叶绿素含量较高,叶片光合同化能力较强,而且产量构成因素较协调,农艺性状表现较优,可供生产参考。
In order to explore the high yield effect of different seeding methods and clarify row and plant spacing of mechanized on high yielding in sesame. Field experiments were conducted to study functional-leaves photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,yield and its components and grain quality of sesame under different row and plant spacing configuration with Zhengzhi 98 N09 and Zhengtaizhi 1 in experiment base of Henan Pingyu in2014. The results showed that the SPAD values and net photosynthesis rate in sesame functional-leaves were different under different row and plant spacing configuration. The net photosynthetic rate decreased with plant spacing reduced,effects of row and plant spacing on agronomic traits,yield and its components was great,while effects on quality of sesame was little. Among them,plant spacing had a greater impact on plant height,height of the first capsule,length of no capsule tip and length of main fruit axis,while row spacing had a smaller impact. The number of capsules per plant decreased with the decrease of plant spacing. The variation regularity of seed number per capsule with different varieties,but also showed the change rule with plant spacing reduced. 1000-grain weight was also decreased with plant spacing,and the 1000-grain quality of equal row spacing was higher than that of wide and narrow row spacing. The effect of row spacing on quality was not significant. The yield of sesame seed was the highest under the condition of row spacing was no more than 11. 11 cm( the density was less than 225 000 seedlings/ha),under the condition of plant spacing allocation,not only the chlorophyll content of sesame leaves was higher,the photosynthetic assimilation ability of sesame leaves was stronger,but also the yield components were more coordina-ted,and the agronomic characters were better,which could be used as a reference for production.
In order to explore the high yield effect of different seeding methods and clarify row and plant spacing of mechanized on high yielding in sesame. Field experiments were conducted to study functional-leaves photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,yield and its components and grain quality of sesame under different row and plant spacing configuration with Zhengzhi 98 N09 and Zhengtaizhi 1 in experiment base of Henan Pingyu in2014. The results showed that the SPAD values and net photosynthesis rate in sesame functional-leaves were different under different row and plant spacing configuration. The net photosynthetic rate decreased with plant spacing reduced,effects of row and plant spacing on agronomic traits,yield and its components was great,while effects on quality of sesame was little. Among them,plant spacing had a greater impact on plant height,height of the first capsule,length of no capsule tip and length of main fruit axis,while row spacing had a smaller impact. The number of capsules per plant decreased with the decrease of plant spacing. The variation regularity of seed number per capsule with different varieties,but also showed the change rule with plant spacing reduced. 1000-grain weight was also decreased with plant spacing,and the 1000-grain quality of equal row spacing was higher than that of wide and narrow row spacing. The effect of row spacing on quality was not significant. The yield of sesame seed was the highest under the condition of row spacing was no more than 11. 11 cm( the density was less than 225 000 seedlings/ha),under the condition of plant spacing allocation,not only the chlorophyll content of sesame leaves was higher,the photosynthetic assimilation ability of sesame leaves was stronger,but also the yield components were more coordina-ted,and the agronomic characters were better,which could be used as a reference for production.
引文
[1]赵双锁,关丽云,赵离飞,等.播期播量对郑芝98N09农艺性状及产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2013(2):105-107.
[2] Kalaiselvan P,Subrahmaniyan K,Balasubramanian T N.Plant density effect on the growth and yield of sesame-A review[J]. Agricultural Reviews,2001,22(1):52-56.
[3] Rodrigues A F,Souza T A F D,Marques L F,et al. Agricultural management practices:Effects on soil properties,root growth and sesame yield[J]. Russian Agricultural Sciences,2016,42(5):321-327.
[4]石明权,段莹,崔向华,等.不同密度对芝麻生长发育及产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2009(2):48-49.
[5]马淑娟,刘小林,胡金和.种植密度对黑芝麻农艺性状的影响[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(3):1-3.
[6]肖国滨,刘小三,黄天宝,等.不同种植密度对黑芝麻赣芝7号产量及主要性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(21):155-158.
[7]胡金和,饶月亮,赵燕,等.不同种植密度下黑芝麻干物质积累与产量关系的研究[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(7):84-85.
[8]Oztürk O,Saman O. Effects of different plant densities on the yield and quality of second crop sesame[J]. Proceedings of World Academy of Science,2012,6(9):644-649.
[9]汪瑞清,肖运萍,魏林根,等.不同播期与密度对江西秋芝麻产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(4):12-14.
[10] Imayavaramban V,Singaravel R,Thanunathan K,et al.Studies on the effect of different plant densities and the levels of nitrogen on the productivity and economic returns of sesame[J]. Crop Research Hisar, 2002, 24(2):314-316.
[11]刘焱,谢富欣,王飞雪,等.南阳盆地夏芝麻播种期和种植密度对其产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2012(9):101-104.
[12]赵莉,汪强,徐桂珍,等.播种期和种植密度对芝麻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(5):111-113.
[13]张芳,崔向华,段莹,等.芝麻新品种驻芝21号的播期和密度试验研究[J].农业科技通讯,2015(12):118-121.
[14]高树广,李伟峰,王瑞霞,等.周口生态区麦茬芝麻-花生间作高效栽培技术[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(3):98-99.
[15]李伟峰,杨光宇,王瑞霞.芝麻新品种98N09适宜播期与密度试验[J].农业科技通讯,2010(4):66-67.
[16] Delgado M,Yermanos D M. Yield components of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)under different population densities[J]. Economic Botany,1975,29(1):69-78.
[17]周林娜,周霞丽,石明权,等.芝麻不同种植密度对其生物特性的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2015(9):162-164.
[18]王瑞霞,徐博涵,张春花,等.芝麻新品种周10J5适宜播期与密度试验研究[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(8):27-29.
[19]何水得,付华亮,肖国涪,等.红壤旱地不同密度和施肥配方对芝麻产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(2):39-40.
[20]刘文萍,卫双玲,申珂,等.不同播期密度对山西省复播芝麻的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2011(8):90-92.
[21]赵莉,汪强,徐桂珍,等.播种期和种植密度对芝麻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(5):111-113.
[22]邢丹丹,陈振武,葛维德,等.不同密度对芝麻农艺性状及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010(4):11-17.
[23]卫双玲,李春明,高桐梅,等.芝麻氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):644-649.
[24]汪强,赵莉,张子福.芝麻种植机械调研及农机农艺配套技术研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(2):224-230.
[25]张彪.芝麻全程机械化生产试验及技术探讨[J].湖北农机化,2017(6):27-28.
[26]魏林根,肖运萍,吕丰娟,等.芝麻耕种施肥一体化机械播种方式对芝麻出苗的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(3):28-29.
[27]魏林根,肖运萍,汪瑞清,等.早稻茬秋芝麻轻简化播种方式研究初报[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(1):26-28.
[28]万富强.白芝麻大面积连片种植获得高产的可行性分析[J].乡村科技,2017(3):46-46.
[29]王桂华,张波,姜楠.北方半干旱区芝麻深种浅出播种技术[J].北京农业,2013,21(7):21-21.
[30]魏林根,吕丰娟,汪瑞清,等.耕种施肥一体化机械耙齿盖土器对芝麻出苗的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(10):98-100.
[31]刘宗发,王苏影,葛洪滨,等.江西省黑芝麻大面积高产高效栽培技术探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2015(14):55-57.
[32]张东明.夏芝麻免耕直播简化高产栽培技术[J].河南农业,2013(17):32-32.
[33]赵泽军.江淮分水岭地区芝麻高产轻简化栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2015(13):43-43.
[2] Kalaiselvan P,Subrahmaniyan K,Balasubramanian T N.Plant density effect on the growth and yield of sesame-A review[J]. Agricultural Reviews,2001,22(1):52-56.
[3] Rodrigues A F,Souza T A F D,Marques L F,et al. Agricultural management practices:Effects on soil properties,root growth and sesame yield[J]. Russian Agricultural Sciences,2016,42(5):321-327.
[4]石明权,段莹,崔向华,等.不同密度对芝麻生长发育及产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2009(2):48-49.
[5]马淑娟,刘小林,胡金和.种植密度对黑芝麻农艺性状的影响[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(3):1-3.
[6]肖国滨,刘小三,黄天宝,等.不同种植密度对黑芝麻赣芝7号产量及主要性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(21):155-158.
[7]胡金和,饶月亮,赵燕,等.不同种植密度下黑芝麻干物质积累与产量关系的研究[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(7):84-85.
[8]Oztürk O,Saman O. Effects of different plant densities on the yield and quality of second crop sesame[J]. Proceedings of World Academy of Science,2012,6(9):644-649.
[9]汪瑞清,肖运萍,魏林根,等.不同播期与密度对江西秋芝麻产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(4):12-14.
[10] Imayavaramban V,Singaravel R,Thanunathan K,et al.Studies on the effect of different plant densities and the levels of nitrogen on the productivity and economic returns of sesame[J]. Crop Research Hisar, 2002, 24(2):314-316.
[11]刘焱,谢富欣,王飞雪,等.南阳盆地夏芝麻播种期和种植密度对其产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2012(9):101-104.
[12]赵莉,汪强,徐桂珍,等.播种期和种植密度对芝麻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(5):111-113.
[13]张芳,崔向华,段莹,等.芝麻新品种驻芝21号的播期和密度试验研究[J].农业科技通讯,2015(12):118-121.
[14]高树广,李伟峰,王瑞霞,等.周口生态区麦茬芝麻-花生间作高效栽培技术[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(3):98-99.
[15]李伟峰,杨光宇,王瑞霞.芝麻新品种98N09适宜播期与密度试验[J].农业科技通讯,2010(4):66-67.
[16] Delgado M,Yermanos D M. Yield components of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)under different population densities[J]. Economic Botany,1975,29(1):69-78.
[17]周林娜,周霞丽,石明权,等.芝麻不同种植密度对其生物特性的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2015(9):162-164.
[18]王瑞霞,徐博涵,张春花,等.芝麻新品种周10J5适宜播期与密度试验研究[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(8):27-29.
[19]何水得,付华亮,肖国涪,等.红壤旱地不同密度和施肥配方对芝麻产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(2):39-40.
[20]刘文萍,卫双玲,申珂,等.不同播期密度对山西省复播芝麻的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2011(8):90-92.
[21]赵莉,汪强,徐桂珍,等.播种期和种植密度对芝麻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(5):111-113.
[22]邢丹丹,陈振武,葛维德,等.不同密度对芝麻农艺性状及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010(4):11-17.
[23]卫双玲,李春明,高桐梅,等.芝麻氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):644-649.
[24]汪强,赵莉,张子福.芝麻种植机械调研及农机农艺配套技术研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(2):224-230.
[25]张彪.芝麻全程机械化生产试验及技术探讨[J].湖北农机化,2017(6):27-28.
[26]魏林根,肖运萍,吕丰娟,等.芝麻耕种施肥一体化机械播种方式对芝麻出苗的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(3):28-29.
[27]魏林根,肖运萍,汪瑞清,等.早稻茬秋芝麻轻简化播种方式研究初报[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(1):26-28.
[28]万富强.白芝麻大面积连片种植获得高产的可行性分析[J].乡村科技,2017(3):46-46.
[29]王桂华,张波,姜楠.北方半干旱区芝麻深种浅出播种技术[J].北京农业,2013,21(7):21-21.
[30]魏林根,吕丰娟,汪瑞清,等.耕种施肥一体化机械耙齿盖土器对芝麻出苗的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(10):98-100.
[31]刘宗发,王苏影,葛洪滨,等.江西省黑芝麻大面积高产高效栽培技术探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2015(14):55-57.
[32]张东明.夏芝麻免耕直播简化高产栽培技术[J].河南农业,2013(17):32-32.
[33]赵泽军.江淮分水岭地区芝麻高产轻简化栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2015(13):43-43.