不同提取方法对粳稻米糠油脂提取效果的研究
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摘要
采用螺旋压榨法、液压压榨法和正己烷浸提法提取粳稻米糠油脂,研究了不同提取方法对粳稻米糠油脂提取率的影响与提取机理。以气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法、红外光谱(FT-IR)法对米糠油脂成分进行分析。采用超声辅助水酶法提取去油后粳稻米糠中的蛋白质,采用导数热分析(DTG)法和扫描电镜(SEM)对粳稻米糠和提油后米糠渣样品的物理性质进行分析,阐明了提取油脂过程及机制。分析表明:螺旋压榨法提油率为8.01%,其中以油酸含量最高,其次为亚油酸和棕榈酸,角鲨烯含量为1.41%;液压压榨法提油率为5.08%,油酸和亚油酸含量高,角鲨烯含量10.28%,棕榈酸含量最少;正己烷浸提法提油率为14.25%,含量较多的是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸,并检测出肉豆蔻酸、菜油甾醇,未测出角鲨烯。DTG分析表明,水酶法提取蛋白后的米糠渣样品存在一定的差异,SEM分析发现采用不同的提取方法得到的剩余米糠渣在微观结构未见明显差异。研究结果为米糠油脂的制备方法提供了一定的实验参考。
The effects of the screw press, hydraulic press and N-hexane extraction methods on Japonica rice bran oil extraction results and mechanism were studied by GC-MS and FT-IR. The proteins in the residues after removal of the oils were extracted by aqueous-enzyme method, and the residues were analyzed by DTG and SEM methods in order to elucidate the extraction mechanism. The results showed that, the extraction rate of oil screw press was of 8.01%, which containing the maximal oleic acid and then linoleic acid, palmitic acid and the least squalene of 1.41%, respectively; the oil extraction rate of hydraulic press method was of 5.08% with mainly of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the least is palmitic acid and the squalene was of 10.28%; the high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, as well as myristic acid, stigmasterol and sitosterol except for squalene were also detected by the N-hexane extraction method, which the extraction rate of was 14.25%. The different oils extracted were characterized by the IR method. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that there were some differences between the residues after extraction of the proteins. There were no significant ultrastructure differences among the residues analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy, research and analysis should be further carried out though this research provided a basis for the rice bran oil extraction.
The effects of the screw press, hydraulic press and N-hexane extraction methods on Japonica rice bran oil extraction results and mechanism were studied by GC-MS and FT-IR. The proteins in the residues after removal of the oils were extracted by aqueous-enzyme method, and the residues were analyzed by DTG and SEM methods in order to elucidate the extraction mechanism. The results showed that, the extraction rate of oil screw press was of 8.01%, which containing the maximal oleic acid and then linoleic acid, palmitic acid and the least squalene of 1.41%, respectively; the oil extraction rate of hydraulic press method was of 5.08% with mainly of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the least is palmitic acid and the squalene was of 10.28%; the high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, as well as myristic acid, stigmasterol and sitosterol except for squalene were also detected by the N-hexane extraction method, which the extraction rate of was 14.25%. The different oils extracted were characterized by the IR method. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that there were some differences between the residues after extraction of the proteins. There were no significant ultrastructure differences among the residues analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy, research and analysis should be further carried out though this research provided a basis for the rice bran oil extraction.
引文
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[3] 秦微微,金婷,宋学东,等.粳稻米糠深加工产品的研究与应用[J].农产品加工(学刊),2013,12:61-63.
[4] 姜贝贝.粳稻米糠的综合利用及提取工艺研究[J].科技视野,2016,5:28-31.
[5] 梁盈,刘颖,王荣,等.粳稻米糠油不饱和脂肪酸对肝癌HepG2克隆及迁移能力的影响[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(11):7-12.
[6] 周显青,杨继红,张玉荣.国内外粳稻米糠资源利用现状与发展[J].粮食加工,2014,39(5):24-29.
[7] 肖少香.粳稻米糠油的营养价值及加工技术新进展[J].中国油脂,2003,28(4):83-84.
[8] 赵陈勇,王常青,许洁,等.两种提取方法对小米谷糠油中营养成分的影响[J].食品科学,2011,32(14):289-292.
[9] 孟凡友,李承刚,王立,等.挤压对粳稻米糠蛋白功能特性的影响[J].粮油加工,2006,11:68-71.
[10] 张金建,唐思煜,赵优萍,等.低温破壁法与溶剂浸出法制备粳稻米糠油研究[J].浙江科技学院学报,2016,28(6):450-455.
[11] 霍文兰.超临界CO2流体萃取法和溶剂法萃取粳稻米糠油脂肪酸成分研究[J].中国油脂,2009,34(8):77-79.
[12] 李冬梅,王婧,毕良武,等.提取方法对茶油中活性成分角鲨烯含量的影响[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(1):9-12.