BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响
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摘要
为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。
In order to explore the control efficiency and biocontrol mechanism of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT) against postharvest apple grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, the inhibitory effect of BHT to B. cinerea, and its effect on the activity of defensive enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in apple fruits were determined by using the agar plate and the wound inoculation methods. The results showed that, when apple was treated with 0.1 mmol/L BHT for 48 to 96 h and then inoculated with B. cinerea, the control efficiency was the best and could reach 68.59% to 73.55%, followed by 0.2 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L BHT, but the control effects were less than 52.94%. 0.1 mmol/L BHT had no significant effect on conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea; however,BHT could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in apple fruits. The peaks of defense enzyme activity and T-AOC in the fruit treated with BHT were 1.82 to 5.28 times higher than those of the controls, which were all significantly higher than that in the treatment with only the pathogen inoculation. In addition, MDA content increased rapidly and the maximum increase rate was up to 251.49%in the fruit inoculated with B. cinerea, but MDA content changed less in the fruit treated with BHT and the maximum increase rate was only 83.95%. The results suggested that BHT could induce apple fruit resistance against pathogen infection via increasing the activity of defensive enzymes and T-AOC and reducing the accumulation of MDA.
In order to explore the control efficiency and biocontrol mechanism of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT) against postharvest apple grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, the inhibitory effect of BHT to B. cinerea, and its effect on the activity of defensive enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in apple fruits were determined by using the agar plate and the wound inoculation methods. The results showed that, when apple was treated with 0.1 mmol/L BHT for 48 to 96 h and then inoculated with B. cinerea, the control efficiency was the best and could reach 68.59% to 73.55%, followed by 0.2 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L BHT, but the control effects were less than 52.94%. 0.1 mmol/L BHT had no significant effect on conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea; however,BHT could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in apple fruits. The peaks of defense enzyme activity and T-AOC in the fruit treated with BHT were 1.82 to 5.28 times higher than those of the controls, which were all significantly higher than that in the treatment with only the pathogen inoculation. In addition, MDA content increased rapidly and the maximum increase rate was up to 251.49%in the fruit inoculated with B. cinerea, but MDA content changed less in the fruit treated with BHT and the maximum increase rate was only 83.95%. The results suggested that BHT could induce apple fruit resistance against pathogen infection via increasing the activity of defensive enzymes and T-AOC and reducing the accumulation of MDA.
引文
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Cao JJ,Yu ZC,Zhang Y,Li BH,Liang WX,Wang CX.2017.Control efficiency of exogenous melatonin against postharvest apple grey mold and its influence on the activity of defensive enzymes.Plant Physiology Journal,53(9):1753-1760(in Chinese)[曹晶晶,于子超,张颖,李保华,梁文星,王彩霞.2017.外源褪黑素对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,53(9):1753-1760]
Guan YQ,Chen HB,Zhang BJ,Han JC,Liu HP.2011.Study on the inhibition effect of BHT on six kinds of plant pathogenic fungi.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),31(1):47-49(in Chinese)[关晔晴,陈红兵,张宝俊,韩巨才,刘慧平.2011.BHT对6种植物病原真菌抑制作用的研究.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):47-49]
Kuk YI,Shin JS,Burgos NR,Hwang TE,Han O,Cho BH,Jung S,Guh JO.2003.Antioxidative enzymes offer protection from chilling damage in rice plants.Crop Science,43(6):2109-2117
Li CL,Yu J,Liu ZH.2009.Influence of antioxidants on antioxidation performance of Gualouzi oil.Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,24(7):98-100,106(in Chinese)[李赤翎,俞建,刘仲华.2009.抗氧化剂对瓜蒌子油抗氧化性能的影响研究.中国粮油学报,24(7):98-100,106]
Liu L,Meng CY,Li P,Li L,Wang YJ,Yin F.2015.Effect of zinc on the ATP enzyme,MAO activity and T-AOC content of rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis,19(1):10-13(in Chinese)[刘磊,孟春阳,李鹏,李雷,王永杰,尹飞.2015.锌对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤大鼠ATP酶、MAO活性和T-AOC含量影响的研究.中国实验诊断学,19(1):10-13]
Liu LW,Liu LY,Hu TL,Wang YN,Wang ST,Cao KQ.2016.Biocontrol effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SS101 against apple replant disease.Journal of Plant Protection,43(5):812-818(in Chinese)[刘力伟,刘丽媛,胡同乐,王亚南,王树桐,曹克强.2016.荧光假单胞菌SS101对苹果再植病害的生防效果.植物保护学报,43(5):812-818]
Ma L,Han JC,Liu HP.2008.Fungicidal action of active metabolites of endophytic actinomycetes Lj20 from Cpsicum spp.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,16(3):664-668(in Chinese)[马林,韩巨才,刘慧平.2008.辣椒内生放线菌Lj20活性代谢物抑菌作用的研究.中国生态农业学报,16(3):664-668]
Pareek S,Yahia EM,Pareek OP,Kaushik RA.2011.Postharvest physiology and technology of Annona fruits.Food Research International,44(7):1741-1751
Qi DM,Hui M,Liang QM,Niu TG.2005.Postharvest biological control of blue mold and black spot on apple-pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)fruit by Bacillus subtilis H110.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,11(2):171-174(in Chinese)[齐东梅,惠明,梁启美,牛天贵.2005.枯草芽孢杆菌H110对苹果梨采后青霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果.应用与环境生物学报,11(2):171-174]
Shao X,Tu K,Tu S,Su J,Zhao Y.2010.Effects of heat treatment on wound healing in Gala and Red Fuji apple fruits.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,58(7):4303-4309
Shi YL,Zhou HL,Tang YP,He JH,Ma LJ.2018.Induced resistance of postharvest apples to Botrytis cinerea induced by salicylic acid treatment.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),46(2):84-91,103(in Chinese)[石亚莉,周会玲,唐永萍,贺军花,马利菁.2018.水杨酸诱导苹果采后灰霉病抗性研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),46(2):84-91,103]
Wang CX,Chen XL,Li BH.2014.Effects of Valsa mali var.mali infection on defense enzymes activity and MDA content in apple callus.Plant Physiology Journal,50(7):909-916(in Chinese)[王彩霞,陈晓林,李保华.2014.腐烂病菌侵染对苹果愈伤组织防御酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响.植物生理学报,50(7):909-916]
Wang CX,El-Shetehy M,Shine MB,Yu KS,Navarre D,Wendehenne D,Kachroo A,Kachro P.2014.Free radicals mediate systemic acquired resistance.Cell Reports,7(2):348-355
Wang CX,Zhang QM,Li GF,Dong XL,Li BH.2012.Identification of the antagonistic bacteria BJ1 and its antifungal activity against Valsa ceratosperma.Journal of Plant Protection,39(5):431-437(in Chinese)[王彩霞,张清明,李桂舫,董向丽,李保华.2012.苹果树腐烂病拮抗细菌菌株BJ1的鉴定及其抑菌作用.植物保护学报,39(5):431-437]
Yong DJ,Wang CX,Li GF,Li BH.2014.Control efficiency of endophytic actinomycetes A-1 against apple fruit ring rot and its influence on the activity of defense-related enzymes.Journal of Plant Protection,41(3):335-341(in Chinese)[雍道敬,王彩霞,李桂舫,李保华.2014.内生放线菌A-1对苹果果实轮纹病的防效及防御性酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,41(3):335-341]
Yuan ZY,Zhou HL,Tian R,Zhang XX,Pan YX.2014.Effects and mechanism of Aloe vera extracts on control of Botrytis in postharvest apples.Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering,30(4):255-263(in Chinese)[袁仲玉,周会玲,田蓉,张晓晓,潘钰雪.2014.芦荟粗提物对苹果采后灰霉病的防治效果与机理.农业工程学报,30(4):255-263]
Zhang QM,Wang CX,Yong DJ,Li GF,Dong XL,Li BH.2014.Induction of resistance mediated by an attenuated strain of Valsa mali var.mali using pathogen-apple callus interaction system.The Scientific World Journal,2014:201382
Zhang QM,Yong DJ,Zhang Y,Shi XP,Li BH,Li GF,Liang WX,Wang CX.2016.Streptomyces rochei A-1 induces resistance and defense-related responses against Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple fruit during storage.Postharvest Biology and Technology,115:30-37
Zhang XX,Zhou HL,Tian R,Zhou XW,Fan S.2015.Effects and mechanism of UV-C treatments on control of Botrytis cinerea in postharvest apples.Food Science,36(2):242-249(in Chinese)[张晓晓,周会玲,田蓉,周晓婉,樊胜.2015.短波紫外线照射对苹果采后灰霉病抗性诱导作用.食品科学,36(2):242-249]
Zhang ZL,Xu C,Wu JW,Sun HQ,Shen LX,Wang WS.2017.The test of antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene in plastic sports cup by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.Chemical World,58(5):300-305(in Chinese)[张智力,许超,武吉伟,孙洪强,申丽霞,王微山.2017.气相色谱-质谱联用法测定塑料运动杯中抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚.化学世界,58(5):300-305]
Zhu XM,Shi XP,Yong DJ,Zhang Y,Li BH,Liang WX,Wang CX.2015.Induction of resistance against Glomerella cingulata in apple by endophytic actinomycetes strain A-1.Plant Physiology Journal,51(6):949-954(in Chinese)[朱学明,史祥鹏,雍道敬,张颖,李保华,梁文星,王彩霞.2015.内生放线菌A-1诱导苹果对炭疽叶枯病的抗性.植物生理学报,51(6):949-954]
Cao JJ,Yu ZC,Zhang Y,Li BH,Liang WX,Wang CX.2017.Control efficiency of exogenous melatonin against postharvest apple grey mold and its influence on the activity of defensive enzymes.Plant Physiology Journal,53(9):1753-1760(in Chinese)[曹晶晶,于子超,张颖,李保华,梁文星,王彩霞.2017.外源褪黑素对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性的影响.植物生理学报,53(9):1753-1760]
Guan YQ,Chen HB,Zhang BJ,Han JC,Liu HP.2011.Study on the inhibition effect of BHT on six kinds of plant pathogenic fungi.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),31(1):47-49(in Chinese)[关晔晴,陈红兵,张宝俊,韩巨才,刘慧平.2011.BHT对6种植物病原真菌抑制作用的研究.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):47-49]
Kuk YI,Shin JS,Burgos NR,Hwang TE,Han O,Cho BH,Jung S,Guh JO.2003.Antioxidative enzymes offer protection from chilling damage in rice plants.Crop Science,43(6):2109-2117
Li CL,Yu J,Liu ZH.2009.Influence of antioxidants on antioxidation performance of Gualouzi oil.Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,24(7):98-100,106(in Chinese)[李赤翎,俞建,刘仲华.2009.抗氧化剂对瓜蒌子油抗氧化性能的影响研究.中国粮油学报,24(7):98-100,106]
Liu L,Meng CY,Li P,Li L,Wang YJ,Yin F.2015.Effect of zinc on the ATP enzyme,MAO activity and T-AOC content of rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis,19(1):10-13(in Chinese)[刘磊,孟春阳,李鹏,李雷,王永杰,尹飞.2015.锌对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤大鼠ATP酶、MAO活性和T-AOC含量影响的研究.中国实验诊断学,19(1):10-13]
Liu LW,Liu LY,Hu TL,Wang YN,Wang ST,Cao KQ.2016.Biocontrol effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SS101 against apple replant disease.Journal of Plant Protection,43(5):812-818(in Chinese)[刘力伟,刘丽媛,胡同乐,王亚南,王树桐,曹克强.2016.荧光假单胞菌SS101对苹果再植病害的生防效果.植物保护学报,43(5):812-818]
Ma L,Han JC,Liu HP.2008.Fungicidal action of active metabolites of endophytic actinomycetes Lj20 from Cpsicum spp.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,16(3):664-668(in Chinese)[马林,韩巨才,刘慧平.2008.辣椒内生放线菌Lj20活性代谢物抑菌作用的研究.中国生态农业学报,16(3):664-668]
Pareek S,Yahia EM,Pareek OP,Kaushik RA.2011.Postharvest physiology and technology of Annona fruits.Food Research International,44(7):1741-1751
Qi DM,Hui M,Liang QM,Niu TG.2005.Postharvest biological control of blue mold and black spot on apple-pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)fruit by Bacillus subtilis H110.Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,11(2):171-174(in Chinese)[齐东梅,惠明,梁启美,牛天贵.2005.枯草芽孢杆菌H110对苹果梨采后青霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果.应用与环境生物学报,11(2):171-174]
Shao X,Tu K,Tu S,Su J,Zhao Y.2010.Effects of heat treatment on wound healing in Gala and Red Fuji apple fruits.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,58(7):4303-4309
Shi YL,Zhou HL,Tang YP,He JH,Ma LJ.2018.Induced resistance of postharvest apples to Botrytis cinerea induced by salicylic acid treatment.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),46(2):84-91,103(in Chinese)[石亚莉,周会玲,唐永萍,贺军花,马利菁.2018.水杨酸诱导苹果采后灰霉病抗性研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),46(2):84-91,103]
Wang CX,Chen XL,Li BH.2014.Effects of Valsa mali var.mali infection on defense enzymes activity and MDA content in apple callus.Plant Physiology Journal,50(7):909-916(in Chinese)[王彩霞,陈晓林,李保华.2014.腐烂病菌侵染对苹果愈伤组织防御酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响.植物生理学报,50(7):909-916]
Wang CX,El-Shetehy M,Shine MB,Yu KS,Navarre D,Wendehenne D,Kachroo A,Kachro P.2014.Free radicals mediate systemic acquired resistance.Cell Reports,7(2):348-355
Wang CX,Zhang QM,Li GF,Dong XL,Li BH.2012.Identification of the antagonistic bacteria BJ1 and its antifungal activity against Valsa ceratosperma.Journal of Plant Protection,39(5):431-437(in Chinese)[王彩霞,张清明,李桂舫,董向丽,李保华.2012.苹果树腐烂病拮抗细菌菌株BJ1的鉴定及其抑菌作用.植物保护学报,39(5):431-437]
Yong DJ,Wang CX,Li GF,Li BH.2014.Control efficiency of endophytic actinomycetes A-1 against apple fruit ring rot and its influence on the activity of defense-related enzymes.Journal of Plant Protection,41(3):335-341(in Chinese)[雍道敬,王彩霞,李桂舫,李保华.2014.内生放线菌A-1对苹果果实轮纹病的防效及防御性酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,41(3):335-341]
Yuan ZY,Zhou HL,Tian R,Zhang XX,Pan YX.2014.Effects and mechanism of Aloe vera extracts on control of Botrytis in postharvest apples.Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering,30(4):255-263(in Chinese)[袁仲玉,周会玲,田蓉,张晓晓,潘钰雪.2014.芦荟粗提物对苹果采后灰霉病的防治效果与机理.农业工程学报,30(4):255-263]
Zhang QM,Wang CX,Yong DJ,Li GF,Dong XL,Li BH.2014.Induction of resistance mediated by an attenuated strain of Valsa mali var.mali using pathogen-apple callus interaction system.The Scientific World Journal,2014:201382
Zhang QM,Yong DJ,Zhang Y,Shi XP,Li BH,Li GF,Liang WX,Wang CX.2016.Streptomyces rochei A-1 induces resistance and defense-related responses against Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple fruit during storage.Postharvest Biology and Technology,115:30-37
Zhang XX,Zhou HL,Tian R,Zhou XW,Fan S.2015.Effects and mechanism of UV-C treatments on control of Botrytis cinerea in postharvest apples.Food Science,36(2):242-249(in Chinese)[张晓晓,周会玲,田蓉,周晓婉,樊胜.2015.短波紫外线照射对苹果采后灰霉病抗性诱导作用.食品科学,36(2):242-249]
Zhang ZL,Xu C,Wu JW,Sun HQ,Shen LX,Wang WS.2017.The test of antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene in plastic sports cup by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.Chemical World,58(5):300-305(in Chinese)[张智力,许超,武吉伟,孙洪强,申丽霞,王微山.2017.气相色谱-质谱联用法测定塑料运动杯中抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚.化学世界,58(5):300-305]
Zhu XM,Shi XP,Yong DJ,Zhang Y,Li BH,Liang WX,Wang CX.2015.Induction of resistance against Glomerella cingulata in apple by endophytic actinomycetes strain A-1.Plant Physiology Journal,51(6):949-954(in Chinese)[朱学明,史祥鹏,雍道敬,张颖,李保华,梁文星,王彩霞.2015.内生放线菌A-1诱导苹果对炭疽叶枯病的抗性.植物生理学报,51(6):949-954]