基于同步函数的栅格地理数据变换域盲水印算法
|
摘要
提出一种适合于栅格地理数据版权保护的变换域盲水印算法。在分析栅格地理数据及其水印特征的基础上,引入数学映射思想,依据分块数据经傅立叶变换后的首个系数构建数据-水印同步函数,在水印信息与分块数据之间建立起稳健的具有双向定位性质的对应关系;采用量化思想设计水印嵌入规则,并在同步函数的指导下,将对应的水印信息嵌入分块数据中频分量系数的相位和幅值,在水印嵌入过程中建立了水印误差控制机制,以满足栅格地理数据精度要求。实验结果表明,所提出的算法既具有较好的不可感知性,又能有效保证栅格地理数据质量,尤为重要的是,算法对常规攻击、几何攻击及一定程度的复合攻击等具有好的鲁棒性,适用于栅格地理数据的版权保护。
A blind watermarking algorithm in transform domain is proposed to protect the copyright of raster geographic data.Firstly,the characteristics of raster geographic data and effects on watermarking algorithm are analyzed.Then,the mathematical technique of mapping is introduced to build synchronization function.According to the first coefficient of blocking data which has transformed by discrete Fourier transform,the synchronization function is built to establish a stable bidirectional connection between watermark information and blocking data.Finally,on base of the synchronous function,watermarking information is embedded into the intermediate frequency coefficients of blocking data by the way of quantitative mechanism.In the process of embedding watermark,the data error caused by embedding is controlled by the established mechanism of watermark error control to satisfy the precision characteristics of raster geographic data.Experiments on the proposed watermarking algorithm are performed in invisibility,error statistics,robustness comparison between the proposed algorithm and previous productions.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is not only robust against common attacks and complex attacks such as cropping processing,cutting,zoom,rotation etc,but also effective in guaranteeing the requirement of data accuracy for raster geographic data.Therefore,with a strong feasibility and significance in practical applications,the proposed algorithm can be applied to protecting the copyright of raster geographic data.
A blind watermarking algorithm in transform domain is proposed to protect the copyright of raster geographic data.Firstly,the characteristics of raster geographic data and effects on watermarking algorithm are analyzed.Then,the mathematical technique of mapping is introduced to build synchronization function.According to the first coefficient of blocking data which has transformed by discrete Fourier transform,the synchronization function is built to establish a stable bidirectional connection between watermark information and blocking data.Finally,on base of the synchronous function,watermarking information is embedded into the intermediate frequency coefficients of blocking data by the way of quantitative mechanism.In the process of embedding watermark,the data error caused by embedding is controlled by the established mechanism of watermark error control to satisfy the precision characteristics of raster geographic data.Experiments on the proposed watermarking algorithm are performed in invisibility,error statistics,robustness comparison between the proposed algorithm and previous productions.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is not only robust against common attacks and complex attacks such as cropping processing,cutting,zoom,rotation etc,but also effective in guaranteeing the requirement of data accuracy for raster geographic data.Therefore,with a strong feasibility and significance in practical applications,the proposed algorithm can be applied to protecting the copyright of raster geographic data.
引文
[1]孙圣和,陆哲明,牛夏牧.数字水印技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.10-14.
[2]杨义先,钮心忻.数字水印理论和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.20-21.
[3]佟德宇,朱长青,任娜.一种不依赖主键的地理数据库水印算法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(5):86-89.
[4]王勋,朱夏君,鲍虎军.一种互补的数字栅格地图水印算法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(6):1056-1059.
[5]朱长青,符浩军,杨成松,等.基于整数小波变换的数字栅格地图数字水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(5):619-621.
[6]王志伟,朱长青,王奇胜.一种基于HVS和DFT的栅格地图自适应数字水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(3):351-354.
[7]符浩军,朱长青,缪剑,等.基于小波变换的数字栅格地图复合式水印算法[J].测绘学报,2011,3(40):397-400.
[8]闵连权,喻其宏.基于离散余弦变换的数字地图水印算法[J].计算机应用与软件,2007,24(1):146-148.
[9]朱静静,曾平,谢琨.针对栅格地图的快速鲁棒盲水印算法[J].计算机工程,2008,4(1):167-169.
[10]孙新,徐登洋,曹智.基于视觉邻域的电子地图数字水印鲁棒性评价模型[J].测绘通报,2010,4(5):62-65.
[11]耿迅,龚志辉,张春美.基于HVS和整数小波变换的遥感图像水印算法[J].测绘通报,2007,8:20-23.
[12]朱长青,任娜.一种基于伪随机序列和DCT的遥感影像水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(12):1427-1427.
[13]王向阳,杨红颖,邬俊.基于内容的离散余弦变换域自适应遥感图像数字水印算法[J].测绘学报,2005,34(4):324-330.
[14]陈辉,郭科,郑文峰.数字水印技术应用于遥感图像版权保护的评测标准研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(5):436-441.
[15]李丽丽,孙劲光.基于DFT和水印分割的遥感影像数字水印方案[J].计算机系统应用,2011,20(9):204-207.
[16]李丽丽,孙劲光.基于Contourlet变换的遥感影像数字水印方案[J].计算机应用与软件,2012,29(2):60-64.
[17]陈晨,何建农.DFT域数字水印算法在遥感图像中的应用[J].计算机与现代化,2008,11:77-79.
[18]范承啸,符浩军.一种精度可控的栅格地理数据数字水印算法[J].地理空间信息,2014,12(2):18-20.
[19]任娜,朱长青,王志伟.基于映射机制的遥感影像盲水印算法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(5):623-627.
[20]任娜,朱长青,王志伟.抗几何变换的高分辨率遥感影像半盲水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(3):327-332.
[21]任娜,朱长青,佟德宇.改进的基于遥感影像线性亮度调整的水印检测算法[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2014,25(3):65-69.
[22]符浩军,朱长青,李永练,等.抗几何变换的二值栅格地图盲水印算法[J].测绘科学技术学报,2013,30(1):91-94.
[2]杨义先,钮心忻.数字水印理论和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.20-21.
[3]佟德宇,朱长青,任娜.一种不依赖主键的地理数据库水印算法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(5):86-89.
[4]王勋,朱夏君,鲍虎军.一种互补的数字栅格地图水印算法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(6):1056-1059.
[5]朱长青,符浩军,杨成松,等.基于整数小波变换的数字栅格地图数字水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(5):619-621.
[6]王志伟,朱长青,王奇胜.一种基于HVS和DFT的栅格地图自适应数字水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(3):351-354.
[7]符浩军,朱长青,缪剑,等.基于小波变换的数字栅格地图复合式水印算法[J].测绘学报,2011,3(40):397-400.
[8]闵连权,喻其宏.基于离散余弦变换的数字地图水印算法[J].计算机应用与软件,2007,24(1):146-148.
[9]朱静静,曾平,谢琨.针对栅格地图的快速鲁棒盲水印算法[J].计算机工程,2008,4(1):167-169.
[10]孙新,徐登洋,曹智.基于视觉邻域的电子地图数字水印鲁棒性评价模型[J].测绘通报,2010,4(5):62-65.
[11]耿迅,龚志辉,张春美.基于HVS和整数小波变换的遥感图像水印算法[J].测绘通报,2007,8:20-23.
[12]朱长青,任娜.一种基于伪随机序列和DCT的遥感影像水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(12):1427-1427.
[13]王向阳,杨红颖,邬俊.基于内容的离散余弦变换域自适应遥感图像数字水印算法[J].测绘学报,2005,34(4):324-330.
[14]陈辉,郭科,郑文峰.数字水印技术应用于遥感图像版权保护的评测标准研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(5):436-441.
[15]李丽丽,孙劲光.基于DFT和水印分割的遥感影像数字水印方案[J].计算机系统应用,2011,20(9):204-207.
[16]李丽丽,孙劲光.基于Contourlet变换的遥感影像数字水印方案[J].计算机应用与软件,2012,29(2):60-64.
[17]陈晨,何建农.DFT域数字水印算法在遥感图像中的应用[J].计算机与现代化,2008,11:77-79.
[18]范承啸,符浩军.一种精度可控的栅格地理数据数字水印算法[J].地理空间信息,2014,12(2):18-20.
[19]任娜,朱长青,王志伟.基于映射机制的遥感影像盲水印算法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(5):623-627.
[20]任娜,朱长青,王志伟.抗几何变换的高分辨率遥感影像半盲水印算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(3):327-332.
[21]任娜,朱长青,佟德宇.改进的基于遥感影像线性亮度调整的水印检测算法[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2014,25(3):65-69.
[22]符浩军,朱长青,李永练,等.抗几何变换的二值栅格地图盲水印算法[J].测绘科学技术学报,2013,30(1):91-94.