稀土微肥氯化镨调控马铃薯生长发育及抗旱的生理机制
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摘要
为提高马铃薯抗旱性,选择增施适量的稀土微肥氯化镨水溶液,旨在探究氯化镨增强马铃薯抗旱性的生理机制。本试验以马铃薯品种"大西洋"为材料,以土壤质量含水量的32%～35%(Water-CK)、23%～25%(Water-1)和15%～18%(Water-2)为3个水分梯度,分别浇灌0、30、60、90、120 mg·L~(-1)和150 mg·L~(-1) PrCl_3水溶液,测定了苗期叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标及成熟期株高、茎粗等生长指标。结果表明:随土壤质量含水量的减少,马铃薯幼苗叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸、MDA含量、相对电导率及SOD、POD和CAT活性显著上升,Water-2处理下,上述各指标较Water-CK分别升高了33.81%、101.12%、136.28%、46.11%、145.37%、59.84%和63.13%;马铃薯成熟期株高、茎粗、地上及地下部分干重、地上分枝数、单株薯重显著降低,Water-2处理下,上述各指标较Water-CK分别降低了3.91%、12.36%、30.17%、38.05%、30.00%和36.40%。在Water-2处理下,当PrCl_3浓度为90 mg·L~(-1)时,马铃薯叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量分别较未增施PrCl_3水溶液提高了162.35%、59.59%、154.45%,MDA含量、O■产生速率及相对电导率分别降低了67.70%、25.29%、37.70%,抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性提高了38.35%、28.08%、66.00%,成熟期马铃薯株高、茎粗、地上及地下部分干重、地上分枝数、单株薯重分别增加了67.87%、21.68%、32.81%、49.05%、187.50%和63.91%。干旱胁迫下增施适量稀土微肥氯化镨可提高幼苗植株细胞内渗透调节物质含量,增强抗氧化酶活性,减少自由基的积累,缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗生长发育造成的损伤,提高植株生产力,增强抗旱性。
In order to improve the drought resistance of potato and study the effects of rare-earth fertilizer PrCl_3 on growth and physiological characters of potato under drought stress, the experiment used potato variety "Daxiyang" as material and 0,30,60,90,120 mg·L~(-1) and 150 mg·L~(-1) of PrCl_3 solutions to treat the potato seedlings under 32%～35%(Water-CK),23%～25%(Water-1), and 15%～18%(Water-2)of different soil water contents. Some physiological and growth indexes were determined, including soluble sugar, proline, MDA contents, O■ production rate, relative conductivity, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, proline, MDA, relative conductivity and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of potato seedlings enhanced with decreased soil water contents. Compared with Water-CK,under Water-2 treatments,soluble sugar, proline, MDA, relative conductivity, SOD, POD, and CAT increased by 33.81%,101.12%,136.28%,46.11%,145.37%,59.84% and 63.13%, respectively; plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground biomass, aboveground branches, and potato weight per plant decreased by 3.91%,12.36%,30.17%,38.05%,30.00% and 36.40%, respectively. In parallel with growth, 90 mg·L~(-1) PrCl_3 application rate resulted in increase inchlorophyll, soluble sugar and proline contents by 162.35%, 59.59% and 154.45% in drought-stressed plants, respectively. The MDA contents, O■ production rate, and relative conductivity decreased by 67.70%, 25.29%, and 37.70%, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD, POD, CAT) under drought stress were increased by 38.35%,28.08% and 66.00%. In maturity period, the plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight, branches, and potato weight per plant increased by 67.87%,21.68%,32.81%,49.05%,187.50% and 63.91%, respectively.The results indicated that exogenous Pr~(3+) is useful to improve the drought resistance of potato seedlings, which is most likely related to the increase in osmotic adjustment substance and antioxidant capacity, reduction in free radicals accumulation.
In order to improve the drought resistance of potato and study the effects of rare-earth fertilizer PrCl_3 on growth and physiological characters of potato under drought stress, the experiment used potato variety "Daxiyang" as material and 0,30,60,90,120 mg·L~(-1) and 150 mg·L~(-1) of PrCl_3 solutions to treat the potato seedlings under 32%～35%(Water-CK),23%～25%(Water-1), and 15%～18%(Water-2)of different soil water contents. Some physiological and growth indexes were determined, including soluble sugar, proline, MDA contents, O■ production rate, relative conductivity, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, proline, MDA, relative conductivity and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of potato seedlings enhanced with decreased soil water contents. Compared with Water-CK,under Water-2 treatments,soluble sugar, proline, MDA, relative conductivity, SOD, POD, and CAT increased by 33.81%,101.12%,136.28%,46.11%,145.37%,59.84% and 63.13%, respectively; plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground biomass, aboveground branches, and potato weight per plant decreased by 3.91%,12.36%,30.17%,38.05%,30.00% and 36.40%, respectively. In parallel with growth, 90 mg·L~(-1) PrCl_3 application rate resulted in increase inchlorophyll, soluble sugar and proline contents by 162.35%, 59.59% and 154.45% in drought-stressed plants, respectively. The MDA contents, O■ production rate, and relative conductivity decreased by 67.70%, 25.29%, and 37.70%, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD, POD, CAT) under drought stress were increased by 38.35%,28.08% and 66.00%. In maturity period, the plant height, stem diameter, aboveground and underground dry weight, branches, and potato weight per plant increased by 67.87%,21.68%,32.81%,49.05%,187.50% and 63.91%, respectively.The results indicated that exogenous Pr~(3+) is useful to improve the drought resistance of potato seedlings, which is most likely related to the increase in osmotic adjustment substance and antioxidant capacity, reduction in free radicals accumulation.
引文
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[21] 张晓晓,慕德宇,李红丽,等.NaCl胁迫对不同无性系白榆生理生化特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):188-192.
[22] 张莉.作物抗旱原理概论[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2012:78-79.
[23] 刘海波,魏玉清,周维松,等.NaCl胁迫对萌发期甜高粱和春小麦生理生化特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):106-111.
[24] 陈宝悦,曹玲,王艳芳,等.NaCl胁迫对芹菜生长、生理生化特性及品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(S1):218-222.
[25] 胡义,胡庭兴,陈洪,等.干旱胁迫及复水对香樟幼树生理特性及生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(2):0294-0301.
[26] 刘超.稀土元素的理化特性与光合作用的关系及其作用机制[D].苏州:苏州大学,2010.
[27] 周国强,何俊瑜,任艳芳,等.硝酸镨对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发的缓解效应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(3):112-116.
[28] 何淑平,靳亚忠,王鹏.硅对干旱胁迫下四棱豆幼苗生物量和生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):263-266,298.
[29] 赵春桥,陈敏,侯新村,等.干旱胁迫对柳枝稷生长与生理特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(3):126-130.
[30] 杨祁峰.稀土肥料对马铃薯增产效果的对比试验[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(6):354-356.
[2] Sheokand S,Kumari A,Sawheny V.Effect of nitric oxide and putrescine on antioxidative responses under NaCl stress in chickpea plants[J].Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants,2008,14(4):355-362.
[3] 谢开云,屈冬玉,金黎平,等.中国马铃薯生产与世界先进国家比较[J].世界农业,2008,(5):35-38,41.
[4] Schapendonk A H C M,Spritters C J T,Groot P J.Effects of water stress on photo synthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of five potato cultivars[J].Potato Research,1989,32(1):17-32.
[5] 曹利华,董诚明,张艳贞,等.稀土元素对冬凌草再生植株生长的影响[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(12):1006-1009.
[6] 何俊瑜,任艳芳,任明见,等.镨对镉胁迫下小麦种子萌发的缓解效应[J].中国稀土学报,2010,28(1):97-103.
[7] 唐加红.稀土和NO对干旱胁迫下小麦抗氧化酶系统的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[8] 周荷益,陶宗娅,吴国,等.镧(La3+)对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗活性氧代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(10):90-95.
[9] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:169-184.
[10] 王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系[J].植物生理学通讯,1990,26(2):55-57.
[11] Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.Purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59(2):315-318.
[12] Shi J,Fu X Z,Peng T,et al.Spermine pretreatment confers dehydration tolerance of citrus in vitro plants via modulation of antioxidative capacity and stomatal response[J].Tree Physiology,2010,30(7):914-922.
[13] Aebi H.Catalase in vitro[J].Methods in Enzymology,1984,105(3):121-126.
[14] 龚秋,王欣,后猛,等.干旱胁迫对不同品系紫甘薯光合特性及干物质积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):111-116.
[15] 古丽江·许库尔汗,阿依古丽·铁木尔,孙雅丽,等.不同蓝靛忍冬品种对干旱胁迫的光合生理响应比较分析[J].核农学报,2015,29(9):1833-1843.
[16] 高茜,李毅,苏世平,等.盐胁迫对红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种子吸胀过程中生理特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):83-87.
[17] 马琳.NaCl胁迫对牧草种子萌发与幼苗生理生化的影响及耐盐性评价[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[18] 马楠,刘建华,雷江丽.4种观花地被植物对PEG模拟干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性评价[J].亚热带植物科学,2015,44(3):193-198.
[19] 任艳芳,何俊瑜,周国强,等.稀土镨对镉胁迫下水稻根系生长及生理特性的缓解效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(5):519-523.
[20] 张怀山,赵桂琴,栗孟飞,等.中型狼尾草幼苗对PEG、低温和盐胁迫的生理应答[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):180-188.
[21] 张晓晓,慕德宇,李红丽,等.NaCl胁迫对不同无性系白榆生理生化特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):188-192.
[22] 张莉.作物抗旱原理概论[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2012:78-79.
[23] 刘海波,魏玉清,周维松,等.NaCl胁迫对萌发期甜高粱和春小麦生理生化特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):106-111.
[24] 陈宝悦,曹玲,王艳芳,等.NaCl胁迫对芹菜生长、生理生化特性及品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(S1):218-222.
[25] 胡义,胡庭兴,陈洪,等.干旱胁迫及复水对香樟幼树生理特性及生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(2):0294-0301.
[26] 刘超.稀土元素的理化特性与光合作用的关系及其作用机制[D].苏州:苏州大学,2010.
[27] 周国强,何俊瑜,任艳芳,等.硝酸镨对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发的缓解效应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(3):112-116.
[28] 何淑平,靳亚忠,王鹏.硅对干旱胁迫下四棱豆幼苗生物量和生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):263-266,298.
[29] 赵春桥,陈敏,侯新村,等.干旱胁迫对柳枝稷生长与生理特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(3):126-130.
[30] 杨祁峰.稀土肥料对马铃薯增产效果的对比试验[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(6):354-356.