摘要
伴随我国经济社会的快速发展,资源与环境制约的矛盾日益突出。电力工业作为基础性的能源产业应该树立科学发展观,加快实施节能发电调度,对提高电力工业能源使用效率,节约能源,减少环境污染,促进能源和电力结构调整,确保电力系统安全、高效运行,实现电力工业的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。节能发电调度办法的制定源于可持续科学发展观,节能发电调度给四川水电的发展带来新契机并应当进一步发挥梯级优化调度的作用。同时,节能发电调度也存在着一些问题有待完善。本论文主要内容包括以下几个方面：
介绍了节能发电调度的基本原则、机组发电排序表和实施流程,节能发电调度实施将优化电力工业结构和布局,从各省的试点情况来看,节能发电调度试点成效显著。分析了节能发电调度与梯级水电站调度二者的关系,以四川电网与周边电网存在着互补性为例说明了应当加强区域资源的优化配置,并且需要加快特高压电网建设。分析了在节能发电调度实施中如何实施“三公”调度以确保电网安全稳定。
分析了节能发电调度下的发电权交易和配套机制的形成,提出将发电权交易和梯级优化调度补偿机制相结合,重新定义了梯级优化调度效益、梯级优化调度净效益,并给出其分配顺序。同时,研究并提出了梯级优化调度补偿机制的制定准则。通过对比“竞耗上网”和“竞价上网”制度,分析了节能发电调度与电力市场机制的协调问题。构建了考虑能耗、价格、环保、补偿、安全等多种因素的梯级竞价多目标优化模型,同时给出基于满意优化理论的求解方法。
考虑到随着水力资源的不断开发,电网结构日益复杂,水电关系必将越来越密切,本论文就梯级水电站的优化调度问题,立足于电网稳定安全,提出了先电网优化再梯级电站(水库)调度优化的调度方式。文中引入“多Agent系统”概念,将各个水电站看作一个个独立且相关联的个体,在保证地区电网或更大电力系统安全稳定运行的前提下,探讨如何分配梯级电站的上网出力,合理优化利用水力资源。通过四川南充电网梯级水电站优化调度实例验证了这一方案对实际电网的运行调度有着重要的意义。鉴于流域梯级电站群实施节能优化调度后,会引发一系列的电网安全稳定问题,本论文针对南充北部电网的运行特点,采用PSASP仿真系统对其进行电网稳定性分析,设计了一套电网安全稳定控制系统。提出了解决该类型电网稳定控制系统的结构、实现方式、原理和判据,保证了电网的安全稳定运行
目前采用的调度模式是电网直接调度到各发电站甚至机组,与梯级调度的要求不符合,鉴于此提出构建梯级优化调度联合运行机构,并探讨了其组建方式和组成。针对当前流域多家业主“松散”的商议模式提出建立梯级优化调度联合运行群体决策支持系统。作为实施梯级优化调度的保障之一,还提出应进一步加强水情预报理论技术研究和建立水情实时监控机制。
分析了梯级优化调度管理信息系统的组成和层次,提出结构化与原型法相结合的开发方法。重点分析了OOCHS-MIS的计算机系统、数据处理技术、数据库技术和网络技术,最后总结了OOCHS-MIS的系统特点。
With China's rapid economic and social development, resource and environmental constraints become increasingly prominent. As the basis of the energy industry, the electric power industry should establish the scientific concept of development, accelerate the implementation of energy-saving generation dispatching, which has an important strategic significance in raising energy efficiency and energy conservation, reducing environmental pollution, promoting energy and electricity restructuring, ensuring safe and efficient operation to power system, achieving the sustainable development of the electric power industry. The development of energy-saving generation dispatching approach generates from sustainable scientific development concept. It brings new opportunities to the Sichuan hydropower development and should further play the role of the optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations. At the same time, there are still some problems to be improved. This paper mainly includes the following aspects:
The basic principles, generating unit sorting table and implementation processes of energy-saving generation dispatching are introduced. The implementation of energy-saving generation dispatching will optimize the electric power industry structure and layout. The implementation of energy-saving generation dispatching will optimize the electric power industry structure and layout. Judging from the pilot provinces, the experiments of energy-saving generation dispatching have remarkable results. The relationship between energy-saving generation dispatching and cascade hydropower stations dispatching is analyzed. The complementarities that exist between Sichuan power grid and around should be strengthened as an example to show that it should strengthen the optimal allocation of regional resources and construct extra high voltage network. In order to ensure grid security and stability, how to implement the 3-principl in energy-saving generation dispatching is analyzed.
Based on the analysis of the formation of generation right exchange and matching mechanism, generation right exchange and the compensation mechanism of the optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations should be combined. Redefining the benefit and net benefit of optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations, the order of distribution is given. At the same time, the guidelines of compensation mechanism is studied and developed. By comparing the king consumption on-line and the bidding system, coordination of energy-saving generation dispatching and power market mechanism is analyzed. Considering energy consumption, prices, environmental protection, compensation, safety and other factors, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model of cascade hydropower stations dispatching is established and the solution method based on satisfactory optimization theory is given.
With the continuous development of water resources, power structures become increasingly complex, relations between water and electricity will become closer and closer. Based on the grid stability and security, the optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations is studied in this paper. A mode which first optimizes the power network and then optimizes the reservoir operation is proposed. All hydropower are considered as an independent and associated individual by introducing the "Multi-Agent System" concept. Ensuring regional grid or more safe and stable operation, this paper explores how to allocate access and contribution of cascade hydropower stations and to rational optimize water resources. Optimal operation example of cascade hydropower stations in Sichuan Nanchong grid shows that this program has important significance on the real grids dispatching and operation. Because a series of network security and stability issues could be triggered after the implementation of cascade power plants of energy-saving optimal operation, a set of network security and stability control system has been designed. Aim at the operational features of Nanchong northern grid, PSASP simulation system is used to analyze the stability of power grid in this paper.
Current model directly dispatch power to various power stations or units, which does not meet the requirements of cascade dispatching. In view of this, it is necessary to construct a joint operating body structure of optimal operation of Cascade Hydropower Stations. Ways of its formation and composition has been explored in this paper. Because of the current slack negotiation model with a number of owners, group decision support system for joint operation of optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations has been proposed. As one of the protection to implement the optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations, research on hydrological forecasting theory and technology and real-time monitoring mechanism should be further strengthened.
The composition and level of management information system on optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations is analyzed. At the same time, the combination of structured and prototype development method is proposed. The focus of this part is on computer system, data processing technology, database technology, network technology of OOCHS-MIS, with the characteristics of OOCHS-MIS system summarized.
引文
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