摘要
对大多数纸种来讲，施胶操作是造纸湿部一道十分重要的工序。传统的施胶方法是利用皂化松香胶和硫酸铝在pH值为4～5的条件下进行的，即所谓的酸性施胶。酸性施胶所使用的硫酸铝可加速纤维素的分解、导致纸张质量劣化、耐久性差。据报道，书籍纸85-90％的劣化是由于纸内含酸造成的，酸性纸的耐折度每7年下降50％。但这只是酸性施胶造纸缺陷的一方面，无法使白水循环使用、不能用廉价的碳酸钙作填料代替日益短缺的木材纤维、腐蚀设备、污染环境等等都是酸性施胶无法克服的。
中性施胶和中性造纸是上世纪中期提出的，它是指在整个造纸工艺过程中将pH值调节控制在7.0或更高一些。与酸性施胶相比，中性施胶不仅能改善纸浆的抄造性能、湿部环境以及纸张质量，而且能有效地减轻环境污染、降低能耗、采用廉价的CaCO_3作填料、大量使用二次纤维等。
中性施胶剂虽然经历了AKD(烷基烯酮二聚体)、ASA(烯基琥珀酸酐)、聚异氰酸酯等，但就生产成本和使用性能而言，分散松香胶都有无与伦比的优势。多年来造纸工作者不断改进松香胶、助留剂及施胶工艺以期使分散松香胶能满足在中性乃至碱性条件下施胶。
本实验研制了一种新型阴离子分散松香中性施胶剂，其制备工艺简单，配合使用PAC作松香沉淀剂，阳离子淀粉作助留剂，取得了在酸性至微碱性(pH值小于8)的范围内的理想施胶效果。本文还研究了松香胶熬制以及施胶操作过程中各因素对松香胶质量、施胶效果和施胶后纸张性能的影响。具体实验结果如下：
1．高分子乳化剂的制备工艺条件和效果：高分子乳化剂的制备用苯不饱和衍生物、丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐作单体，采用自由基引发乳液聚合方法。苯不饱和衍生物用量为25％，引发剂用量为0.8％(相对于单体总量)，加水量为1.5倍单体量，在80℃聚合反应3h，得到产品质量较好，乳化力为60s。
2．低分子表面活性剂的制备和效果：因为高分子乳化剂降低表面张力能力不明显，本实验又制备了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐两种低分子表面活性剂，其乳化力分别为120s、140s。
3．天然松香改性：制备了115型、105型两种马来松香，其酸值和软化点均高于天然松香，其中115型马来松香的酸值和软化点最高，采用它与天然松香配合熬制分散松香胶。
4．采用高温逆转法得到两种效果较好的分散松香胶料：一是10％自制高分子乳
民明理l一大学硕士研究生学位论文
摘要
化剂和3%壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐配合熬制的95“胶，另一种是3%脂肪醇聚氧乙
烯醚硫酸盐和5%壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐配合熬制的101“胶。95“胶的游离松香酸
含量与固含量均高于101“胶，机械稳定性、热稳定性及外观也都优于101“胶。
5.施胶实验:95”胶在pH值从酸性至碱性范围内施胶效果都优于101“胶，尤其
重要的是，在pH值为7一8的弱碱性范围内，95“胶施胶效果仍很理想(施胶度为
20一305)。
6.95“胶的最佳施条件为:胶用量1%、队C 0.8%、阳离子淀粉0.6%、CaCO315%
(都是相对绝干浆的量)、pH=7、压榨压力为0.SMPa、干燥温度为85一90℃、顺向
施胶。
7.试验该施胶系统中的两种最主要组分—胶料和队C用量对纸张物理性能的
影响:纸张的各项物理性能都随松香胶用量的增加而下降，而PAC则使纸张的各项
物理性能有所改善。
Sizing is an important process for most kinds of paper. The conventional method of sizing used soaped rosin and aluminum sulfate at acid condition , pH 4 to 5, which is so called acid sizing. The aluminum sulfate accelerates the decomposition of the cellulose and decreaces the quality and durability of paper .It is reported that 85 to 90 percent of decomposition of book paper is due to the acid matter in the paper and the folding endurance of such paper decreases 50 percent per seven years. Much more important is that such sizing method has more drawbacks such as can t use recycled white water, can t use CaCO3 as filler instead of part of wood fiber, it also corrodes machine and pollutes environment badly.
The neutral sizing or neutral papermaking is put forward in 1950s , which means papermaking's pH value in the whole process is kept at 7 or higher. Compared with the acid sizing , neutral sizing can not only improve the performance of papermaking and wet end environment, improve the quality of paper, but also decrease the pollution to the environment, use the cheaper CaCO3 as filler, employ secondary fiber in great amount, etc..
Although AKD and ASA , etc., can be used as neutral size ,in terms of production cost and performance, dispersed rosin size has supreme advantage. For many years, papermakers have been working hard in modifying rosin size, precipitating agent and sizing process so that sizing can be practiced under neutral or weakly basic condition.
In this experiment, a new kind of rosin size is developed, presenting no difficulty in preparing, with PAC as precipitating agent and SB as retention agent, the effect of the size is good under acid and weakly basic condition (pH less than 8). In this experiment, the preparation of rosin size and the effect of each component on the effect of sizing are studied. The results of experiments detail as follows:
1.The preparation of highmolecular emulsifying agent: the monomers used are unsaturated Benzene derivative, acrylester and a,p-unsaturated dibasic acids, unsaturated Benzene derivative 25%, initiator 0.8% (for the amount of monomers), water is 1.5 times of monomers , the temperature 80 C and reaction time 3h, the force of emulsifying agent gotten is 60s.
2.The preparation of lowmolecular surfactant : the aliphatic alcohol poly(oxy
ethylene ether) sulfate and nonyl hydroxybenzene poly(oxyethylene eher) sulfate are prepared with the force of emulsifying 120s and 140s respectively.
3.Two kinds of modified rosin, 115-type and 105-type, are prepared. The acid value and softening point of modified rosin is higher than natural rosin, with the 115-type' s the highest, so it is used to prepare rosin size.
4. Using high-temperature-antiphase method, two kinds of rosin size are prepared. 95# size is made by using 10% highmloecular emulsifying agent and 3% nonyl hydroxybenzene poly (oxyethylene ether) sulfate and 101" size by using 3% aliphatic alcohol poly(oxy ethylene ether) sulfate and 5% nonyl hydroxybenzene poly(oxyethylene ether ) sulfate. The content of free rosin acid and solid in is higher than 101 "size, the former also has good mechanical and heat stability.
5.The results of sizing test: the degree of sizing of 95# size is higher than that of 101# size from acid to basic condition. Much more important is that the 95# size also has good sizing effect at pH 7-8 .
6.The effect of additives and conditions of process are tested.The best sizing effect are gotten under the following conditions: size 1%, PAC 0.8%, SB 0.6%, CaCO3 15% (for the amount of absolutely dry pulp), 7 pH value, the press O.SMPa, the drying temperature 85-90C, direct sizing.
7. The effect of the two important components, size and PAC, on the physical property of paper is tested. The physical property of paper decreases with the increase of size, while PAC acts otherwise.
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