摘要
写作是对各种语言知识的一种综合体现,能全面反映学生的语言水平。随着我国对英语教学的逐步重视,英语写作教学也开始引起语言研究者和英语教师的重视。英汉两种语言属于两个不同的语系,在诸如形态、句法、文化等方面存在显著差异,国内外研究者的研究结果充分表明学习者在写作时会受到母语负迁移的影响。
本文回顾了错误分析理论、对比分析理论、母语迁移理论和中介语理论,以吉林省某中学高一学生的120份作文为样本,分析了出现错误的原因和语言范畴。调查发现作文中出现的大多数文本错误同母语负迁移有关,语内错误同语际错误之间的界限并不明显,很多语内错误是由母语负迁移的间接影响而产生的。产生错误的原因除了过度概括等因素外,学生的语际错误和语内错误共计1168处,其中由母语负迁移直接和间接导致的错误占总错误的60%,表明母语负迁移是导致高中生英语写作的最主要的错误来源。本文在英汉对比的基础上对这些错误进行了详细的分析。
最后,本文得出的结论有:由于高一学生处于英语学习的初级阶段,而且是在汉语的语言环境中学习英语,缺少足够的语言输入,母语必然会对学生的写作产生干扰。因此,本文建议教师应该正确地对待这种错误,并可以通过有效的写作教学方法帮助学生逐渐克服母语干扰,逐步形成正确的英语写作习惯,从而提高书面表达的能力。
Writing which is a combination of almost every aspect of language knowledge can fully reflect students’language level. As nowadays English teaching has attracted considerable attention in China, English language researchers and English teachers have also attached importance to the teaching of English writing. English and Chinese belong to two different language families, and great differences exist in various aspects such as morphology, syntax, culture, etc. The research results obtained at home and abroad show that mother tongue negative transfer exists in the process of writing.
Theories of error analysis, contrastive analysis, mother tongue transfer and inter-language are illustrated in the first part. Then text errors are analyzed in linguistic categories and error sources based on 120 compositions are selected from Grade 1 students in a certain senior high school of Jilin Province. It is found that many intra-lingual errors are caused by mother tongue negative transfer; no clear division between errors traceable to mother tongue negative transfer and those that are independent of mother tongue negative transfer; many intra-lingual errors are caused by mother tongue negative transfer indirectly. Except the errors caused by overgeneralization, etc., there are 1168 errors found in inter-lingual errors and intra-lingual errors. The errors directly and indirectly caused by mother tongue negative transfer constitute 60%, which shows that mother tongue negative transfer is the most important source of errors in senior high school students’writing. Errors caused by mother tongue negative transfer are analyzed through contrastive analysis between English and Chinese in detail.
In the last part, a final conclusion is reached that senior high school students, who are in the beginners’stage of English study, are short of adequate English inputs in the Chinese language environment, so they are prone to the mother tongue negative transfer in their English writing. Therefore, it is suggested in this paper that by means of proper teaching methods teachers should have a proper attitude toward the errors and should effectively help students eliminate their mother tongue negative transfer and form a proper habit of writing and finally improve their writing ability.
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