摘要
高速公路是道路交通的重要组成部分,由于其全封闭、全立交、机动车分向分道行驶等特点,使得高速公路大大提高了行车速度、缩短了运输时间,而且能够最大限度的排除机动车之间的干扰和冲突,减少了交通事故的发生。高速公路成为创造国家和社会经济效益的重要基础设施。因此,如何维护和保养高速公路基础设施、如何科学合理的规划高速公路基础设施建设、如何在灾害等自然条件下高速公路遭到破坏时得以迅速的恢复高速公路网络的能效等方面成为迫切需要解决的问题。
本课题是以辽宁省高速公路为例,通过在地学领域运用比较广泛的网络脆弱性研究方法——FIM模型(Flow Interdiction Model网络流量阻断模型),运用于研究高速公路网络领域,并尝试给出灾害情况下的应急措施方案,其主要进行的研究有以下几个方面：
1.对FIM模型进行转化,使其转化后的模型更适合研究多影响因素的高速公路网络问题；
2.利用实地调查的部分车流量数据和人口、工业产值数据,应用无约束重力模型方法,推导出网络中所有OD路径上的车流量及城市之间工业吸引值；
3.在FIM模型的实现上,应用ArcGIS软件对研究网络中各个节点、边定义属性,并且具有对研究结果可视化的作用；应用Java编程语言以最短路径算法——Dijkstra方法为核心,枚举研究网络中所有OD路径；应用Lingo最优化求解软件对枚举出的OD路径集合进行求最优运算,得到一条边或多条边的组合,该边及边的组合即为对整体网络功效影响最大的线路或线路组合；
4.通过FIM模型求得的结果,结合辽宁省实际情况,提出灾害情况下应急和抢修的措施,以实现恢复整体网络的最大功效。
Highway is an important component of transport facility, which could increase running speed of automobile, shorten travel time, eliminate interference between motor vehicle, it could reduce the number of accidents due to its characteristics of full enclose, interchange, and separation of travel directions. Furthermore, freeway has become one of important infrastructures which could help to benefit economy and social developments. Therefore, how to maintain freeway facilities, construct freeway with scientific and reasonable methods, and rapidly restore highway network under natural disaster, are deemed to be critical.
The paper chooses the care study of freeway in Liaoning, P.R.C, and provides emergency response countermeasures under natural disaster by adopting Flow Interdiction Model (which is a network method widely utilized in the field of geosciences). The research as followed.
1. Transform FIM in order to fit the study on the freeway network problems with multiple influential factors.
2. Deduce vehicle flow on OD path in the research network by utilizing traffic volume data obtained from field investigation and unconstrained gravity model.
3. ArcGIS software defines nodes and edges'attributes in the network. In the meantime, the visualization of the study results are realized by ArcGIS software. Java enumerates all the feasible OD path by using the Shortest Path Algorithm. Lingo obtains the optimal solution, according to the feasible OD path. Its generation results are one edge or combination of edges.
Provide emergency response plan and propose remedial approaches to achieve effects of full restoration of the freeway network by means of FIM model.
引文
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