摘要
本文结合国内外现有研究成果,对我国汽车零部件产业如何提高竞争力进行了分析,在此基础上对当代汽车零部件的发展特征和中国汽车零部件的产业现状以及汽车零部件产业竞争力要素进行了论述,构建了汽车零部件产业评价指标体系及评价模型,并对中国汽车零部件产业竞争力进行了比较分析。
本文首先从对竞争力内涵和定义的讨论、按照经济学和管理学基础论述了关于竞争力定义和理论来源的历史演进,形成了一个竞争力来源的分析框架。从汽车零部件产业的研究现状出发,选择以产业层面的竞争力作为重点来研究,明确了产业竞争力研究的对象和理论框架,利用产业竞争力过程的研究方法对我国汽车零部件产业进行了多层次的研究,探寻我国提高汽车零部件产业竞争力过程中遇到的问题,并得出了一些基本结论。其次,从竞争实力、竞争潜力、竞争环境三个方面对我国汽车零部件产业如何提高竞争力进行了分析,并通过与欧美、日本等国家对比,阐述了在提高汽车零部件产业竞争力过程中,无论从产量、投资力度、技术水平、生产供应方式以及配套关系方面都远远落后于欧美国家,整个汽车零部件产业的综合竞争力明显弱于欧美国家,并指出我国汽车零部件产业政策的局限性;第三,本文探讨了跨国汽车零部件资本进入我国后所带来的变化,论证了外资进入对我国汽车零部件产业整体技术水平提升的拉动作用,阐述外资对我国汽车零部件产业提高竞争力的重要性;第四,本文以中国具有代表性的汽车大省为主要分析对象,通过建立评价指标体系和评价模型,分析汽车零部件产业提高竞争力的本质特征;第五,本文运用灰色关联理论,分析我国汽车零部件产业提高国际竞争力的内在特点,指出汽车零部件产业提高国际竞争力关键问题;第六,本文通过对区域的汽车零部件产业提高竞争力的分析,实证了这种评价方法对提高汽车零部件产业竞争力的评价作用。最后,本文结合中国汽车零部件产业的特点,对汽车零部件产业如何提高竞争力进行了探讨,并指明了解决问题的途径,提出了对策建议。
The issue of the competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry is always the key factor to restrict the development of our country’s automobile industry and automobile components and parts industry. With the prosperity of the domestic auto market and the increasing competition in the market, more and more vehicle manufacturers have taken it as an important means to enhance the competitive power of the manufacturers to improve the competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry. The automobile industry which is one of the pillar industries to drive our country’s economic development in current situation has a pulling function to the up-and-downstream industry. The growth rate of the automobile components and parts industry is faster than that in automobile industry as a upstream industry. Therefore, having a correct understanding and establishing the role of the automobile components and parts industry and implementing effective industry development strategies are of great significance for us to promote the development level of our country's automobile industry, enhance the competitive power of our country’s automobile industry, accelerate the development of our country’s automobile components and parts industry and drive the development of the whole national economy.
On the basic study of the domestic and overseas relevant literature, the article has made a systematic research and put forward its own viewpoint on the origin, the connotation , the nature, the characteristics, the elements, the cultivation and the promotion of the competitive power; investigated the globalization trend of the world automobile components and parts industry, analyzed the development status of China’s automobile components and parts industry and the features of the value chain in automobile industry; had some analysis and discussion from a different perspective on the trend of the international automobile industry chain transfer as well as the influence to China’s competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry after the entering of the multinational companies; has constructed the evaluation index system and evaluation model about China’s competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry, had an empirical comparison to the competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry from different regions and proposed the solving ways and countermeasures to promote China’s competitive power of the automobile components and parts industry.
In chapter 1, the research background and significance of the article were described, the domestic and overseas research results on industrial competitive power were reviewed, the research contents, methods, ideas, emphasis and difficulty and the research line of the article have been established .
In chapter 2, the article focused on a comprehensive generalization of the concept to enterprises' competitive power, industrial competitive power and international competitive power; summarized and combined the related theories which took the basic theory of Industrial competitive power, theoretical origin of Industrial competitive power and the theory of manufacturing industry as the main line; established a whole analytical framework through the study to the related theories, combination with history and reality of China's manufacturing industry, drawing lessons from analytical framework on industrial competitive power which has already been made by domestic and foreign scholars.
In chapter 3, the article mainly discussed the cooperative relationship between the complete vehicle enterprise and component enterprise and the development trend of the international automobile components and parts industry, reviewed the development process of China’s automobile components and parts industry, had a whole analysis on China’s automobile components and parts industry. Seeing from the cooperative relationship changes between the complete vehicle enterprise and component enterprise, it has been a trend that the component enterprise will operate independent from the complete vehicle enterprise. Seeing from the development trend of the international automobile components and parts industry, it has exhibited the trends of modularization, systematization, electronization and digitalization as well as the trend of the formation of purchasing system for auto components and parts in the global range, and so on. Seeing from the whole analysis of China’s automobile components and parts industry, it has shown early five signs of scale effect of industrial clusters, speeding up the pace of conformity and reorganization, rapidly promoting of its international competitive power, tending to high-tech products and continuing to strengthen foreign investment.
In chapter 4, the article expounded the analysis method to the competitive power, carried out a detailed analysis on the competitive power's different manifestation in different aspects which took enterprises' competitive power, industrial competitive power and international competitive power as the breakthrough point and used different analytical methods. Through the traditional theory analysis, combined with the development of China’s automobile components and parts industry, the article synthetically described the internal and external environment of the competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry; analyzed the mutual influence and interaction among the five competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry; explored the various elements which could affect the international competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry and analyzed the influence factors to China’s automobile components and parts industry. Theoretical analysis and data show that cross-border capital into the auto parts business has promoted the product quality and has upgraded the product structure, speed up the technological progress in industry and accelerate the industrial structure upgrading, improve competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry.
In chapter 5, the article has epurated all evaluation indices which affect the industrial competitive power by taking the industrial competitive power as the research object, established the evaluation indices system of the industrial competitive power which is consist of target layer, system layer, sub system layer and index layer on the basis of the evaluation methods to the industrial competitive power from domestic and overseas by using the existing evaluation indices to industrial competitive power for reference and combining with the actual situation and characteristics of the automobile components and parts industry. IN view of the industrial relevancy and by taking grey correlation theory in use, the article has constructed the evaluation model for the international industrial competitive power and analyzed the industrial competitive power for the same industry from different countries ,which has provided the research methods for evaluating the competitive power of the domestic automobile components and parts industry in different areas and the international competitive power of China's automobile industry.
In chapter 6, the article has established the whole evaluation system of the competitive power of China's automobile components and parts industry from the aspects of the choice of the research object, the establishment of the index system and the explanation of the index, and so on. The article has constructed two kinds of evaluation models about the domestic and overseas industry competitive power; had an empirical analysis on the domestic and international competitive power to China's automobile components and parts industry by using the different evaluation models and taking the same index system.
In chapter 7, the article has analyzed the existing problems in China's automobile components and parts industry, pointed out the way for enhancing the competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry and put forward the countermeasures to enhance the competitive power of China's automobile components and parts industry to the existing problems. Analysis shows that China's automobile components and parts industry is in a weak level of technology; the size of the enterprise and the industrial structure are irrational; investment in research and development is inadequate; the degree of the standardization, serialization and generalization of the product is still a little low; the trend of marginalization of the automobile components and parts enterprises is significant, and so on. In order to improve the competitive power of China’s automobile components and parts industry, the states must construct an international supply base for the automobile components and parts, master the core technologies and have the combination of independent innovation, raise the level of specialization and scale, integrate resources and perfect management. To the exsiting problems in automobile components and parts industry, the article put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to build a fair and orderly competition mechanism, speed up the integration of the automobile components and parts industry, establish the strategic partnership between the complete vehicle enterprise and component enterprise, adjust the structure of the products and industry.
引文
1注释:根据迈克尔·波特(2002,中译本)第三章图3-1改编.
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