摘要
生物模本的优选和生物功能原理的模拟是工程仿生学的关键。本文以多元耦合生物模本及多元耦合仿生原理为基础,将可拓学理论与多元耦合原理相结合,重点对多元耦合仿生可拓方法体系进行了探索。主要研究内容如下:多元耦合可拓建模。将可拓学的基元理论、共轭分析理论与多元耦合仿生原理相结合,形成了对多元耦合仿生进行定性、定量分析的有效工具;运用此工具,以多元耦合的生物模本及其耦合规律为基础,建立多元耦合的耦元可拓模型、耦联方式可拓模型、多元耦合仿生可拓模型;通过建模解析生物耦合功能形成机理;结合蜣螂进行了实例分析。
耦元分析。定义了耦元贡献度的概念,对可拓层次分析方法进行改进,建立了试验优化层次分析方法;构造了多元耦合层次结构模型,依据已有试验数据和结论计算出荷叶多元耦合形态、结构、材料耦元的贡献度分别为0.5278,0.3326,0.1396。此方法可以进一步对耦元的特性进行分析。
应用多元耦合可拓模型和已有的仿生知识,探寻工程仿生中矛盾问题的解决方法。为从生物模本的系统研究中获取工程仿生的方案,本文还运用可拓变换理论,对工程仿生矛盾问题进行了界定,建立了多元耦合仿生矛盾问题的可拓模型;依据矛盾问题运算与变换规则,建立了矛盾问题的拓展模型;利用多元耦合可拓模型和已有仿生知识进行可拓变换,寻求多元耦合仿生可拓策略。
多元耦合仿生效能评价。定义了多元耦合仿生效能;根据多元耦合仿生特点对常用评价方法进行辨析,确定选用多指标综合评价方法;从多元耦合仿生功能因素、经济效益因素和质量因素等三方面分析选取评价指标,建立了评价指标体系,并基于功效系数法建立效能评价模型;以典型仿生部件--仿生犁壁为例进行了上述方法的评价验证,结果表明,仿生犁壁比普通犁壁效能提高30.5%。
“Biological prototype---the key to the new technology.”Millions of years of evolution has optimized the formation, configuration and structure of living creatures, and has contributed to the magical function and performance, which stimulated the living creatures to form a system with the best adaptability and a high degree of coordination towards the living environment. Various special functions and features presented in biology have provided the rich models for modern high-tech innovation. Bionic engineering will explore the ways and means by imitating living creatures and applying them to engineering technology by means of studying the formation mechanism of special functions and features of them. Bionic multi-factor coupling is the engineering application of bionics. Comparing with the bionic unit, bionic multi-factor coupling is closer to the biological prototype and can realize the functional requirements of the bionic design more effectively, and can even solve the insolvable problems in the bionic unit. To establish a new bionic philosophy, it is required more effective research tools and methods to analyze the formation mechanism of the biological coupling. Under this background, the paper will combine the extensive theory with the multi-factor coupling principle and carry out the research with the extensive research on the bionic multi-factor coupling and its effectiveness evaluation as the theme, which aims to make contribution to the extension and innovation of research methods of the bionic multi-factor coupling.
This paper conducts an extensive analysis towards the contradictions of the biological model, formation mechanism of the multi-factor coupling and the bionic multi-factor coupling, establishes the method for effectiveness evaluation of the bionic multi-factor coupling, and explores a set of effective research methodological system for the bionic multi-factor coupling. The main research contents and results are as follows:
The elementary theory and the theory of conjugate analysis with the bionic multi-factor coupling principle were combined, and then an effective method for qualitative and quantitative analyses were formed. The biological model for experimental observation was optimized. The soft and the hard conjuate analysis or potential and siganificant conjuate analysis by means of multi-factor coupling extension analysis tools were conducted. The extensive model of the biological model was establised, and then the qualitative and the quantitative analysis methods for the biological model were formed. Lotus leaves was chosen as the biological model to test the method, and the results showed that this method could analyze the biological model systematically and comprehensively, make the qualitative and the quantitative description on it, which could lay a foundation for the follow-up study and further computer storage and processing.
An analysis on the formation mechanism of the biological coupling through the multi-factor coupling extensive analysis tools was conducted. The coupling elements of the biological coupling were determined, and the attribute, characteristic index and quantity domain of each coupling element were analyzed. The extensive model of the coupling elements was establised. catalogue the complex relations between coupling elements in terms of the connection way and compactness, relative position in space and perpetual relation were sorted, and the extensive model for the coupled response way was establised. Starting from the biological function and the coupling principle of coupling plus coupled response way and combining the environmental factor of the multi-coupling, the extensive analysis on the biological multi-coupling was conducted, the extensive model for the bionic multi-coupling was constructed. A pattern which may realize the biological function was seeked, and was proved effective.
From conducting the above-mentioned extensive analysis on optimizing biological models to finally establishing the extensive model for the biological bionic multi-factor coupling, a set of the effective extensive analysis and the modeling method for bionic multi-factor coupling by means of the multi-factor coupling extensive analysis tools and by combining the principle of the biological coupling was formed. The dung beetles’“bulldozing plate”on the head and claws was selected as the biological model, and observed through experimental instruments. The extensive analysis on the biological model was conducted first, and the extensive model of the“bulldozing plate”on the head and the claws was established. The coupling elements of biological coupling as configuration coupling elements, formation coupling elements and material coupling elements were determined further, and the extensive models for all the coupling elements were established. The inner and outreach relations was analyzed, and the extensive model of the coupled response way was established. Starting from the desorption and visbreaking function of the dung beetles and the principle for the biological coupling of coupling elements plus coupled response way, the extensive model of the bionic multi-factor coupling to discover the relations between the multi-factor coupling and the desorption and visbreaking function of the dung beetles and the wet and sticky soil environment was established, and the formation mechanism of the dung beetles’biological coupling was analyzed. The result of the above extensive analysis and extensive modeling showed that the extensive analysis method for the multi-factor coupling can discover the relation between the multi-coupling and the biological function and environmental elements effectively, and analyze the mechanism by which coupling elements of the biological model with formation, structure and material function at different levels in the mutual coupling was analyzed. And thus the key problem of the biological model optimization and bionic modeling in the bionic multi-factor coupling were solved.
The function of the biological multi-factor coupling is generated by the contribution at different levels of each coupling element, and the degree which the coupling elements contribute towards the multi-factor function defined as the coupling contribution degree. The main content of the coupling analysis was defined, and the common methods for the coupling analysis were reviewed. The coupling analysis on the dung beetles by presenting the method of analyzing the coupling elements by means of extensive hierarchy-process analysis was conducted, and the result was as follows. As to the multi-factor coupling system of the dung beetles’desorption and visbreaking function, the respective contribution degrees of the formation, configuration and material coupling elements are 0.66, 0.306, and 0.034. The formation elements are the main ones, the configuration elements are the secondary ones, and the material elements are the common ones. As to the strong subjective problem existing in the extensive hierarchy-process analysis method, the optimization experiment and the hierarchy-process analysis was improved and combined. The experiment program in terms of the analysis content was set, and the hierarchy-process analysis method of the optimization experiment for the coupling analysis by taking the experiment data as the evaluation standard was established. Lotus leaves were chosen as an example to verity the method, and the results showed that the self-cleaning contribution degrees of the formation elements, structure elements and material elements towards the lotus leaves were 0.5278,0.3326,0.1396, respectively. The formation elements are the main ones, and the structure elements are the secondary ones. The hierarchy-process analysis method of the optimization experiment can also be used to analyze the importance of coupling element features towards coupling elements which shall help to obtain the contribution degree of the coupling elements towards the coupling elements and the multi-factor coupling function so as to realize the analysis on the coupling element features. What should be pointed out is that owing to the biological complexity, it cannot be convinced that the result of the coupling elements comparison can be completely detected by the experiment, as to the data which are impossible or difficult to test. It is allowed that the hierarchy-process analysis method of the optimization experiment can take the existed bionic knowledge or expert experience as the judgment basis for the coupling element comparison.
The extensive model of the multi-coupling to the engineering technology was applied to obtain the solutions of the engineering and technological problems. Firstly, the definition methods for the contradictions of the bionic multi-factor coupling was presented, and then the extensive model for the contradictions was established. Secondly, the database storing the established extensive model of the multi-factor coupling and the existed bionic knowledge was established, which was taken them as the knowledge of extensive transformation. Thirdly, the extensive analysis on the needs of engineering technology and the contradictions of bionic multi-factor coupling forming divergent trees and implicit trees was conducted, and the secondary matter-element model at the divergence layer of bionic items describing the basic information and features of the items was established. The conjugate analysis on the products to be modified was conducted, and its extensive hierarchical model was established. The multi-factor coupling model was extended, and the hierarchical model was established. At last, the bionic multi-factor coupling strategy by means of the formal and quantitative methods so as to solve the contradictions in the multi-factor coupling was fostered, the generation methods and steps for the extensive strategy of the bionic multi-factor coupling was presented. The bionic plow was analyzed comprehensively, and the bionic strategy of the plow multi-factor coupling was formed.
The concept of bionic multi-factor coupling effectiveness was put forward by targeting on the problem of the multi-factor coupling effectiveness, borrowing the effectiveness of military weapons and the current concepts related to the effectiveness and combining the characteristics of the bionic multi-coupling. Three evaluation models of the bionic effectiveness were established, and a general framework of the evaluation models of the bionic effectiveness was established by taking the traditional evaluation method as the theoretical basis. According to the principle of the multi-index comprehensive evaluation index construction, the influencing factors of the multi-factor coupling effectiveness were analyzed, and then the principle of evaluation system construction of the multi-factor coupling effectiveness was established. According to the evaluation principle, further analysis on the influencing factors of the multi-factor coupling effectiveness was conducted, and then the performance evaluation index system was established. The data acquisition channels of the evaluation index: expert data, measured data and testing (stimulation) data were determined. According to the characteristics and demand of the bionic multi-factor effectiveness evaluation, the evaluation model was established by way of the efficacy coefficient method. The multi-data source data was integrated by way of model calculation, and then the results of the bionic multi-factor coupling effectiveness evaluation were achieved. A set of methods for the multi-coupling effectiveness evaluation was established, and the bionic effectiveness at different stages of the bionic multi-factor coupling was evaluated. The bionic plow was taken as an example to implement the bionic effectiveness evaluation of the bionic plow by way of conducting the field test, combining the expert data and carrying out the evaluation method for the bionic multi-factor coupling. The results showed that the bionic plow effectiveness had increased by 30.5% compared with the common plow which also proved that the evaluation method for the multi-factor coupling effectiveness was effective.
引文
[1] Lu Y X. Significance and progress of bionics [J]. Journal of Bionics Engineering, 2004, 1(1):1-3
[2] N.R. Bogatyrev. A“Living”Machine [J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering. 2004,1(2): 79-87
[3] Ren L Q, Progress in bionic study on anti-adhesion and resistance reduction of terrain machines[J].Science in China Series E: Technological sciences, 2009,52(2):1-12
[4]任露泉.地面机械脱附减阻仿生研究进展[J].中国科学E辑:科学技术学,2008,38(9):1353-1364
[5]李言,俊高阳.仿生技术及其应用[J].安阳工学院学报,2005,1:28-31
[6]任露泉,杨卓娟,韩志武.生物非光滑耐磨表面仿生应用研究展望[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(7):144-147
[7] Zhang Y, Zhou C H, Ren L Q. Biology coupling characteristics on soil-engaging components of mole crickets[J]. Journal of Bionics Engineering, 2008, 5: 164-171
[8] Paton R. Process, Structure and context in relation to integrative biology [J]. Biosystems,2002,64:63-72
[9]常丽霞,张欣.现代服饰与仿生学[J].国际纺织导报,2006(2):72-80.
[10] Chadha T S. Effects of partlal anti-G suit infiation on thoracic volume and breathing pattern[J] .Aviat Space EnvironMed, 1983, 544, 54(4):324.
[11] Wood E H. Development of anti-G suits and their limitations .Aviat Space Environ Med, 1987,587, 58(7):699.
[12]江山.潜艇破冰与军事仿生学[N].中国海洋报,2004-02-17.
[13] LI Zhihua, ZHANG Zhihua, WANG Shuzong. The Safety Measure for the Torpedo Decoy After Launching[C].2002 International Symposium on Safety Science and Technology,2002:1509-1515
[14]贾文川.多足步行机器人的仿生控制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006
[15]王金元.荷兰开发出机器雨燕[N].北京科技报,2008-03-17(12).
[16]赵金才.由航天技术的发展认识仿生科学的价值[J].中国科学基金,2006(2):90-93.
[17]杨群,张君.仿生建筑方兴未艾[J].特种结构,2008,25(4):111.
[18]沙莎.仿生学在桥梁建筑中的应用及前景展望[J].科技资讯,2007(27):83-84.
[19]于辉,谢守军.仿生学在现代桥梁建筑中的应用[J].山西建筑. 2008(34):327-328.
[20] Liang Dan. Application of bionics technology on the field of agriculture [J]. GUANGXI JOURNAL OF LIGHT INDUSTRY.2007, 108(11):11-12.
[21]洪筠,崔占荣,任露泉.仿生犁与普通犁作业综合经济效益的对比分析[J].农业机械学报.2006, 37(10):93-96.
[22]孙毅,仿生学研究的若干新进展[J],科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(11):143-144
[23]王人成,金德闻.仿生智能假肢的研究与进展[J].中国医疗器械信息,2009,15(1):3-5.
[24]刘贞妮.仿生“机器鱼”或可征服未来水世界[N].新华每日电讯(科技·健康.第7版)2008-6-13.
[25]王松,王田苗等.机器鱼辅助水下考古实验研究[J].机器人.2005, 27(3):147-151.
[26] Alan TA, Stangbae K, Cutkosky MR, William RP, Michele L. Scaling hard vertical surface with compliant microspine arrays [J].The International Journal of Robotics Research, 2006,25,25 (12):1165-1179 .
[27]王田苗,孟思,裴葆青,等.仿壁虎机器人研究综述[J].机器人, 2007, 29(3): 290-297.
[28]任露泉,佟金,李建桥.生物脱附与机械仿生—多学科交义新技术领域[J].中国机械工程,1999,(09):954-986
[29] Ren L Q,Tong J. Unsmooth cuticles of soil animals and their characteristics of reducing adhesion and resistance [J].Sciences Bulletin,1998,43:166-169.
[30]任露泉,丛茜,陈秉聪.几何非光滑典型生物体表防粘特性的研究[J].农业机械学报,1992,23(2):29-35
[31] Hong Zhou,Hongyu Shan,Jin Tong,Zhihui Zhang,Luquan Ren. The adhesion of bionic non-smooth characteristics on sample surface against parts [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,417:190-196
[32] Ren L Q, Tong J, Li J Q, et al. Soil adhesion and biomimetics of soil- engaging components: A review [J]. J Agr EngRes, 2001, 79(3): 239―263
[33]任露泉,陈德兴,胡建国.土壤动物减粘脱土规律初步分析[J].农业工程学报, 1990, 6(1): 15―20
[34]邓宝清,任露泉,苏岩.仿生鳞片式压力润滑活塞.中国,CN2653153[P].2004.
[35]任露泉,刘庆平,张桂兰,赵耀,邱小明,崔占荣,钱延春.仿生柔性镇压辊.中国,CN2619463[P].2004.
[36]李建桥,任露泉,刘朝宗,陈秉聪.减粘降阻仿生犁壁的研究[J].农业机械学报,1996,27(2):1-4
[37]孙友宏,任露泉,高科.仿生孕镶金刚石钻头及其制造方法,中国, CN1896451[P].2006.
[38]邓宝清,任露泉,苏岩,张永平,刘志敏.模拟活塞缸套摩擦副的仿生非光滑表面的摩擦学研究[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004, 1(1):79-84.
[39]韩志武,任露泉,杨卓娟,崔占荣,董立春,殷士琦.仿生非光滑耐磨齿轮.中国,CN2931945[P].2007.
[40]杨卓娟,任露泉,韩志武.仿生非光滑耐磨表面与激光毛化轧辊技术[C].中国农业机械学会成立40周年庆典暨2003年学术年会,2003:1101-1103
[41]邓宝清,任露泉,苏岩,张永平,刘志敏.模拟活塞缸套摩擦副的仿生非光滑表面的摩擦学研究[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004,1(1):79-84.
[42]韩志武,任露泉,杨卓娟,崔占荣,董立春,殷士琦.仿生非光滑耐磨齿轮.中国,CN2931945[P].2007.
[43]宋起飞,刘勇兵,周宏,孙娜,任露泉.激光制备仿生耦合制动毂的摩擦磨损性能[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007, 9(5):1069-1073.
[44]周美立.相似学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993
[45]周美立.相似系统论[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1994
[46]周美立.相似工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[47] Zhou Meili. Formation Principles of Similar System[J].Journal of Systems Sciences and Systems Engineering,1996,5(3):281-289
[48]文传源.相似理论的探索[J].系统仿真学报,1989 (1) : 214-217
[49]徐迪.相似理论与模型有效性初探[C].第二届全国仿真方法和建模学术会议论文集:111-115
[50]邱光绪.实用相似理论[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1988
[51]钱学森,于景元,戴汝为.一个科学的新领域——开放的复杂巨系统及其方法论[J].自然杂志.1990,13(1):3-10
[52]张际先,桑正中,高良润.土壤对固体的粘附和摩擦[J].农业机械学报, 1986, 17(1): 32―40
[53] Ren L Q, Deng S Q, Tian L M, et al. The forming mechanism and rules of tangent resistance on the interface between soil and moldboard[C]. In: Prec Joint Meeting 7th Asia-Pacific Conf ISTVS & 25th Ann Meeting Jpn SocTerramechanics. Changchun: ISTVS, 2004
[54] Salokhe V M, Gee-Clough D. Coating of cage wheel lugs to reduce soil adhesion [J]. J Agr Eng Res, 1988, 41(3):201―210
[55] Chancellor W J. Friction between soil and equipment materials [J]. ASAE, Paper, 1994, (94): 1034-1038
[56]任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001
[57] Zhang L, Ren L Q, Tong J, et al. Study of soil-solid adhesion by grey system theory [J]. Prog Nat Sci, 2004, 14(2):119-124
[58] Ren L Q, Zhang L, Tong J, et al. GA-based analysis of the factualness of soil-burrowing animal body surface [J]. Int Agr Eng J, 2001, 10 (1&2): 13-27
[59] Sun S Y, Ren L Q, Tong J, et al. A shovel bucket with steel-cloth pocket by bionics. In: Proc Third Asia-Pacific Conf ISTVS. Changchun: ISTVS, 1992
[60]蔡文.可拓集合和不相容问题[J].科学探索学报,1983:34-37.
[61]蔡文.物元模型及其应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2000
[62]蔡文.可拓论及其应用[J].科学通报,1999,44(7):673-682
[63] Wen CAI. Extension Management Engineering and Applications [J]. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 1999, 5 (1): 59-72
[64] CAI Wen, He Bin, Zhang Yingli and Yang Chunyan. Key Strategy and Coordination Problem [C]. 3rd International Conference on Management Science, 1998:345-349.
[65]赵才水,方耀楣.对土地收购储备的可拓分析[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,12(6):20-25.
[66]杨春燕,蔡文等.可拓工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2007
[67]杨春燕,张拥军.可拓策划[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[68]张立厚,聂永瑜,许一敏.知识管理中的可拓工程初探[J].广东工业大学学报2001 (1):76-79
[69]何斌,张应利.可拓学在人工智能中的应用初探[J].华南理工大学学报,1999,27 (6) :89-92
[70]刘汉龙.面向对象技术的可拓分析[J].广东工业大学学报,2001 (1): 21-23
[71]陈巨龙,丛林.策略生成的可拓方法[J].广东工业大学学报,2001 (1): 84-87
[72]王行愚,李健,胡深.可拓控制[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1995:166-172
[73]刘巍,高红,葛维燕等.信息物元的度量及可拓信息空间的化简[J].广东工业大学学报,2001,(1):6-10
[74]黎敬波,陈孝银.可拓学在中医研究中的用方法探讨[J].广东工业大学学报,2001 (1): 94-97
[75]赵燕伟,金方顺,王万良等.基于发散树思维方法的刀库概念设计[J].广东工业大学学报,2001,(1):11-16
[76]魏辉,余永权.可拓检测的物元模型及其实现[J].广东工业大学学报,2001. ( 1 ): 17-20
[77]蔡文.从物元分析到可拓学[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1995
[78]蔡文,杨春燕,王光华.一门新的交叉学科—可拓学[J].中国科学基金,2004,18(5):268-272
[79]杨春燕,蔡文等.可拓工程研究[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(12):90-96.
[80]杨春燕,张拥军,蔡文.可拓集合及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2002.Vol.32(2):301-308.
[81]何斌,张应利.可拓集合的分类性质和信息开发的可拓方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1999.Vol.19(7):63-68.
[82]旬志远,申建红.基于物元分析理论的建筑产品完损度评估[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(9):100-105.
[83] YangChunyan , WangGuanghua , LiYang , etal.Study on Knowledge Reasoning Based on Extended Formulas. International Conference on AIAI,NewYork,SPringer,2005:797-805.
[84]杜家纬.二十一世纪仿生学研究对我国高新技术产业的影响[C].第220次仿生学的科学意义与前沿香山科学会议资料,2003: 2-5.
[85]杜家纬.动植物功能性结构与分子仿生[J].科学中国人,2004, 4: 33-34
[86]杜家纬.从自然界中探寻之源[N].文汇报(科技文摘第497期), 2003-12-28
[87]杜家纬.仿生梦幻[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 2000
[88]程红,孙久荣,李建桥,任露泉.臭蜣螂体壁表面结构及其与减粘脱附功能的关系[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):175-181.
[89]杜家炜.生命科学与仿生学[J].生命科学.2004,5(16):320-323.
[90] Julian F V Vincent, Darrell L Mann. Systematic technology transferfrom biology to engineering [J]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 2002 (360) : 159 - 173.
[91]尚广瑞.铜-锌合金及不锈钢仿生耦合表面润湿性研究[D].长春:吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,2007
[92] Gu Zhongze, Hiroshi Uetsuka, Kazuyuki Takahashi, et al.Structural colorand the lotus effect[J]. Angewandte Chem IntEdition, 2003, 42(8): 894-900.
[93]杨晓东,任露泉.动物毛发的形态结构及其功能特性研究[J].农业工程学报, 2002, 2(18): 21-27.
[94]孙少明.风机气动噪声控制耦合仿生研究[D].长春:吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,2008
[95] Xuefeng Gao, Lei Jiang. Biophysics: Water-repellent legs of water striders[J]. Nature, 2004, 432:36.
[96]江雷.从自然到仿生的超疏水纳米界面材料[J].科技导报, 2005, 23(2): 4-8.
[97] Xingjian Feng, Lin Feng, Meihua Jin, Jin Zhai, Lei Jiang and Daoben Zhu. Reversible Super-hydrophobicity to Super-hydrophilicity Transition of Aligned ZnO Nanorod Films [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126:62-63.
[98]郑黎俊,乌学东,楼增,吴旦.表面微细结构制备超疏水表面[J].科学通报, 2004, 49(17):1961-1969.
[99]任露泉,尚广瑞,杨晓东.禽羽结构及羽表脂质对其润湿性能的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007, 36(2):213-218.
[100]房岩,孙刚,王同庆,丛茜,任露泉.蝴蝶翅膀表面非光滑形态疏水机理[J].科学通报,2007,52(3):354-357.
[101] Zhang Y, Zhou C H, Ren L Q. Biology coupling characteristics on soil-engaging components of mole crickets[J]. Journal of Bionics Engineering,2008,5:164-171.
[102] EdisonTL. Systems biology, integrative biology, Commentary Predictive Biology [J]. Cell,2005,121:505-506.
[103]高峰,黄河,任露泉.新疆岩蜥三元耦合耐冲蚀磨损特性及其仿生试验研究[J].吉林大学学报,2008,38(03):86-90.
[104]李立希,李嘉.可拓知识库系统及其应用[J].中国工程科学,2002,3(3):61-64.
[105]王行愚,李健.论可拓控制[J].控制论与应用,1994, 11﹙1﹚: 125-128.
[106]余永权.可拓检测技术[J].中国工程科学,2001, 3﹙4﹚: 88-94.
[107] Yongquan Yu, Ying Huang, Minghui Wang. The related Matter-elements in Extension Detecting and Applicaion[C].Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Information Technology and Applications(ICITA) ,2005, 1﹙7﹚: 411-418.
[108]赵燕伟.机械产品可拓概念设计研究[J].中国工程科学, 2001, 18(6): 68-71.
[109] Barthlott W, Neinbus C. Purity of the sacred louts, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces [J].Panta, 1997, 202:1-8.
[110] HALLAM N D·Growth and regeneration of waxes on the leaves of Eucalyptus [J].Planta, 1970, 93:257-268.
[111] Barthlatt W. Epicuticular wax ultrastrure, and systematics [A]. In: Behnke HD, Mabry T J (Eds) Evolution and systematics of the Caryopnyllales [M]. Springer, Berlin, 1993:75-86.
[112]王淑杰,任露泉,韩志武,等.植物叶表面非光滑形态及其疏水特性的研究[J].科技通报,2005 ,21 (5) :553-556.
[113]江雷.从自然到仿生:超疏水材料制备方法研究[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2003
[114] Feng L.,Li S.,Li Y.,Li H.,Zhang L.,Zhai J.,Song Y.,Liu B.,Jiang L.,Zhu D.SuPer-HydroPhobie Surfaees,From Natural to Artifieial [J]. Adv.Mater,2002,14:1857
[115]王淑杰,任露泉,韩志武,等.典型植物叶表面非光滑形态的疏水防黏效应.农业工程学报,2005,9:16-19
[116]佟金,孙霁宇,张书军,任露泉.神农蜣螂前胸背板表面形态分形及润湿性[J].农业机械学报,2002, 33(4):74-76.
[117]任露泉,佟金,李建桥,等.松软地面机械仿生理论与技术[J].农业机械学报, 2000, 31(1): 5―9
[118]任露泉,丛茜,佟金.界面粘附中非光滑表面基本特征的研究.农业工程学报1992, 8(1):16-22.
[119] C.Qian, R.Lquan, C.Bingcong, Y.Beizhan. Using Characteristics of Burrowing Animals to Reduce Soil-Tool Adhesion. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering.1992, 46(2):1549-1556.
[120] Tong J, Ren L, Chen B. Geometrical morphology Chemical constitution and wet ability of body surfaces of soil animals. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 1994, 3(1 and 2):59-68.
[121]邓石桥.仿生犁壁的减粘机理及其仿生设计[D].长春:吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,2004
[122] Ren Luquan,Tong Jin,Zhang Shujan,Chen Bingcong.Reducing Sliding Resistance of Soil against Bulldozing Plates by Unsmoothed Bionics Surfaces[J].Journal of Terramechanics,1995, 32(6):303-309
[123]邵基培.AHP方法综合评价信息系统[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,10:63-67.
[124]郑燕,王敬敏,郑绍欣.在项目后评价中运用层次分析法确定指标的权值[J].华北电力大学学报,2004, 2:34-37.
[125] Tanion.T.Fuzzy preference ordering in group decision making [J]. Fuzzysets and Systems,1984, 4:45-49.
[126]高洁,盛昭瀚.可拓层次分析法研究[J].系统工程, 2002, 20(5):6-11.
[127] Hallamnd. Growth and regeneration of waxes on the leaves of Eucalyptus [J]. Planta, 1970, 93: 257-268.
[128] W. Barthlott, C.Neinhuis, D.Boil. The lotus-effect: Non-adhesive biological and biomimetic technical surfaces [J]. Bionik2004, 2004: 211-214.
[129]王淑杰,任露泉,韩志武,等.植物叶表面非光滑形态及其疏水特性的研究[J].科技通报,2005 ,21 (5) :553-556.
[130]王淑杰,任露泉,韩志武,等.典型生物非光滑理论及其仿生应用[J].农机化研究,2005,1: 209-213.
[131] Yun Hong, Lu-quan Ren, Zhi-wu Han. The Multi-element Coupling Analysis of Typical Plant Leaves Based on Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) [J].Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Bionic Engineering,2008:47-53.
[132]韩志武,邱兆美,王淑杰等.植物表面非光滑形态与润湿关系[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2008,38(1):110-115.
[133]杨晓东,尚广瑞,李雨田等.植物叶表的润湿性能与其表面微观形貌的关系[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(3):91-95.
[134]王淑杰,任露泉,韩志武等.植物叶表面防粘特性的研究[J].农机化研究,2005,4:176-181
[135]尚广瑞,杨晓东,丛茜等.不锈钢微米级球冠形表面的润湿性能[J] .吉林大学学报(工学版), 2006 ,36 (5) : 719-722.
[136]李罗兰.可拓决策方法文献综述[J].问题探索,2008, 9:91-91.
[137]徐裕生,孙俊萍.可拓学与可拓决策[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,2002,30(5): 69-72.
[138]蔡文.可拓学概述[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998,(1):76-78.
[139]刘巍等.可拓信息的基本理论与方法研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,11: 125-131
[140] Cai Wen, YangChunyan, etal. New development of the theory of Extension [J]. Engineering Sciences,2004 2(1):40-45.
[141] Yang Chunyan,Zhang Yongjun,Zhu Dongmei. Study on extension strategy- tactics-Planning[J].Engineering Sciences,2004,2(2):38-43.
[142]李建桥.减粘降阻仿生犁壁的研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1993
[143]张际先.土壤对固体材料粘附和摩擦性能的研究[D].镇江∶江苏工学院,1985.
[144]朱恒福,谈黎虹,吴士澌.“彗星式通孔”减阻犁的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1992,23(4)∶20-24.
[145] Li J Q, Tong J, Ren L Q, et al. Applications of bionics non-smooth surface to reduce draft resistance against soil[c].In: Proc 14th Int Conf ISTVS, Vicksburg: ISTVS, 2002
[146] Ren L Q, Tong J, Zhang S J, et al. Reducing sliding resistance of soil against bulldozing plates by unsmoothed bionics surfaces [J]. J Terramechanics, 1995, 32(6): 303-309
[147] Ren L Q, Li J Q, Chen B C. Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics [J]. Chinese Sci Bull, 1995, 40(13):1076-1080
[148]任露泉,丛茜,吴连奎,方瑛.仿生非光滑推土板减粘降阻的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1997,28(2):1-5
[149]李明,刘澎等,武器装备发展系统论证方法与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2000,
[150]孟庆玉,张静远,宋保维,鱼雷作战效能分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[151]郭齐胜等.装备效能评估概论〔M〕.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[152]杨凤鸣,防空导弹武器系统作战效能分析[J].系统工程与电子技术,1991(6):24-28.
[153]魏继才,胡晓峰,武器系统效能建模方法研究与应用[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,6:20-24.
[154]万自明,廖良才,陈英武,武器系统效能评估模式研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,3:1-3.
[155]吴定、张润书、陈德禹、赖维尧.行政学[M].台北:国立空中大学出版社,2003
[156]侯定丕,王战军,非线性评估的理论探索与应用[M].安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001
[157]赵丽艳,顾基发,东西方评价方法论对比研究[J].管理科学学报,2000,3(1):87-93.
[158]胡永红,贺斯辉.综合评价方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[159]邱东.多指标综合评价方法的系统分析[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1991
[160]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[161]胡宝清.模糊理论基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004
[162]王国华,梁裸.决策理论与方法[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2003
[163]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法[M].南京:华中理工大学出版社,1987
[164]安景文,韩朝.等灰色聚类关联分析法在大气环境质量评价中的应用[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,12:23-26
[165]胡笙煌.主观指标评价的多层次灰色评价法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996,1:34-37
[166]何勇.灰色多层次综合评判模型及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,1993,7:56-58
[167]任露泉等.生物脱附与机械仿生——多学科交叉新技术领域[J].中国工程机械,1999,10(9):984-986.
[168]朱凤武等.土壤深松技术及高效节能仿生研究的发展[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2003,33(2):95-99.
[169] Gill W R, VandenBerg G E. Soil dynamics in tillage and traction. Agricultural Handbook [M]. Washington: Department of Agriculture, 1967
[170]孙一源,高行方,余登苑,等.农业土壤力学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1985
[171] Ren L Q, Wang Y P, Li J Q, et al. Flexible unsmoothed cuticles of soil animals and their characteristics of reducing adhesion and resistance[J]. Chinese Sci Bull, 1998, 43(2): 166-169
[172]任露泉,陈德兴,陈秉聪.土壤粘附研究概述[J].农业工程学报, 1990, 6(1): 1-7
[173] Ren L Q, Deng S Q, Tian L M, et al. The forming mechanism and rules of tangent resistance on the interface between soil and moldboard[C]. In: Prec Joint Meeting 7th Asia-Pacific Conf ISTVS & 25th Ann Meeting Jpn SocTerramechanics. Changchun: ISTVS, 2004
[174]陈济勤主编.农业机械运用学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:39-55.
[175]古兴荣.科学技术研究业经济学原理[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004
[176] Ren Luquan, Tong Jin, Chen Bingcong. Soil adhesion and biomimetics of soil-engaging components in anti-adhesion against soil: a review [J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,79(3):239-242
[177] Ren Luquan, Tong Jin, Chen Bingcong.Biotic nonsmoothess and its application [C].Proc of 6th APISTVS conference, 2001,December, Bangkok, Thailand:351
[178] Ren Luquan, Deng Shiqiao, Wang Jingchun . Design Principles of the Non-smooth Surface of Bionic Plow Moldboard [J]. Journal of Bionics Engineering.2004 ,1:9-19
[179]杨印生.经济系统定量分析方法[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001