摘要
本文选择“糯小麦早代鉴定及其主要淀粉性状的研究”为题目，试验研究的主要内容摘要如下：
1. 小麦推广品种与糯性系杂交后代糯小麦材料选择的研究
选用当前生产上推广的 “皖麦18号”、“皖麦33”和“杨麦158”等17个普通小麦品种为母本，安徽农业大学培育的小麦糯性系“安农糯小麦1号”为父本，配制17个杂交组合。在F2代群体中鉴定糯性变异材料，研究全糯质籽粒的出现频率。结果表明， 17个组合中，有12个组合的糯性籽粒的出现频率符合1/64的比例。说明在本试验中，近3/4组合的全糯质籽粒出现频率符合三对等位基因控制的性状F2代隐性纯合体出现的理论比例。
本研究结果进一步验证了普通小麦品种和糯性系杂交后代的遗传规律，为小麦推广品种和糯性系杂交后代糯性小麦材料鉴定，糯小麦品种（系）选育提供了参考依据。同时，通过本试验研究，筛选出17个糯小麦早代材料，并进行繁殖。因此，本研究为今后的糯小麦品种（系）选育奠定了物质基础。
2. 糯小麦若干农艺性状和品质性状的研究
以两个糯小麦和部分普通小麦品种（系）为试材，研究了糯小麦的冬春性、株高、穗长、结实率、千粒重等农艺性状，籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、灰分、湿面筋含量等品质性状。结果表明，与当前生产上使用的普通小麦推广品种相比较，参试的糯小麦品系在株高、穗长和千粒重等农艺性状上不符合要求，需要通过杂交和回交等方式进一步改良；与普通小麦相比，糯小麦的结实率、蛋白质含量、灰分、湿面筋含量变化不大。糯小麦的籽粒硬度的值较低，表现为软质。讨论了糯小麦在小麦品质改良和改善饼干、蛋糕、面条等食品品质中的利用等问题。
3. 糯小麦及部分普通小麦品种主要淀粉性状的研究
以两个糯小麦和部分普通小麦品种（系）为试材，研究了全麦粉的总淀粉含量、
直链淀粉绝对含量、直链淀粉相对含量及糊化温度、高峰粘度、低谷粘度、稀懈值、最后粘度、反弹值和峰值时间等7个粘度参数。结果表明，与普通小麦相比，糯小麦的总淀粉含量变化不大，直链淀粉绝对含量和直链淀粉相对含量表现极低的值，糊化温度、高峰粘度等7个粘度参数均表现较低或极低的值。本研究认为，糯小麦极低的直链淀粉含量和低的粘度仪参数可用于小麦品种淀粉性状改良。讨论了糯小麦在小麦品种淀粉品质改良中的利用等问题。
4. 小麦品种Waxy蛋白的电泳方法
本研究试图通过省去氯化铯的离心法提取小麦Waxy蛋白，利用1D-SDS-PAGE电泳方法将小麦Waxy蛋白的三个亚基(Waxy-A1,Waxy-B1和Waxy-D1亚基)区分开来，但实验结果不够理想，未能将 Waxy-B1和Waxy-D1两个亚基区分开来，所以本研究关于Waxy蛋白的电泳方法未能取得预期结果。但是,本研究的Waxy蛋白电泳方法可利用于鉴定Waxy蛋白亚基缺失类型小麦和糯小麦。
“Study on Selection of Waxy Wheat in Early Generations And It,s Main Starch Traits” was the topic of this article. The abstract follows as:
1.Study on Selection of Waxy materials in Early Generations of Crosses between Released Varieties And Waxy Lines in Wheat
Seventeen released wheat varieties, including “Wanmai 18”, “Wanmai 33” ,“Yangmai 158” etal, were selected as female and “Annong Waxy Wheat—1”, a waxy wheat line, was selected as male. Seventeen wheat crosses were formed. The waxy mutant materials were identified in the early generations, the separating rate of whole waxy wheat seeds were analyzed. It showed that in the 17 crosses,12 crosses accorded with the rate of 1/64.Namely, near 75% crosses appearing pure waxy wheat kernels in F2 accorded with the ideal saparating rate controlled by 3 unexpressed alleles.
It was further proved that the separating regularity of crosses in the later generations between the common wheat varieties and the waxy wheat. It also provided scientific basis for the selection of waxy wheat in early generations of crosses between released varieties and waxy lines in wheat. Morever, through this study,17 early materials were selected and breeded. So, this study would be the important basis for the waxy wheat breeding.
2.Study on Main Agronomic Traits And quality Traits in Waxy And Common Wheat
Two waxy wheat lines and some common wheat varieties were selected as materials to study the agronomic and quality traits involved ecological type, plant-height, ear-length, seeding percentage, 1000-seed weight, grain hardness, protein contents, ash, gluten contents, total starch contents and amylose contents. The result showed that waxy wheat lines should be improved in some agronomic traits included plant-height, ear-length and 1000-seed weight. Comparing with the common wheat varieties, seeding percentage, protein contents, ash, gluten contents and total starch contents of waxy wheat lines had no significant difference, but the grain hardness and amylose contents of it were very low. How to utilize the waxy wheat to improve the starch quality and food quality in common wheat varieties was discussed.
3.Study on Main Starch Traits in Waxy And Common Wheat
Two waxy wheat lines and some common wheat varieties were selected as materials to study the starch traits involved total starch content, amylose content, pasting
temperature(PT), peak viscosity(PV), hold-through(Hold), break-down, final
viscosity(FV), set-back and peak time. The result showed that , comparing with the common wheat, total starch content of waxy wheat had no significant difference, the amylose actual content and its relative content was very low, seven other starch traits (PT, PV, Hold, Break-down, FV , Set-back and Peak time) of waxy wheat were lower or lowest, respectively.These results approved that utilizing waxy wheat to improve wheat starch quality and its food quality was a important aspects for wheat breeding.
4.The Electrophoresis Methods of Separating Waxy Protein in Wheat
In this experiment,we attempted to use an economical, simple and effective method to extract the waxy protein from wheat endosperm without using the expensive caesium chloride(CsCl) and use 1D-SDS-PAGE method to separate three subunits of Wx proteins as three bands on a gel( Wx-A1,Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 ). But Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 were not separated completetely, so using this method to separate three waxy subunits was not pleasing.However, this method can identify the presence and absence of three Wx proteins in wheat cultivars.
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