摘要
本文旨在研究一种机械性能优良，纳米粒子分散良好、粒子间无明显团聚的新型的紫外光固化有机／无机杂化涂料。
选用环氧丙烯酸树脂(EA)为基体树脂，以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种机械性能优良的紫外光固化纳米复合涂料。通过透射电镜(TEM)观察发现所制备的纳米复合涂料，粒径均在100nm左右，且随着SiO_2含量的增加而增大；EA树脂包覆在无机SiO_2粒子周围形成明显的核-壳结构。研究发现在溶胶-凝胶过程中，当臥树脂含量高于85％时，随着反应的进行体系会逐渐变浑浊，而臥树脂的含量低于85％时，体系始终是均一透明的。
研究了不同SiO_2含量对凝胶化时间以及产物形态、粒径的影响；考察了不同SiO_2含量的纳米复合涂料经紫外光固化所得涂膜的硬度、附着力、抗冲击性、耐磨性、光泽度等性能，同时也探讨了不同固化条件(如引发剂种类、用量，固化时间等)对涂层固化速度及性能的影响．结果表明SiO_2的加入是提高涂膜机械性能的主要因素。
研究发现，合成的纳米复合涂料的涂膜性能明显优于未加SiO_2的涂料的涂膜性能，且涂膜的机械性能如硬度、附着力、抗冲击性、耐磨性等均随无机SiO_2量的增加而提高，但SiO_2含量有一个最佳值，超过或低于这个值，性能都会有不同程度的降低。
研究发现，涂料配方不同，如齐聚物和活性单体比例不同，各种活性单体的种类和用量不同，以及光引发剂种类、含量不同，对涂膜的固化速度和机械性能均有不同程度的影响。结果发现，提高多官能团活性单体的用量可以提高涂膜的固化速度，而光引发剂的用量对涂膜的固化速度影响较大，光引发剂的用量也有一个最佳值。
本文还合成了一种马来酸酐改性的EA树脂，发现以其为基体树脂制备的涂料的涂膜性能要优于未改性EA树脂所制备的涂料，但性能的改善没有添加SiO_2明显。
This paper is concerned with UV-curable nano-hybrid coating. Instead of simply blending nano-particle with matrix resin, the coating were prepared by so call sol-gel process using tetrathoxysilan(TEOS) as precursor in the precence of UV curable epoxy acrylic resin. The effect of content of TEOS on gel time, silica size, and coatings' morphology were studied. Changes in pencil hardness, adhesion, impact strength and gloss of the films with the content of SiO2 were investigated. The effect of curing conditions on curing rate were also studied.
The silica sizes of coatings were about 100nm and increased with the content of TEOS, observed by TEM. The effect of EA resin on the sol-gel process was studied. It was found that when EA content is higher than 85%, the so-gel system became turbid while EA content is lower than 85%, the system was transparent and homogeneous.
It was showen that incorporation nano-particles of SiO2 into EA coating could much enhance hardness, adhesion, impact strength, and wear resistance of the EA coating. But there is an optimum content of SiO2, beyond which these mechanic performance would reduce.
The results indicated that formulation of the coatings would affect the curing rate and mechanic properties of the films. Improving the content of multifunctional monomer could accelerate the curing rate. Furthermore, we found that there is also optimum content of photoinitiator where curing rate is the highest.
EA resin was modified by grafting with maleic anhydride. The mechanic properties of these modified EA films were better than EA coatings before modifying.
引文
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