摘要
本文简要介绍了GPS卫星定位技术的特点、应用及国内外发展概况，对现有车载卫星定位系统的构成及工作原理进行了较深入的研究，总结出车载定位单元在设计和使用上的优缺点，在此基础上提出了手持卫星定位系统的设计思想，并论述了研制手持卫星定位系统的重要意义。
在GPS卫星定位系统的构成论述中，介绍了定位卫星的设置、地面控制的参数校正、GPS用户设备的组成及工作原理等，针对两种手持卫星定位系统的设计方案：短信式定位系统和公安专用卫星定位系统，进行了多方面的比较和论证，得出手持卫星定位系统的最佳设计方案，并在实验分析的基础上，总结出GPS接收板数据传输格式及系统内各指令代码的数据格式，形成手持卫星定位系统的基本设计思路，即定位单元查询接收指挥中心的呼叫，将定位信息发送到监控中心，通过中断接收处理报警指令，向指挥中心发送报警信息等一系列步骤，提出了通过软硬件相结合的方法，完成上述各信息指令的接收和处理。
根据GPS定位系统的工作原理及定位数据的收发格式，结合手持定位系统的具体要求，设计出手持卫星定位单元的硬件控制电路，详细论述了各部分硬件电路的构成及工作原理。硬件系统由MCS-51系列微处理器及大规模集成电路和专用集成电路组成，双CPU工作模式，控制部分与电台之间的数据传送采用调制解调器，硬件电路具有小型化、集成化、功耗低、性能稳定等特点，并对单CPU工作模式进行了理论设计。
软件设计采用模块化结构，增加了同步校验位及求和检验等抗干扰措施，大大提高了系统的准确性和稳定性。
文中给出了利用该手持定位系统在沈阳市区内进行现场实验的部分数据，并分析了误差产生的原因。通过实验验证了该系统具有定位准确(平均误差小于20米)、性能稳定(无误报警现象)、体积小巧(为车载定位系统体积的一半)、使用灵活方便(脱离车体，可随意手持)等特点。
GPS手持卫星定位系统的研制成功，可完全取代现有引进的车载卫星定位设备，具有非常重要的意义。
In this paper, the character application of GPS satellite positioning system technology and developing states of domestic and overseas were introduced briefly. Discussing the configure and working theory of cun-ent mobile location system deeply, summarizing its virtue and disadvantage in designing and using, and based on it, putting forward the idea of designing handed satellite location system, and demonstrating sufficiently its important meaning.
In the structure's discussing of GPS satellite location system, the setting of positioning satellite revising of parameter of ground controlling composing and working theory of GPS user equipments etc. Aiming at two kinds of designing project of handed satellite location system: short message location system and police special satellite location system, take fully comparing and discussing, and get the best designing project of handed satellite location system, and based on experiment analyzing, summarize the data format transporting in GPS receiver board and data format each command and code in system, form the basic designing idea of handed satellite location system, namely, location cell inquiring and receiving center's calling sending location message to monitor center receiving and handling emergency command by interrupt, then sending it to monitor center, and so on, a series of approach, and last by the method of combining hardware and software to achieve the receiving and handling these data and comman
d above.
In this paper, hard controlling circuit of handed satellite location system was designed, and structure of each hard circuit and working theory was discussed particularly based on the working theory GPS location system and receiving format of location data, combining the practical demand of handed satellite location system. The hardware part was composed with MCS-51 series microprocessor and large-scale and special integrate circuit, double CPU working mode, the convection of data between controlling part and radio adopting modem.
Hardware circuit have several character such as miniaturization.. integration low-power consumed and stabilization, etc. Last, the single CPU working mode was designed abstractly.
Software designing adopt blocking structure, and add some measure to anti-disturb by synchronization checkout and adding checkout, the veracity and stability were improved greatly.
In the paper, some experimental data were presented by using the handed satellite location cell in shen-yang suburb, and the reason of error producing was analyzed. By the experiment, the system's character , such as, veracity(average error less than 15 meter) stability(no fault emergency phenomena) small volume(half of mobile location unit) and used expediently(away from vehicle, hand-hold randomly) were validated.
The GPS handed satellite location system was studied successfully, having very important significance, and can replacing present introduced mobile satellite location equipment completely.
引文
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