双PWM变频器及控制技术的研究
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摘要
双PWM变频器是在一般通用变频器的基础上引进了PWM整流的能量变换装置。该装置能够提高电能的利用率,把由电动机产生的再生能源回馈到交流电网,并且能提高装置的功率因数,减少对电网的谐波污染。由于PWM整流,变频器中间直流环节的电压能保持稳定,提高了逆变器的调速性能。
     本文对PWM整流器和逆变器分部分进行了详细的讨论。从理论上分析了整流器、逆变器的控制原理、控制方法,并使用MATLAB/SIMULINK对滞环控制方法进行了仿真。参考仿真结果,设计制作了实际电路。该电路用TI公司TMS320F240 DSP作为主控制器,配合功率模块驱动、保护、信号处理、电源等外围电路完成对异步电机调速系统的信号采集、处理,系统保护以及电机调速等基本功能。其中信号处理电路主要完成采集输出电流和中间直流环节电压信号,并对采集到的电流信号进行极性变换处理的功能;驱动电路接收DSP输出的高频驱动信号,通过耦合器件直接驱动IPM模块;保护电路利用采集到电气信号对整个系统实施保护,包括过电流、过电压、欠电压、IPM模块过热等。利用DSP上的死区寄存器设置IPM驱动信号的死区时间防止上下桥臂IGBT的直通;利用板上集成的A/D转换器采集经过板级外围电路处理的电路信号;利用板上的捕获单元CAP采集通过转速计的输出从而得到电机的转速。在软件设计方面,对输入信号进行软件滤波,优化输出的PWM信号,引进了系统软保护。
     在实验的基础上提出了减少初始上电电流冲击的多级切换的设想,仿真结果显示,当使用多级切换时的确可以减少初始上电时的电流冲击,而且还增大了直流环节中的滤波电容,在没有使用PWM整流器的情况下提高了调速系统的整体性能。对于减少整个系统中传感器数量这一问题在理论上进行了一些探讨,以期望能降低系统的成本。
Double-PWM control converter is composed with common converter and PWM rectifier. It can improve the utilize of power by fed back the power generated by motor machine to power-net, has the benefit of improving power factor , reducing the harmonious feeding back to the power-net and can enhance the performance of converters for the constant voltage of DC-link .
    this paper study the PWM control of inverter and rectifier in detail, analyzing the control theory and functions of the inverter and rectifier in principle, and simulate hystersis-band current control method with MATLAB/SIMULINK. The output of the simulation becomes the model of circuits. TMS320F240 DSP of TI company and IPM 6MBP25RA120 and other peripheral circuits are introduced to fulfill the functions of sampling and adjusting DC voltage and output current signals ,driving the IPM model and protecting the motor adjusting system from any electrical failures. The signal sampling circuit fulfill the tasks of sampling signal and changing the double polarities signal to the single polarity signal; the drive circuit receives the PWM signals from DSP and pass the signals to IPM through optical-couple devices; the protective circuit safeguard the system against high current, high voltage, low voltage and high temperature on the IPM model. The A/D and
    CAP circuits on DSP sample the voltage and current signals coming from
    the signal sampling circuit and the speed signal of the motor
    respectively. The "dead time" register of the DSP prevent directive-through of the IGBTs on the up and the down bridge arms. In the software design , the software filter and the software protections are introduced, and the PWM signals is optimized in thesoftware.
    Some new thoughts such as multiple switching are putting up on the base of the experiment, and the output of simulation shows the
    
    
    feasibility of the way., and some ways to reduce the sensors in the inverter system are discussed in this paper.
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