摘要
互联网技术的不断发展,使得Web由静态的信息发布平台发展为动态的网络计算平台。空间信息在各领域的广泛应用,推动地理信息系统由封闭、紧耦合的单机系统向开放、松耦合的地理信息服务发展,要求新一代的地理信息服务具有分布式的集成能力。Web Services技术的发展和成熟,为分布式异构GIS集成和互操作提供了新平台。Web Services与GIS的结合成为分布式GIS服务的主要研究方向和实现途径。OGC、ISO/TC21l等国际组织进行了大量的GIS Web服务的基础研究,得到了业界的广泛认可,各主要GIS软件提供商纷纷发布大量的GIS Web服务。在GIS Web服务不断丰富的今天,我们面临的挑战是如何将这些现有的GIS Web服务,动态的组合起来,完成用户指定任务,实现分布式地理信息服务的按需动态集成。本文的主要研究内容是分布式GIS服务链的集成关键技术,在分析了现有的分布式GIS集成方法的基础之上,提出了分布式GIS服务链集成方法和集成框架,并在该集成框架的基础上,对GIS服务链的三个关键问题进行了深入研究。
首先,本文深入研究了GIS服务链的服务基础—GIS数据服务和功能服务。分布式GIS数据和功能服务是分布式GIS服务链的实现基础。主要研究内容包括:
1) 结合Web Services技术,研究了基于Web Services技术的GIS数据服务实现方法。
2) 针对GML数据量大以及网络传输速度的限制,提出了Web要素服务性能优化策略,包括:CGML模式定义策略、GML压缩传输策略以及客户端内存构建策略。CGML模式定义策略通过减少GML中的属性标签冗余降低GML文档大小;GML压缩传输策略根据GML文档大小、网络速度以及服务器和客户端性能决定是否进行压缩传输;客户端内存构建策略通过构建客户端内存结构减少用户进行基本操作时对远程服务的访问请求。以上三个策略的结合,可以有效地提高GIS Web数据服务的效率。
3) 针对目前分布式GIS功能服务接口定义尚不成熟的现状,为了满足分布式GIS服务链的要求,本文在分析现有GIS功能接口定义的基础上,分析了分布式GIS功能服务接口的原则并给出三种常用的分布式GIS服务接口定义实例。
接着,本文深入研究了GIS服务链的基础设施—GIS服务的注册—查找机制。服务的查找和发现机制是分布式GIS服务链集成的基础设施,为服务链组合中的服务发现和选择提供了重要的支持。本文针对目前UDDI注册中心缺乏对分布式GIS服务分类的支持的现状,提出通过建立分布式GIS服务分类法扩展UDDI的机制。主要研究内容包括:
1) 在分析现有的GIS服务分类体系基础上,研究了面向服务链的分类原则,并在该原则的基础上,提出了满足分布式GIS服务链集成要求的分布式GIS Web服务分类体系,给出了分类实例。
2) 利用分布式GIS Web服务分类法扩展UDDI,并实现了基于扩展的私有UDDI的
With the development of Internet, Web is changing from static information publication platform to dynamic computation platform. The wide application of geospatial information in various domains is pushing GIS (Geographical Information System) developing from platform-dependent, tight-coupling, closing system to distributed, loose-coupling, open system. The emergence and development of Web Services technology provides a new distribute heterogeneous integration and interoperability platform. The combination of Web Services and GIS is becomming the main research focus. International organizations such as OGC (Open Geospatial consortium) and ISO/TC211 have done lots of fundamental research on GIS Web Service and have got universal consensus in geospatial information domain. Today, with the constantly enrichment of GIS Web Services, the most challenge we are facing now is how to dynamic combine those existing GIS Web Services to implement more complex tasks, thus to achieve the on-demand distributed geospatial information integration. This paper studies the key technology of distributed GIS Service Chain (DGSC). After analyzing existing distributed GIS integration methods, the paper proposes distributed GIS service chain integration method and integration architecture. Based on this integration architecture, key issues of GIS service chain integration are thoroughly studied.First, this paper studies the services foundation of GIS service chain—GIS data services and GIS process services that are the foundation of GIS service chain implementation. The main contents include following aspects:1) The GIS services implementation method based on Web Services technology is stutied.2) The performance optimizing strategy of Web Feature Service is put forward, including: strategy of CGML application schema definition, strategy of GML compression transfer and strategy of client side memory construction. Strategy of CGML application schema definition can lessen the size of GML by reducing the redundant property tags; strategy of GML compression transfer can make the decision whether to compress before GML transmission based on the size of GML document, bandwidth of network, performance of server and client. Strategy of client side memory construction can reduce frequency of remote request when users do some simple operation by memory structure of GML in the client side. The performance of the GIS data services can be impoved remarkably combined with these three strategies.3) Principle of GIS Web process interface definition is studied in order to satisfy the needs in GIS Web service chain integration. Following the principle, three common GIS
process services interface definition examples are proposed.Next, this paper studies the facility of GIS service chain—GIS services registration and finding mechanism. The mechanism of GIS services is the fundamental facility of GIS service chain integration. To make up capability lacks in GIS service classification of Current UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery & Integration), this paper extends UDDI through establishing distributed GIS service taxonomy. The main contents include following aspects:1) Aim at the needs of distributed GIS service chain, principle of distributed GIS Web services taxonomy is studied based on the analysis of current GIS service taxonomy. Following the principle, distributed GIS Web services taxonomy is put forward.2) A method of query GIS service is given using private UDDI which is extended by the distributed GIS service taxonomy.Finally, this paper studies the dynamic finding and combination of GIS service chain. Dynamic GIS service finding and combination are two difficult points in the research area of GIS service chain. To solve them, this paper proposes the service dynamic choice mechanism. Combining with semantic web and workflow technology, dynamic service finding and combination in GIS service chain based on semantic description of service and user specific requiremen is implemented using this mechanism. The main contents include following aspects:1) Dynamic service choice mechanism and the conception of Abstract and Concrete Services are put forward. Using dynamic service choice mechanism, Abstract services can be mapping into Concrete services dynamically, thus can save lots of time which users has to spend in finding service manually.2) GIS service semantic description method using OWL-S and WSDL is studied to solve the problem of lacking semantic description capability of Web Services technology and OGC service description mechanism. To deal with diverse user demands, this paper using ontology to describe user requirement during dynamic service finding.3) GIS service chain combination model and visual GIS service chain combination method are put forword. Users can compose GIS service chain in the visual environment by mouse drag operation.4) A method using workflow standard description language,BPEL4WS, to describe GIS service chain process is studied combining with workflow technology. And workflow engine is used to manage and monitor the executing of GIS service chain.In the sixth chapter, distributed GIS Service Chain prototype is implemented to prove the theories and methods proposed in the paper.and methods in the paper.This paper proposes a new distributed GIS integration method—distributed GIS service chain
integration. This method can satisfy the need of on-demand GIS services integration in the distributed heterogeneous Internet environment. Not only GIS data but also GIS process can be integrated through this method. The main contributions of this paper include:1. The performance optimizing strategy of GIS data services is put forward.2. The extended method of UDDI is proposed using distribute GIS service taxonomy.3. Dynamic service choice mechanism is put forward.4. Visual GIS service chain model is put forward.
引文
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