摘要
摘要：日益增加的能源压力,石油勘探钻井工作不断深入,遇到深井和超深井越来越多,复杂的地质环境层出不穷,因此高温和高盐一直是钻井工作必须面对的问题,也是钻井液研究的重点和难点。目前常用钻井液降滤失剂多是相对分子量大的天然或合成聚合物,它们在降低钻井液滤失量的同时,也不同程度的提高了钻井液黏度,引起高温增黏和遇到污染增黏的问题。一些相对分子量小的降滤失剂在使用过程中,虽然满足了现场需要,代价是降滤失剂的量越用越多,因此投入的成本也逐渐升高。
抗温抗盐、成本低廉和来源广以及易于工业化的钻井液降滤失剂成了当前急需的钻井液处理剂之一。本文针对纳米材料的独有的特性,用无机纳米结构材料对聚合物进行纳米化改性,制备系列聚合物／无机化合物纳米复合降滤失剂,对其结构和性能进行表征,对其作用机理进行了研究。本文有以下创新点：
(1)成功的制备了P (AM/AMPS)／有机膨润土、P (AM/AA)／有机膨润土和P (AMPS/AM/AA)／有机膨润土三种纳米复合材料。FT-IR分析表明,单体和膨润土发生了接枝反应；XRD分析结果显示,膨润土的层间结构被单体和膨润土的聚合反应所产生的能量不同程度的剥离或完全“撑开”,SEM分析结果进一步验证了XRD的结论。降滤失性能测试结果表明,三种纳米复合降滤失剂在高温(200℃)、高盐浓度(36%饱和盐水)下,都有良好的降滤失和不增黏的效果。
(2)成功的制备了SiO2/SSMA纳米复合高温降黏降滤失剂,并对其进行了FT-IR、XRD、SEM结构表征和TGA热稳定性分析以及性能测试。结果表明,得到的纳米复合材料的粒径在200nm左右,热稳定性比SSMA好；该复合降滤失剂具有高温降黏降滤失的双重功能,当老化温度为200℃,复合材料的加量为0.5%时,复合材料的降黏率达到81%；在老化温度为180℃,复合材料的加量为0.2%时,淡水泥浆的滤失量就从23mL降低到8mL
(3)·成功的制备了腐植酸改性聚合物／Fe3+纳米复合高温降黏降滤失剂。该降滤失剂在加量为1.5%时,老化温度为200℃时,降黏率为89%,降滤失量为8.5mL。由腐植酸改性聚合物／Fe3+纳米复合材料与工业废料腈纶废丝接枝反应后得到了一种新的抗温抗盐降滤失剂。该新产品在加量为5%,老化温度为180℃时,饱和盐水基浆的滤失量仅为3.0mL,泥饼厚度为0.60mm。
ABSTRACT:With the increasing pressure on energy, oil exploration drilling work encounter more and more deep and ultra deep wells in-depth, and complex geological environment also emerge in endlessly. Therefore, high temperature and high salt are the problems that drilling work have been facing always, also are the emphasis and difficult of drilling fluid research. At present, the commonly used drilling fluid filtrate-loss reducers are natural or synthetic polymers with relatively high molecular weight. They can reduce the filtration of drilling fluid, but also can increase drilling fluid viscosity in varying degrees at the same time, so the problems are caused that viscosity increased in high temperature and encountered pollution. Some filtrate-loss reducers with relatively small molecular weight can meet the needs in the use, although the cost of reducing the amount of filtrate more you use more, so gradually increased the cost of inputs.
Drilling fluid filtrate-loss reducer of anti-temperature, anti-salt, low cost, extensive source and easy to industrialize becomes one of the much-needed drilling fluid treat agents. This article aims at the particular characteristic of nanomaterials, polymers are nanomodified by using inorganic nano-structured materials, therefore prepared series of polymer/inorganic nanocomposite filtrate-loss reducers. Their structure and properties were characterized, and studied the mechanism of their actions. This article has the following innovation:
(1) Three kinds of nanocomposites of the P (AM/AMPS)/organic bentonite, P (AM /AA)/organic bentonite and P (AMPS/AM/AA)/organic bentonite were successfully prepared. FT-IR analysis showed that the monomers and bentonite occurred the grafting reaction; XRD analysis showed that the layer structure of bentonite was stripped with varying degrees or completely spread by the energy that generated in the polymerization of monomers and bentonite. SEM analysis further confirmed the results of XRD analysis. filtrate-loss performance test results show that the three kinds of nano composite materials have good effects on filtrate-loss and no increased viscosity at high temperature (200℃) and high salt concentration (36% saturated salt water).
(2) The high temperature viscosity-loss filtrate-loss reducer, SiO2/SSMA nanocomposite, was Successfully prepared. its structure was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, its thermal stability was analyzed by TGA, and its performance was tested. The results showed that the diameter of the nano composite material was about 200 nm, and the thermal stability was better than SSMA's; the composite filtrate-loss reducer had a dual function of viscosity-loss and filtrate-loss at high temperature. The viscosity reduction rate was 81% at 200℃aging temperature when the usage of SiO2/SSMA nanocomposite was 0.5%. The filtration amounts of freshwater mud were reduced from 23mL to 8mL at 180℃aging temperature when the usage of SiO2/SSMA nanocomposite was 0.2%.
(3)The humic acid modified polymer/Fe3+nanocomposite, high temperature viscosity-loss filtrate-loss reducer was successfully prepared. When the usage of this filtrate-loss reducer was 1.5%, and the the aging temperature was 200℃, the viscosity reduction rate was 89%, filtrate reduction was 8.5mL. A new filtrate-loss reducer with anti-temperature and salt was obtained by grafting reaction between humic acid modified polymer/Fe3+nano composite and acrylic silk waste, acrylic silk waste is one of industrial waste. The filtration reduction of saturated salt solution-based slurry was only 3.0mL at 180℃aging temperature When the usage of this novel product was 5%. The thickness of the mud cake was 0.60mm under the same conditions of temperature and usage.
引文
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